As we all know, modern diplomacy began with the independence of western nation-states, while the diplomacy of "nation-states first" began with French Cardinal Li Sailiu. Li Sailiu had a far-reaching influence on modern diplomacy. From the defeat of Napoleon's Battle of Waterloo to the Vienna Conference, metternich's diplomacy adhered to the principle of European coordination, that is, the conservative forces in Europe were United because the same national interests contained the revolutionary forces.
After the reunification of Germany, Bismarck broke the balance of power diplomacy and pursued the "realistic political principle", that is, formulating national foreign policy according to national strength and interests. As Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, said, "There are no eternal friends between countries, only eternal interests". After China was forced to open its doors in 1840, it actually gradually became a semi-colony of the western powers, and it was the object of contention by the powers. As the saying goes, "a weak country has no diplomacy", before the founding of New China, China basically had no independent diplomacy of its own. What we want to discuss here is the change of China's foreign policy after 1949.
After the founding of New China, due to ideological reasons and national interests, China pursued a one-sided foreign policy, that is, forming an alliance with the Soviet Union against the western capitalist world. 1960, due to the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, China became a "third world spokesman" who was both anti-American imperialists and anti-Su Xiu. Facts have proved that this policy of relying solely on ideology at the expense of national interests is not desirable. 1960- 197 1 China pursues an isolationist foreign policy aimed at safeguarding national sovereignty.
1972 Nixon's visit to China broke the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union and formed the triangular relationship between China, the United States and the Soviet Union. China and the United States joined forces to confront the Soviet Union at that time and curb its expansion. This historic diplomatic change has had a great impact on the development of China. China no longer bases its foreign policy on ideology, but on national interests. Because the improvement of relations with the United States has objectively promoted China's reform and opening up.
China has gradually integrated into the international economic order. Today, China's foreign policy is developed on this basis. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States became a superpower. Although Russia has lost its glory, it still has some influence on the world. Europe is still a long way from the formation of a country, and it cannot form a unified political entity. But the EU has always wanted to unite to get rid of American influence. Since Japan became the second economic power in the world from 65438 to 0968, it has been pursuing to restore its normal national status in order to change its international status as an "economic giant and political dwarf".
With the economic rise, India also wants to pursue the status of a big country and dominate South Asia. Dealing with the relations with these countries is the focus of contemporary China's diplomacy. And the relationship with the United States is the top priority. As we all know, the United States is the only superpower in the world today, and has been playing a veritable role of "world police" since World War II. Although some scholars say that the United States is in decline, such as "9 1 1", the Iraq war and the current financial crisis, it still has unparalleled super strength.