Once you start writing a research report, it means that your research work is coming to an end. Some students are afraid to do this job and think that writing research reports is a very profound job. In fact, this job is just a research-oriented composition. As long as you keep in mind such a purpose: the center is prominent and concise, then no matter what kind of research report you write, you will succeed.
The research report is not a diary, this report is for others to read. Therefore, you should think about how to express your work clearly from the perspective of the reader. You should let readers know quickly what you do, why you do it, what research steps you take, how to solve any problems you encounter, and what your conclusion is.
1, the type of scientific experiment
2. Types of reading reports
3. Types of social investigation and research
Step 4 finalize the design
Here are four examples of these four forms of research reports.
A scientific experimental research report is actually an experimental report. In this kind of research report, you must show the reader: What is the purpose of your experiment? What is the experimental material? How was the experiment? What data have you got from the experiment? What do you do with the data? What conclusions do you draw from the data analysis? If necessary, explain the issues to be discussed to the readers. Don't think that experimental research is a very difficult thing. You can design some experiments for research under the existing conditions of your school. The following is a very simple experimental study done by American middle school students. Although this research does not use very complicated instruments and equipment, although you may have a better way to verify this hypothesis, you can see the application of scientific methods from this simple experiment, which is a very important purpose for us to promote research-based learning now.
battery life
Problem statement:
Which of the four brands of batteries (Duracell, Energizer, Eveready, Rayovac) has the longest life?
Suppose:
We think Duracell has the longest life. Because, the advertisement says: no other battery can beat it.
Materials:
1. Four flashlights of the same type, size and logo.
2. Take two D-type batteries of Duracell, Energizer, Eveready and Rayovac.
3. Before the experiment, use two other brands of batteries to test whether each flashlight is normal.
Process:
We first test each flashlight with a test battery, then label each flashlight and install a different battery for each flashlight.
Before going to bed, we turn on all the flashlights at the same time and let them shine all night. Write down the time when the flashlight is turned on. When you wake up, observe the brightness of the flashlight until it goes out, and then write down the time. If a flashlight goes out before we wake up, we will take two other batteries of the same model and retest them during the day.
Variable:
Our variables are different brands of batteries. The control condition is the same type of flashlight.
Results:
Our experiments show that Rayovac has the longest life. The life span of Yongbei is only 6 hours and 35 minutes, that of Duracell is 15 hours, that of Energizer is 22 hours 15 minutes, and that of Rayovac is 24 hours and 30 minutes.
Eveready flashlight died at night, so we had to change two batteries and do the same experiment during the day. It is the only non-alkaline battery among the four batteries. We observed that when the electricity was about to run out, the flashlight became very dark. When the alkaline battery is used, the flashlight is completely extinguished.
Battery life of different brands
Bid card
Duracell
Energizer
everlasting
Rayovac
Turn on the light time
Nine o'clock on Friday night.
Nine o'clock on Friday night.
Saturday morning 10:00
Nine o'clock on Friday night.
Lights out time
Saturday noon 12:00
Saturday night at 7: 0015
Saturday at 4: 35 p.m.
......& gt& gt
Question 2: How to write the format of the research report?
Note: The research report has no fixed pattern and is for reference only. Researchers write according to the actual situation.
First, the topic. The requirements are clear, distinct, concise and eye-catching. Generally, there is no subtitle, and the number of words should not be too long.
Second, abstraction. It is required to summarize the full text accurately, concisely and concisely.
3. Introduction (or introduction and questions). The introduction is not the main part of the research report, so it should be concise.
The contents include: 1, raising research questions; 2. Introduce the research background; 3. Point out the purpose of the study; 4. Explain the research hypothesis;
5. Explain the significance of the research.
Fourth, research methods. Different topics have different research methods. This is an important part of the research report. Taking the experimental research method as an example, its contents should include: 1, the research object and its sampling; 2. Application of instruments and equipment; 3. Control of relevant and irrelevant factors; 4. Operating procedures and methods; 5. Definition of operational concept; 6. Statistical methods of research results.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) research results and analysis. This is the main part of the research report: it requires the unity of truth and materials, the combination of science and popularity, the analysis and discussion of seeking truth from facts, and avoiding subjective assumptions. Its content: 1. Express the research results in different forms (as shown in the figure and table); 2. Describe the level difference of statistical significance; 3. Analyze the results.
6. Discuss (or summarize). This is also the main part of the research report. Its content: 1, the scientific research method of this topic; 2. Reliability of research results; 3. The value of research results; 4. Limitations of current research on this topic; 5. Suggestions for further study.
Seven. Conclusion. This is the essence of the research report. Words should be concise, carefully worded, rigorous and logical. Main contents: 1. Which problems have been solved and which problems have not been solved; 2. What does the research result show? Has the original hypothesis been realized? 3. The problems to be further studied are pointed out.
