Tin mine, known as the antimony capital of China, is one of the rare large-scale rich mines in China. In the early 1960s, due to the backward mining technology, the room and pillar mining method with top coal caving was still adopted, which caused a lot of resource losses. At that time, the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Metallurgy) organized an expert seminar and decided to test a new mining method-pillar room and pillar, replacing roof ore with metal anchor. This is the first time that bolt is used for stope support in China, and safety is the key to the test at that time. Yu Runcang served as the deputy head of the experimental group, put forward the specific design scheme, and worked out the operation procedures together with the mine. During the period from 196 1 to 1963, he insisted on leading and participating in the experiment. Together with the comrades in the experimental group, he sometimes even risked his life to check the roof safety in the goaf every day, analyze the monitoring data and master a lot of first-hand information. After unremitting efforts, the experiment was finally successful, the new method was popularized and applied, and the ore loss rate was reduced by 40%. 1978 The project won the National Science Conference Award.
Tongkuangyu Copper Mine of Zhongtiaoshan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. is a super-large low-grade deposit with a copper grade of only 0.6% and no other valuable metals. The original design adopted sublevel caving method with bottom pillar. Due to the heavy workload of mining and cutting, low production capacity of ore blocks and high mining cost, the mine loses 8 million ~100000 yuan every year. Experts have demonstrated and discussed the countermeasures many times. Yu Runcang advocates changing mining methods, introducing ore block caving technology, and organizing joint scientific and technological research, developing and perfecting the method that foreigners still rely on experience to determine important indexes and parameters such as caving and predict caving fragmentation into a scientific design method that relies on rock mechanics and computer data simulation, and drawing up five scientific and technological research topics. As the leader of the consulting expert group, he participated in guiding, reviewing and coordinating the technical scheme of the project. This project is listed as a national key scientific and technological project during the Seventh Five-Year Plan. Through the joint efforts of many units, the test of the new method was successful, and the mining cost was reduced by 30%. At the same time, it has provided a large number of scientific research achievements with international advanced level, making copper mines turn losses into profits. 1995 The project won the first prize of scientific and technological progress of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation and the second prize of national scientific and technological progress.
Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Company (hereinafter referred to as Jinchuan) is the largest production base of nickel, diamond and platinum group metals in China. Yu Runcang participated in the design of 1973 Jinchuan project and served as the person in charge of mining engineering. At that time, the second mining area was being developed and designed, which was rich in resources and high in grade, and was the main mine in Jinchuan. However, the mining conditions are extremely complicated due to the large-scale ore body, deep burial, broken ore and rock, large ground pressure, poor ore grade and rich ore grade. According to the traditional mining sequence, caving method should be used to mine lean ore from top to bottom. In this way, for a long time, only 25,000 tons of electrolytic nickel could be produced each year, which could not meet the urgent demand for nickel in the whole country at that time. Therefore, only by "enriching the rich and ensuring the poor" can we increase the output of nickel and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. However, at that time, there was a great controversy about whether the poor ore could be protected technically. After Yu Runcang presided over the design of Jinchuan No.2 mining area, he analyzed the relevant experience of mining under water, buildings and roads, and successfully developed a new technology of high concentration cemented filling through experimental research. He thinks it is feasible to "collect the rich and protect the poor", so he designs according to this scheme. In the process of capital construction, the roadway often collapses and the progress is very slow. Yu Runcang, together with relevant comrades, used the theory of "New Austrian Tunneling Method" for reference, put forward that the roadway section should be changed from a three-center arch with a high straight wall to an arc arch with a curved wall, and the back cover should be added when necessary, and the concrete precast block support should be changed to a double-layer shotcrete-anchor net support with "soft before hard" to monitor and determine the time of secondary support. According to this scheme, the field test was carried out, which was successful and widely popularized.
Another difficult problem encountered in the design of Jinchuan No.2 mining area is production capacity. According to the ore and rock conditions of the second mining area, the downward cemented filling mining method can only be used to "mine the rich and ensure the poor", which is usually used for the mining of high-grade small ore bodies or pillars. However, the maximum horizontal area of No.2 mining area 1 orebody is over 654.38+10,000 square meters, and there is no precedent in the world for adopting downward filling method in an all-round way. Yu Runcang suggested that a number of advanced technologies from Sweden should be fully introduced to achieve this goal and the No.2 mining area should be built into a modern mine. Under his auspices, through rock mechanics research and finite element data simulation, in order to adjust stress distribution and maintain regional stability, mechanized panel downward cemented filling mining method was adopted, and at the same time, large equipment such as 6 cubic meters scraper and fully hydraulic double-engine rock drilling rig were equipped, so that the panel production capacity was increased from 60 ~ 100 tons/day of the traditional method to 800 ~ 65438+. Under the same conditions, the production capacity of underground metal mines in China is 30% ~ 40% lower than that in developed countries. The above achievements have laid a foundation for Jinchuan No.2 Mining Area to realize the production capacity of 8,000 tons/day and eliminate this comprehensive gap. Therefore, the profit and tax of Jinchuan Nickel Mine increased by 654.38 billion yuan every year, and the metal loss decreased by 654.38+05%. Yu Runcang creatively solved various technical problems in the mining design of Jinchuan nickel mine and made great contributions to the comprehensive development and utilization of Jinchuan resources. 1987 won the special prize for comprehensive utilization of Jinchuan resources and the first prize for national scientific and technological progress in the design of mining, dressing and metallurgy joint enterprises respectively.
