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New development paper of artificial intelligence
This paper holds that computer science and artificial intelligence will be the main power sources for the development of 2 1 century logic, and will largely determine the appearance of 2 1 century logic. At least at the beginning of the 20th century (1), the logic society paid attention to the following topics: (1) How to deal with the coordination, non-monotonicity and fault tolerance of common sense reasoning in logic? (2) How to make robots have human creative intelligence, such as establishing inductive judgments from empirical evidence to guide future actions? (3) How to represent and reason knowledge, especially reasoning based on existing knowledge base and knowledge between cognitive subjects? (4) How to combine various contextual factors for natural language understanding and reasoning, so that intelligent robots can successfully communicate with people in their natural language? Wait a minute. [Keywords:] Artificial intelligence, common sense reasoning, inductive logic, generalized connotative logic, cognitive logic, natural language logic Modern logic was founded at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, and its development power mainly comes from the axiomatic movement in mathematics. Mathematicians at that time tried to deduce other mathematical theorems from a few axioms according to the clearly given deductive rules, so as to build the whole mathematics into a strict deductive building, and then prove the reliability of the mathematical system once and for all with some program and method. Therefore, it is necessary to invent and forge rigorous, accurate and applicable logic tools. This is the main motive force for the birth of modern logic. The consequence of this is the serious mathematicization of logic research in the 20 th century, which is manifested as follows: first, logic focuses on the problems raised in the process of mathematical formalization; Second, logic adopts mathematical methodology, and engaging in logic research is to solve problems with strict formal proof like mathematics. The logic developed from this is properly called "mathematical logic", which strengthens the depth of logic research, makes the development of logic enter the third peak after ancient Greek logic and European medieval logic, and has a very important impact on the whole modern science, especially mathematics, philosophy, linguistics and computer science. The question to be discussed in this paper is: Where will the main driving force for the development of 2 1 century logic come from? How will it develop in general? My personal opinion is that computer science and artificial intelligence will at least be the main power sources for the development of logic in the early 2 1 century, which will determine another face of logic in 2 1 century. Because artificial intelligence to simulate human intelligence, its difficulty lies not in all kinds of inevitable reasoning carried out by the human brain (which has been basically done in the 20th century, such as high-difficulty and high-intensity mathematical proof by computer, and "Deep Blue" plays chess with world champions through high-speed large-scale calculation), but in the initiative and creative thinking that best reflects the characteristics of human intelligence, which includes factors such as learning, selection, trying, correction and reasoning. For example, selectively collect relevant empirical evidence, make tentative judgments or choices on the basis of insufficient information, and constantly adjust and correct your behavior according to environmental feedback, so as to achieve the success of practice. Therefore, logic will have to study people's thinking activities in an all-round way, and focus on all kinds of uncertain reasoning that can best reflect the dynamic characteristics of people's thinking, and the logic theory developed from this will also have stronger applicability. In fact, in the middle and late 20th century, the integration and infiltration between modern logic and artificial intelligence (AI) began. For example, many topics of philosophical logic research have important application value in theoretical computer and artificial intelligence. AI has gained a lot of resources from cognitive psychology, social science and decision science, but logic (including philosophical logic) plays a particularly prominent role in AI. Some reasons urge philosophical logicians to develop theories about non-mathematical reasoning; For almost the same reason, AI researchers are also making similar explorations, and these two aspects of research are approaching each other, learning from each other and even gradually merging together. For example, AI pays special attention to the following topics: reasoning with limited efficiency and resources; Perception; Plan and plan approval; Reasoning about the knowledge and beliefs of others; Mutual knowledge among cognitive subjects; Natural language understanding; Knowledge representation; Accurate handling of common sense; Dealing with uncertainty and fault-tolerant reasoning; Reasoning about time and causality; Explain or explain; Logic in 2 1 century should also pay attention to these problems and study them. In order to do this, logicians need to be familiar with the requirements of AI and its related progress, so that their research results can be applied in AI. In my opinion, at least at the beginning of the 20th century, logic will focus on the following areas, and there may be great achievements in these areas: (1) How to deal with the coordination, non-monotonicity and fault tolerance factors of common sense reasoning in logic? (2) How to make robots have human creative intelligence, such as establishing inductive judgments from empirical evidence to guide future actions? (3) How to represent and reason knowledge, especially reasoning based on existing knowledge base and knowledge between cognitive subjects? (4) How to combine various contextual factors for natural language understanding and reasoning, so that intelligent robots can successfully communicate with people in their natural language? Wait a minute.