Eight. References.
Nine. Appendix. Such as questionnaires, measurement results tables, etc.
Basic requirements for writing research reports.
I. Title
You can use a font larger than the text by 1-2 and the changed font (bold), with 2-3 lines above and 1-2 lines below.
Second, signature.
After the next line of the title, generally write "XX unit research group", put a "~" in the upper right corner, and then put a note under the horizontal line at the end of the first page, and also put a "~" to echo it. When adding comments, it is necessary to indicate the level, nature, attribution, year of project establishment, name of person in charge, name of members (consultants), author of research report and partial thanks. Can also be a separate page, or placed in brackets at the end of the article, indicating the specific work and members.
Third, the content overview and keywords
Abstract is a brief description of the background, main methods, conclusions and new viewpoints of the research report. It is appropriate to use the word 100-300, followed by the line "XX unit research group" 1-2, in which "executive summary" is in brackets and is a variant.
Keywords can not only help retrieval, but also remind readers of this research report to understand the listed words carefully, and it is advisable to use 2-5 words, followed by "content summary", in which "keywords" are also in brackets and are variants.
Fourth, the text.
The text is the main part of the education research report, including the following aspects:
1, the problem (1) is to reveal the problem or difficulty; (2) It is the purpose and significance of the research; (3) It is a summary of the current research situation; (4) It is the definition of the key concepts of this topic.
2. The determination of the research goal of the subject should be consistent with the thinking of the later research effect analysis, and there is a certain connection.
3. Research ideas and framework.
This part needs to explain the angle and characteristics of my research ideas on this subject, and also to explain clearly the choice of research objects, research tools, research steps and other issues.
4. Contents and methods of the project This is the main body of the research results and the comprehensive development of the research contents of the project.
5. Analyze and discuss the research results.
The result is the objective facts that are displayed after sorting out the information and data collected in the research process, telling us what we finally get and what these things are. The results can be directly expressed by graphics or briefly explained by words.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
This is the crystallization of the whole research process. On the basis of analyzing research results, it summarizes higher-level achievements or viewpoints through reasoning, judgment and induction. The conclusion part points out what the research results show and the work to be done in the future.
Problems with intransitive verbs ... >>
Question 3: What is a book report? How to write a book report? Is there a certain format for the book report? For beginners, the teacher will introduce them to the general format for them to follow. As long as there are titles and authors, others can concentrate on reading and writing. The most expensive thing is the content summary, which is used to let others know that you have read this book. As for the writing of the feeling after reading, there are various ways, but there is no standard. It can be written as lyrical prose, sharp comments, incisive analysis and thorough comparison ... The nature of reading depends on the nature of your feelings. Second, the first step in writing a book report The first step in writing a book report is to write while reading. No matter what feelings, questions or opinions you have, write them down immediately. If the book is your own, you can write it directly on the book; If the book is not your own, prepare a reading notebook and write it in it. After reading the book, browse through the feelings you wrote down, and you will find several important things to play. List these key points, and if you have time, read this book again selectively, so that you can find more information or examples for the key points you want to discuss. If necessary, you can find other related books to supplement your argument. In this way, your reading will be much richer and your book report will carry a lot of weight. Third, don't read only one book. Write a good book report. In addition to a thorough understanding of this book, you should also know the author, the author's era and the writing background of this book. If possible, it is best to find other related books to read at the same time, including: 1, author biography; 2. Other works of the author; 3. Other people's research on this book; 4, other authors' comments or related works (such as "Memories" by Ba Jin and "Ten Records of ultra-leftwing" by Jiang Yang). Of course, not everyone has the conditions or needs to do this, but if you can do this, the book report will be much more solid and rich. Fourth, praise and criticize beginners for writing book reports. Most of them prostrate themselves before the works and praise them greatly. However, both praise and criticism need insight. Formulated compliments: rich in content, delicate in description, meticulous in description, touching in heart, beautiful in article … all nonsense. Praise should be to the point of the work, and it is best to have the unique and most prominent advantages of this book. Criticism is certainly more difficult than praise, because people who write book reports are often less educated than the authors. It is not easy to point out the shortcomings of a book, but it is also reasonable and convincing. But not being easy doesn't mean it can't be done. If it can be done, this book report will be more easily appreciated. Pointing out the pros and cons, of course, is commonplace, but it is easy to become a formula, and the result of slow and steady is neither soup nor water. Therefore, praise is not easy, criticism is difficult, and praise and criticism are not easy. Five, point-to-point reading report can comprehensively discuss a book. The comprehensive results are easy to be superficial and talk about everything, but only in general terms. It is best to grasp the point where you have the most feelings and experience. Because you speak intensively and deeply, you can naturally leave a deep impression on the readers. 6. Don't quote too many good reading reports. The main content should be the author's own opinion. You can cite examples from the original text, but not too many. It is also necessary to quote others' views on this book, and don't copy it at length. Otherwise, after reading it, I just feel that most of it is other saliva, and the person who wrote the book report is just a copywriter who repeats other people's words. 7. The contents of the reading report may include: 1, author's brief introduction and content summary; 2. The special features of this book in terms of expression (for example, in the form of question and answer) and processing; 3. An unforgettable part of the book; 4. The information conveyed by the author in the book; 5. Personal favorite part; 6. Comments and impressions on this book (such as whether it is worth recommending to other readers); 7. After reading: (1) Association caused by the plot in the book (2) Questions caused by the content in the book (3) What does this book remind, inspire and reflect on you (4) Ideological changes caused by this book (5) Expectations caused by this book. 8. What have you gained from this book? 9. Quote the contents of this book or other books, or everyday expressions. Eight, the writing steps of the book report: (1) Writing version reading: In order to understand the essence of the original work more accurately, it is recommended to read the "complete book"; (2) Establishing a topic: Everyone can freely choose an angle he is most interested in to establish a topic according to his own reading experience; Choose a smaller angle and dig deeper; (3) Collect data: 1, and take notes on the original text: according to the topic, extract the relevant contents in the original text and make note cards; 2. Consult books and magazines ... >>
