This refers to the mutual love between people. Confucius regards "benevolence" as the highest moral principle, standard and realm.
He was the first to integrate the whole moral standard and formed an ethical thought structure with "benevolence" as the core, including filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, forgiveness, courtesy, knowledge, courage, respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit. Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence and one of the basic pillars of benevolence's ideological system.
He proposed to devote himself to the realization of "benevolence", that is, the view of "killing one's body to become benevolence", which had a great influence on later generations. "The Analects of Confucius. Yan Yuan: "Fan Chi is benevolent.
Confucius said,' Love'. "and" self-denial.
A day of self-denial and self-denial, the world will return to benevolence. Wei Linggong: "Confucius said:' A benevolent person is benevolent, and there is no harm to benevolence, but killing himself is benevolence. "
"Zhuangzi Zaiyi": "If you are close, you can't be wide, and benevolence is also benevolent." Qing Tan Stone's theory of benevolence: "Benevolence is the source of all things in the world, so it is modest and empty."
The appearance of benevolence is an ethical expression of great changes in social relations, and an ethical summary of the relationship between children and fathers, between monarch and ministers and the state, so it is rich in content. From another point of view, Ren's thought is the result of the development of social productive forces, which will inevitably lead to the change of production relations and the drastic change of interpersonal relations, thus leading to the situation of "ritual collapse and bad music".
After the previous ceremony was destroyed, people of insight came forward to seek a new ideal relationship between people. In this way, Confucius selected, refined and synthesized a large number of ideological materials about benevolence in the Spring and Autumn Period, making benevolence truly a category, and taking this as a logical starting point, he constructed the early Confucian ideological system.
Before Confucius put forward the systematic idea of benevolence, there were many records of benevolence in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Shu Tian Yu says: "Beauty and benevolence", and The Book of Songs Qifeng Luling says: "People are beautiful and benevolence". Both of them mention benevolence and are related to the word beauty. Obviously, here, benevolence means elegance and elegance, which means "gentleness, courtesy and frugality, and then gentleness".
The history books say that "Shi Ren and Kao can be versatile and serve ghosts and gods", "Shi Ren and Kao" means "Shi Ren and Qiao", and "Qiao" means versatility, which is what the Analects of Confucius says: "If you have the beauty of Zhou Gong's talents, you will be arrogant and stingy, and the rest will be insufficient." "Guoyu Yu Jin Yi": "Love relatives means benevolence", and benevolence is reflected in the relationship between father and son, that is, love relatives means filial piety.
Shen Sheng refused to escape in Yu Jin II, saying that "benevolence does not blame the monarch" and "it is cruel to blame the monarch for fleeing to death". Benevolence is embodied in dealing with the relations between countries, that is, protecting small countries and helping neighboring countries.
In addition, benevolence and other meaning. For example, "Guoyu Yujin II" says that "benefiting the country is benevolence".
It can be seen that the scope of benevolence is quite extensive, which includes various specific codes of conduct based on patriarchal ethics. At that time, he was already involved in the relationship between people. It is on this basis that Confucius further put forward the ethical and moral significance of benevolence.
1. Compassion and friendship: benevolence, forbearance. 2. The closest part to the stone: almonds. Ruthless: (1) Ruthless, heartless and immoral, such as heartless and unjust. (2) Paralysis of hands and feet, used in sports: insensitive, heartless. 3. Man and Benevolence "at first there was only a herringbone, but later they fell in love." Benevolence can be interpreted as' benevolence' or as a human being.
I think the word "self-denial" should be interpreted as "human". On the basis of Confucius' words, the word "filial piety" in the Analects of Confucius is the essence of benevolence, "knowing its benevolence by observing its past" and "benevolence in a well", which should be interpreted as "human".
However, the average scholar takes his words as benevolence, mostly takes qu as the solution, and asks what he says, but not to the point. Therefore, in the last example, I should interpret the word "benevolence" as "human".
Otherwise, there is benevolence in the well, and it is difficult to understand benevolence. Taking other works as circumstantial evidence, it can be seen that man and benevolence are synonymous.
For example, the Book of Rites says that people also say that they are loyal to others. Man and benevolence are synonyms ... The so-called "benevolent, benevolent loves others" in The Analects of Confucius is based on this meaning.
They all have the same origin and close relationship with human and benevolence. It's hard to convince people to interpret benevolence as' benevolence' "(quoted from Huang Xianfan's A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books-Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan, 464-465 pages, Guangxi Normal University Press, July 2004) 4. Benevolence is two words, and this meaning can be seen from the shape of this word.
Then why did you write this word like this? What do the ancients mean? I think it is right to say "I am for everyone and everyone is for me". I hurt everyone, and everyone will hurt me. "
Abbreviation In this sentence, two people are used twice.
So it means benevolence. Benevolence is a way.
[Edit this paragraph] The core of Confucianism-"benevolence": the highest principle of China's Confucian ethics and the theoretical core of Confucius' ideological system. The original meaning of "benevolence" refers to friendly relations between people.
