Abstract: Abstract is a summary of the full text, with the purpose of providing a summary of the contents of the paper. The paper should reflect the author's viewpoint, the main contents of the paper, the research results and original opinions. It should be concise and complete, accurate and plain, and highlight new ideas.

Tip: the writing steps of abstract

1. Starting from the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper, carefully list the important contents of the paper, especially the summary of each paragraph and the topic sentence at the end of the paper, keep the outline and essence, and extract the key information used to write the abstract.

2. See if the information can completely and accurately summarize the full text. If there is any deficiency, it needs to be supplemented again.

3. Combine these scattered information into a complete sentence that conforms to grammatical rules and logical rules, and then further compose a smooth essay, which is revised repeatedly to meet the requirements of the abstract.

Keywords: 3-5; Text description; Concise and appropriate

I. Introduction

Introduction, as the beginning of the paper, should introduce the writing background and purpose of the paper in a short space, including not only the theme and scope of the paper, but also the reality of the research problem and the general situation of previous studies, clarify the relationship between this study and previous studies, and then lead to the theme of this paper.

There are two main ways to put forward the introduction: one is to introduce the topic in practice, highlight the practical significance, and proceed from the realistic point of view in view of the existing research status, thus leading to the following; The second is to break the theoretical topic, summarize the existing research, and explain the position and function of the topic in this discipline and the research status, especially the existing or unresolved problems in the research.

Tip: Matters needing attention when writing an introduction

1. Stick to the topic, step by step. We should pay attention to the importance of introduction and never separate the writing of introduction from the writing of text.

2. Summarize, analyze and refine. The introduction mainly reflects the author's understanding of the research background.

3. Be concise and clear, and highlight the key points. The introduction does not require writing methods and results, nor does it require discussion.

4. Respect science and seek truth from facts. Use words scientifically to avoid improper expression.

5. Use proper words and express clearly. The introduction should not be too long.

Second, the text

(Ten thousand words are omitted here)

Three. conclusion

The conclusion is the concluding part of the paper, which is the final conclusion based on the research results and discussions and through strict logical reasoning and argumentation. The language of the conclusions of academic papers should be rigorous, concise, accurate and logical.

There are five types of conclusions: analysis and synthesis, prediction and prospect, fact comparison, explanation and questioning. Its writing content mainly includes four parts: first, the principle or universality revealed by the experiment or investigation results of the research object; The second is to explain what amendments, supplements, developments, confirmations or negatives have been made to previous viewpoints or research results; Third, the shortcomings of this paper or the unresolved problems left over, as well as the focus and direction of solving these problems; Fourthly, it expounds the practical value of this paper in theory or in production and life.

Tips: Points for attention in conclusion writing

The language should be rigorous, the data should be accurate and reliable, and words such as "probably", "possibly" and "possibly" should not be used.

Generally speaking, it is not only the symbol of dose, but also the name of appropriate dose. For example, it is not that "V is proportional to P", but that "XX speed is proportional to XX muscle strength".

The conclusion cannot be written as a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph of the article.

Don't write "Through the above analysis, we come to the following conclusion".