Question 4: What is the research report? Investigation report is an analysis of a situation, an event, an experience or a problem. Based on the investigation and understanding of its objective actual situation in practice, all the information and materials learned in the investigation are "removed from the rough and refined, removed from the false and preserved from the true, from this to the other, from the outside to the inside", revealing the essence, finding out the law, summing up the experience, and finally stating it in written form. This is the research report.
concept
The core of the research report is to reflect and analyze objective facts realistically. The research report mainly includes two parts: one is investigation, and the other is research. Investigation should go deep into reality, accurately reflect objective facts, do not rely on subjective imagination, understand things as they are, and possess materials in detail. Research, that is, on the basis of grasping objective facts, carefully analyzes and thoroughly reveals the essence of things. As for the countermeasures, some opinions can be put forward in the research report, but they are not the main ones. Because the formulation of countermeasures is an in-depth, complex and comprehensive research process, whether the countermeasures put forward in the research report are adopted or promoted to policies must be pre-evaluated by policies. The investigation report is the summary of the whole investigation work, including planning, implementation, collection and arrangement, the crystallization of the labor and wisdom of the investigation researchers, and one of the most important written achievements needed by customers. It is a form of communication and exchange, and its purpose is to convey the results of investigation and strategic suggestions to managers or other personnel who hold special positions. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the report writer to carefully write the investigation report, accurately analyze the investigation results and clearly give the investigation conclusion.
Edit the characteristics of this research report.
research report
1. Focus on the work priorities of a period and write according to the actual situation. 2. Speak with facts, based on fully conclusive facts, and don't exaggerate and make up. 3. Reveal the essence of things, summarize and analyze the investigated facts, reveal its essence and clarify the objective laws.
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Question 5: What is a research report? Research report: It is the information that decision makers and competent departments conduct specific investigation, research and analysis on various related elements, evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and benefit of the project, and put forward constructive suggestions and countermeasures before engaging in an important activity or decision. Main contents: 1. General introduction, including the project name, ways of utilizing foreign capital, organizers, competent departments, project leaders, project background, project conditions, etc. 2. Production and sales of products, including product name, specifications and performance, market demand, demonstration of production scale scheme, horizontal supporting scheme, product localization and sales mode, price, internal and external sales ratio, etc. 3. Selection and sources of major technologies and equipment, including comparative selection of technologies, processes and equipment, sources of technologies and equipment, and their conditions and responsibilities. 4. Site selection and fixed-point plan, including fixed-point conditions (natural conditions such as geographical location, meteorology and geology, existing conditions such as resources, energy and transportation, and their development conditions, etc.). ), the advantages and disadvantages of the selected site and the final selection conclusion. 5, enterprise organization and personnel training, including organization and personnel, personnel investment plan and source, training plan and requirements. 6. Environmental protection content. 7. Capital budget and its sources, including the investment proportion, capital composition and capital investment plan of the parties to the joint venture. 8. Comprehensive plan for project implementation, including project implementation process and construction organization plan. 9. Calculation and analysis of economic indicators, including static financial indicators analysis, sensitivity analysis and foreign exchange balance analysis. 10, comprehensive evaluation conclusion. Type and structure (1) Type 1, empirical research report 2, literature research report 3, theoretical research report (2) Structure title, signature, executive summary and keywords, preface, text, conclusion, notes and references, appendix 1, empirical research report: such as education investigation report, experimental report, etc. Mainly use facts to explain the problem, the materials strive to be specific and typical, informative and reliable, and the format is standardized. This kind of report requires the introduction and analysis of relevant information, data and typical cases, summing up experience, finding out laws, pointing out problems and making suggestions. This kind of research report pays attention to both theory and practice, and is often related to contact research methods. 2. Literature research report: mainly using literature as research materials, non-contact research methods as the main content, textual research, analysis, comparison and synthesis of literature as the main content, focusing on the information, progress and trend of a certain aspect of education, and commenting and summarizing articles as the main forms of expression. Generally used in educational history and literature review research. 3. Theoretical research report: a narrow paper. The main content is to explain the theoretical understanding of a certain thing and a certain problem, focusing on the nature and regularity of the research object. Unique views, novel opinions, profound philosophy, strict logic and personalized language style are its inherent characteristics. There is no empirical research process in theoretical research reports, so there are higher requirements for researchers' logical analysis ability and thinking level, as well as higher professional theoretical literacy.