Confucius defined "benevolence" as "love" and explained: "A kind person wants to build himself, and he wants to realize it." "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." When Confucius answered Zhang Wenren, he also said, "Being able to do five things in the world is benevolence", and the five things are courtesy, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit.
Mencius developed Confucius' thought, linked benevolence and synonyms, and regarded benevolence and righteousness as the highest criterion of moral behavior. Its "benevolence" refers to the human heart, that is, everyone has "compassion" and kindness; Its "righteousness" refers to the road, and "righteousness is the right way for people".
Confucius' central idea is that a benevolent person shows that he wants to stand, while others want to achieve what they want, and don't do to others what they don't want him to do. Benevolence is the noumenon, which is manifested in the concrete behavior of filial piety to parents, caring for brothers, trusting friends, faithfully serving the country and caring for the people. "Benevolence" is the core of Confucianism, which has a great influence on the development of China's culture and society. The word "benevolence" first appeared in the Confucian classic "Shangshu Jinteng": "Take the test with benevolence."
Benevolence refers to good morality. Confucius first regarded benevolence as the highest moral standard of Confucianism and put forward a set of theories with benevolence as the core.
The content of benevolence covers a wide range, and the core is love. Benevolence is subordinate to others, that is, people exist, help each other and love each other, so its basic meaning refers to respect and love for others.
Confucianism applied benevolence to politics and formed the theory of benevolent governance, which is obvious to all in the history of China's political thought development.
2. A benevolent ancient poem, a poem "Stone Cong" with 7 words and 4 lines, Wu Zetian and the Tang Dynasty.
Three mountains and ten caves, grotesque and mysterious, Jinlian Town is slightly purple.
Dew and frost are better than soil, and wind and rain are listed in the imperial city.
The high rocks in Wan Ren hide the color of the sun, and the secluded stream of Chihiro is bathed in clouds.
And enjoy benevolence and wisdom at the banquet, carving saddles and flying in the night.
September 10th, Li Yutang.
When I wake up in the rain and autumn, I feel uneasy.
Yellow flowers are cold and not beautiful, and red leaves beat drums.
Back on earth, I can hate vulgarity, and I have not forgotten my affection.
Since the sideburns are all white, I'm surprised not to learn from An Ren.
Feng He Sheng Zhi Wei Xing Li Si Villa Should be Built.
Date: Tang Author:
Xijing, the sun supports, and a good pond in the eastern suburbs.
Since it is not a kind reward, Ann can return to the light of the sun and the moon.
There are so many classical Chinese texts with Chinese characters. ..............
Confucius said, "The country is a thousand times as big as it is, respecting things and believing, saving and loving others, and making the people timely."
Confucius said, "Disciple, if you enter, you will be filial; if you leave, you will be sincere; if you believe, you will believe; if you love others all the time, you will be kind. I have spare capacity to study literature. "
Qin Zi asked Zi Gong, "Master, as for the country, we will hear about its politics and make peace." Depressed? Zi Gong said, "Master is gentle, courteous and frugal. What does the owner want and what do others want? "
A Confucius said, "Harmony is the most precious thing. Wang Zhidao is the first, Sri Lanka is beautiful; Small and big. If you can't do it, then knowing and combining is not feasible. Don't mention it. "
Confucius said, "Governing the country by virtue is like Beichen, living in its place and surrounded by stars."
Confucius said, "The Book of Songs is 300. In a word, it is' naive thinking'.
Confucius said: "If the Tao is political, it will be punished and the people will avoid it." : Morality, courtesy, honesty and shame, and qualification. "
…………
This is just the opening paragraph of The Analects. ...
4. Yelu people preach classical Chinese first, read Yelu people first, and correct their neighbors. Their real names are Zara and descendants of Meng Fufang. My father, Yelugui, was the prime minister of the Southern Courtyard, sealing the Prince of Yan.
Renxian is burly and handsome, full of wisdom and strategy. Chongxi was a guard for three years (1034). Emperor Xingzong talked with him about politics and thought he was very talented. Renxian, because of his rare love in his life, has nothing to hide. He was awarded the rank of general, moved to the front of the temple, and was appointed by Hela as our envoy to the ancient department of the Tang Dynasty, and was soon recruited as Linya in the north.
In the eleventh year (1042), he was promoted to the rank of deputy envoy of the northern government. At that time, the Song Dynasty demanded to increase the silver wire of the New Year's money in exchange for the land ownership of the ten counties. In the Song Dynasty, Ren Xian and Liu still insisted on using the word "Gong" in the New Year's money literature. Song people refused. Ren Xian said, "In the past, the Jin Dynasty repaid its favor by ceding land for sacrifice, and the Zhou people forcibly seized it. It is clear who is right and who is wrong, how to do it is beneficial and how to do it is harmful. " So it was agreed to add 100,000 pieces of silver and 100,000 pieces of silk, still called "tribute". After returning to China, Comrade Ren stayed in Nanjing.