Create a new technology of high concentration cemented filling
The appearance of cemented filling technology has solved the technical problems of mining many complex deposits in the world. Cemented filling in mines in China started late. The horizontal sand silo used in 1960s is difficult to control its concentration and flow rate, and the labor intensity of operators is high. After the reform and opening up, Jiaojia Gold Mine introduced the vertical sand bin, which marked that the cemented filling technology in China entered a great development period. At that time, the industrial test of vertical sand bin was listed as the key joint research project of the Ministry of Metallurgy, and Yu Runcang served as the head of the filling group and participated in the whole process of the test. During the test, the factors such as tailings classification, sand concentration and flow rate, filling body strength and so on were deeply studied. In order to master the law of sand concentration, he personally operated the sand bin pulping feng shui valve, sometimes for more than ten hours. A large number of first-hand data confirm that the vertical sand silo is simple in technology, stable in sand discharge concentration and flow rate, and easy to realize automatic control. Because of mastering the sand production law, the operation rules of vertical sand silo mixing station and the detailed rules of stope filling technology are formulated. After hard work, the industrial test of vertical sand silo in Jiaojia Gold Mine was a complete success. 1982 project won the second prize of scientific and technological progress of Ministry of Metallurgy. Since then, the vertical sand bin graded tailings cemented filling technology has been widely used in dozens of gold and non-ferrous metal mines in China.
Similar to the legend of the invention of the saw and the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, Yu Runcang initiated the origin of high-concentration cemented filling technology, which was an unexpected power outage in the experiment. At that time, the indoor circulation test of filling slurry pipeline transportation in Jinchuan No.2 mining area was coming to an end. When the mud concentration has increased to a high level, the power supply is suddenly cut off, and everyone is worried about pipeline blockage. Yu Runcang has been staring at the observation tube. He found that the solid particles in the slurry did not precipitate. Power supply was restored after 20 minutes, and the pipeline was not blocked. It's incredible! He won't let go of this accidental discovery, and he must get to the bottom of it. So I changed my plan and decided to continue the experiment. After more than two years, after repeated experiments and theoretical research, they finally confirmed that when the slurry concentration increases to a certain limit, the rheological characteristics of the slurry are no longer restricted by inertia force and can flow normally at low speed. This new discovery breaks the foreign assertion that when the volume concentration exceeds 49%, the pipeline will be blocked immediately. Therefore, the definition of "high concentration", the new concept of "critical fluid concentration" and the factors affecting "critical fluid concentration" are put forward. Yu Runcang wrote the article "Influence of slurry concentration on cemented filling of fine sand", which perfected and developed the theory of cemented filling, provided a new theoretical basis for the design of filling system in the future, and also brought great changes to cemented filling technology. The application of the research results in Jinchuan Nickel Mine proves that compared with the filling system designed according to the two-phase flow theory, the high-concentration filling system can improve the filling strength by 30% ~ 80%, or at the same strength, it can reduce the cement consumption by 20% ~ 30%, thus reducing the filling cost. At the same time, because the slurry does not segregate, the underground environmental pollution is greatly improved, and its technology is at the international leading level. After the successful test of high concentration cemented filling in Jinchuan No.2 mining area, this technology has been popularized and applied in Jiaojia Gold Mine and Anqing Copper Mine. 1985, because of this achievement, Yu Runcang won the first prize of scientific and technological progress of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation and the second prize of national scientific and technological progress.
At the end of 1980s, China imported the latest full tailings paste filling pump from Germany, which started another new milestone in the development of cemented filling technology in Jinchuan No.2 mining area. With the participation and sponsorship of Runcang, the rheological model of the whole tailings paste is determined to be Herschel-bakri body by using rheological theory. Jinchuan No.2 Mining Area has completed the industrial test of new technology and equipment for paste filling with all tailings, and achieved remarkable economic benefits, with cement consumption reduced by 35% ~ 50% and filling cost reduced by 47%. Paste filling material not only does not segregate, but also does not need dehydration after being pumped into the stope, and its volume does not shrink, so it has good roof connection performance. Therefore, it creates a brand-new good environment for underground operation. The industrial experiment (1992) won the first prize of scientific and technological progress of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation, and has been popularized and applied in the protection project of Tonglushan Copper Mine's ancient mine site. According to experts' evaluation, this technology fills a gap in the field of mine filling in China and reaches the international advanced level.
Through years of design and scientific research practice and investigation of mines at home and abroad, Yu Runcang summarized the development of cemented filling technology into three stages, namely hydraulic filling, high concentration filling and paste filling. The domestic hydraulic filling stage is a graded tailings cemented filling system represented by vertical sand bin in Jiaojia Gold Mine, which is characterized by simple process and is still the technology adopted by many non-ferrous metals and gold mines. The typical feature of high concentration cemented filling stage represented by rod mill filling system in Jinchuan No.2 mining area is that the filling material does not segregate. Later, this technology developed into high-concentration cemented filling of graded tailings in Anqing copper mine and Jiaojia gold mine. At present, the problem of concentration has attracted more and more attention from the industry at home and abroad. Paste filling is to make whole tailings (sometimes containing aggregate) into paste and pump it to the filling area. Its remarkable feature is that the slurry entering the goaf does not need to be dehydrated. The main problem of this new technology is that the filling pump has not been made in China, and the initial investment is large, but the filling cost is greatly reduced. The high water curing filling process developed in parallel with it is difficult to popularize because it needs special additives and increases the filling cost. Yu Runcang's division of three stages of cemented filling technology shows that slurry concentration is the key to cemented filling technology. With the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection and the localization of paste filling pump, paste filling with all tailings will have a broad application prospect.