Question 6: What is the purpose of writing a research report? Make an in-depth and detailed investigation and study on a certain situation, an event and a problem in social life, and then truthfully express the information obtained in the investigation and study, so as to reflect the feared situation, expose contradictions, reveal the law of development of things, provide lessons and improvement methods for people, and provide decision-making basis for relevant departments.
Question 7: How to write the research report 1? Title: including signature, unit and name.
2. Preface (1. The reason for raising this question. The significance of studying this problem. Problems to be solved) (You can also ask questions)
3. Research methods (research object, research aspect, data collection and arrangement)
4. Conclusion: Draw a conclusion from data processing and analysis.
Question 8: A complete investigation report generally includes four questions: what, what, investigation method, what, what, and so on. There are still some investigation methods, conditions and conclusions.
Question 9: What is a research study report and how to write it? Once you start writing a research report, it means that your research work is coming to an end. Some students are afraid to do this job and think that writing research reports is a very profound job. In fact, this job is just a research-oriented composition. As long as you keep in mind such a purpose: the center is prominent and concise, then no matter what kind of research report you write, you will succeed. The research report is not a diary, this report is for others to read. Therefore, you should think about how to express your work clearly from the perspective of the reader. You should let readers know quickly what you do, why you do it, what research steps you take, how to solve any problems you encounter, and what your conclusion is. There can be many kinds of research reports on inquiry learning, depending on what you study. The writing of the report is slightly different for different types of research. In high school, there are roughly the following types of research you have conducted: scientific experimental scientific experimental research report is actually an experimental report. In this kind of research report, you must show the reader: What is the purpose of your experiment? What is the experimental material? How was the experiment? What data have you got from the experiment? What do you do with the data? What conclusions are drawn from the data analysis? If necessary, explain the issues to be discussed to the readers. Research reports on the types of middle school students' reading reports should not be subject to too many restrictions. Anything you are interested in, you can look up the information, compile it in words and talk about some of your experiences. This is also a middle school study, but the method adopted is not the one verified by experiments. Don't limit the procedure of reading the report too much, but one thing must be emphasized: the content of your report must be related to the topic, and the content must be elaborated around the topic. It's best to add a title between each paragraph, and put different contents under different titles to make readers see at a glance. Social investigation Research-oriented social investigation covers a wide range, and any social phenomenon can be used as the content of our research study. However, there are still certain procedures for social investigation reports. Generally speaking, a social investigation report should include the following contents: purpose, method, time, sample, content, analysis of the questionnaire, analysis of the results, and put forward your own views. There are many kinds of research on design types, and the degree of research is different. Some designs may be epiphany, others need data collection and experiments, and research-based learning is mainly aimed at the latter. The forms of such research reports are also various, and there is no need to have the same format. But it should generally include the following contents: design purpose, design content, design guiding ideology, design finished product description, etc. In front of you, there are objects for your creativity everywhere. As long as you think more and think hard, you will find out all kinds of research topics. Simplified inquiry learning is a learning activity in which students choose and determine topics from nature, society and life under the guidance of teachers, and actively acquire knowledge, apply knowledge and solve problems in the research process. Inquiry learning requires students to have a certain foundation, that is, zero steps are demonstration and skill preparation. Skills include the use of tools, the structure and relationship of arguments, data collection and processing, communication skills and so on. The first step is to determine fate. The second step is preliminary preparation and discussion. The third step is to prepare the thesis. The fourth step is to report and comment on the topic name, subject field, topic type, instructor, start and end time, topic background, source: basic content, key points and difficulties: basic content: key points and difficulties: preset topic achievement form: ① topic report; 2 papers; ③ Learning plan of courseware research: ① Questionnaire survey; ② Visit teachers and parents; ③ Visit bookstores, newsstands and Internet cafes.