Thirteen years (1044), Xia Dongzheng, first guarding the border. Soon, the Khitan palace was fully deployed, and the Prince, Fu Cha and the palace chores were exempted. In the sixteenth year (1047), he moved to the North Campus as the king, claiming that Fannie and Freddie now had numerous and rich accounts, and asked to be exempted from other departments to help them hold their posts. In the eighteenth year (1049), the soldiers were transferred again to attack the summer, and Ren Xian and Huang Taidi were appointed as forwards. Xiao Hui lost in Henan, and the emperor wanted to join the army and fight again. Ren Xian tried to remonstrate and resist, so the emperor stopped the invasion. Later, he served as the Tang ambassador of Zhibeiyuan and moved to Tokyo for temporary residence. Relying on the dangerous terrain, Nuzhen constantly invaded and plundered, and Renxian asked for the control of the mountain communication road to let the border people live and work in peace. Make him king of Wu.
In the early Qing Dynasty, he served as the Tang envoy of the South Hospital. Because of his brother Yeluhua's framing, he was demoted to deputy marshal of Nanjing military forces, guarding Qiu and renamed Sui King. In six years (1060), he once again served as the king of the North Courtyard, and the people walked hundreds of miles to welcome him, just like seeing their father and brother. At that time, the officials of the Southern Courtyard in Nei Lu, such as Gu and Xiao, were jealous of him, and asked the Daozong Emperor to let Renxian serve as the recruiting envoy of Northwest Road. Ye Luyixin said: "Benevolence is an old minister, and his ambition to win the championship is unparalleled. He should not be appointed as a foreign official in Beijing. " He was appointed as the Tang envoy of the South Courtyard and changed to Xu Wang.
Nine years (1063) in July, the emperor went hunting in Taizi Mountain, and Yeluliang rose up against Yuan Zhong. The emperor called Ren Xian to talk to him about it. Ren Xian said, "Such people are cruel and vicious. I have long suspected him. " The emperor urged Ren Xian to look for it. Ren Xian went out of the palace and said, "Your Majesty, be careful!" Before he could get dressed, Joong-won attacked the palace. When the emperor was going to the north and south courtyards, Ren Xian said, "If your majesty leaves his entourage and goes out alone, thieves will come after him, and the hearts of the north and south kings are unknown." Ren Xian's son Tart also said, "How can the emperor's own ideas violate the rules?" Renxian got angry and hit him on the head. When the emperor understood this, he handed over the punishment of thieves to Ren Xian. So the carriage was arranged as a camp, and the horses were removed (the wooden barricade in front of the official residence) to make weapons. Ren Xian led more than 30 subordinate officials to tie a knot outside the horse. When the war broke out, most thieves surrendered. Nei Lu fell off his horse in the middle reaches of Gushu River, but was captured alive. Chongyuan retreated with injuries. Ren Xian felt that the small tower of the Fifth Hospital lived recently, so he quickly called him and sent someone to separate the troops. At dawn, Chongyuan led two thousand Xi people to attack the palace, and Xiao Tara's military forces just arrived. Let's anticipate that the enemy won't last long, and wait for him to be discouraged before attacking him. So he set up his camp and seized the opportunity to attack bravely. The thieves ran away and scattered. Ren Xian led the troops after more than twenty miles, Zhong Yuan and several riders fled. The emperor held Ren Xian's hand and said, "This riot is all your credit." His father is still the same. He was appointed as the King of the Song Dynasty and served as the envoy of the Northern Academy of Tang Dynasty. He personally wrote a letter for him to express his gratitude and ordered him to draw a map of the Luanhe River in recognition of his contribution.
In the first year of Xianyong (1065), it was added to Yue and renamed Liao Wang. Preside over the secretarial affairs of the North Hospital together with Yeluyixin. Yixin relied on his luck and acted illegally. Ren Xian stopped him, and he was jealous, so he was banished to Nanjing and became the king of Jin. The benevolent first pities the lonely and forbids evil, and the Song people are afraid of it. People who say that he thinks that Ren Xian is the only person who can make the Song people afraid of him since Yue Xiuge.
In order to prevent Buttarigan from betraying the king's orders, Ren Xian served as the recruitment envoy of Northwest Road, and gave Ying Niu drink and Fang Jian. The emperor said, "You are too far away from the imperial court. If we make it clear before every action, I'm afraid we will lose the opportunity. You can act randomly and act first. " Renxian closely set up scouts (watchtowers) to guard the enemy's fortresses, trap and appease obedient tribes, and all kinds of government affairs were orderly. Tarikan invaded again, and Renxian met him and pursued him for more than eighty miles. The army then arrived and defeated Talikan. Other generals, such as Reese and Bald, came to save Tarrigan. Seeing repeated defeats, he dared not fight again and surrendered. The northern border will be calm.
In the eighth year (1072), Ren Xian died at the age of 60, leaving his family with a thin burial. Brother's righteousness comes first, faith comes first, and you can't blame others.