According to the requirements of "China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Standard (Trial)" and "China Social Science Journals Arrangement Standard (Revised Edition)", many publications distinguish between references and annotations, and define annotations as "words that further explain or supplement a certain content in the text", which are listed at the end of the article, separated from references or placed in the footer.

References are continuously coded with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets. If the file is referenced repeatedly, it is marked with the same serial number in the text.

The page number (or page number range) of the cited document is listed in the reference. The format is "publication year" of the work or "year, volume (issue)"+":page number (or page number range) of the periodical.

For documents cited many times, list the page number or page number range of each reference in the serial number tag (some publications also regard the information that can indicate the location of the cited documents as page numbers) and put them in square brackets (only numbers are listed, without words and characters such as "P" or "page"; The line in the middle of the page number range is a half-word line) and marked with superscript.

If the serial number of a reference appearing as text needs to be followed by a page number or a page number range, the page number or page number range should also be superscript. Authors and editors need to carefully check the serial numbers of references under the sequential coding system, so that the serial numbers are consistent with the list of references after the marked documents are exactly the same. In addition, the page number or page number range of references should also be accurate.

Extended data:

Document comments:

Types of references: monographs [M], essays [C], newspaper articles [N], journal articles [J], dissertations [D], reports [R], standards [S], patents [P], and precipitated documents in the collection of papers [A].

Types of electronic documents: database [DB], computer [CP], electronic bulletin [EB]

The carrier types of electronic documents: Internet [OL], CD [CD], magnetic tape [MT] and disk [DK].

A. Monographs, papers, papers and reports

[serial number] Principal. Title of the document [Document Type ID]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Starting and ending page numbers (optional)

Liu Guojun, Chen Shaoye. Library catalogue [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,1957.15-18.

B. Journal articles

【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [J]. Publication name, year, volume (issue): page numbers.

[1] He Lingxiu. Read the history of Nanming [J]. Study on the History of China, 1998, (3): 167- 173.

Ou Jianping, Song Tietao, et al. New progress in application research of passive energy dissipation system [J]. Earth Gaga Project,1997,38 (3): 358-361.

Baidu Encyclopedia-References