With the continuous development of engineering technology, the negative effects of engineering technology are increasingly prominent. The emergence of a series of problems, such as environmental pollution and energy crisis, makes engineering ethics, which is most closely related to engineering technology, become a widespread concern in engineering, philosophy and society. Engineers must abide by engineering ethics, have a sense of social responsibility, correct values, interests and strong ethical awareness in engineering activities, in order to consciously shoulder the ethical responsibility of safeguarding the common interests of mankind.

I. Code of Engineering Ethics

After 1970s, engineering ethics gradually attracted the attention of engineering and philosophy. Domestic research on this issue began in the late 1990s.

Engineering ethics is about "the study of moral principles and codes of conduct of engineering technicians (including technicians, assistant engineers, engineers and senior engineers) in engineering activities, including engineering design and construction, engineering operation and maintenance" [1]. Engineering ethics is "derived from engineering problems. Raising engineering problems to the moral level will not only help improve the moral quality and level of engineering and technical personnel; It also helps to ensure the engineering quality and avoid the engineering risks to the maximum extent "[1]. The importance of engineering ethics lies in that it is not only conducive to correcting the one-sided understanding of engineering ethics in the current engineering field, but also conducive to effectively restraining and supervising engineering activities and educating decision makers and participants in engineering activities.

Engineering ethics is a moral norm to adjust the relationship between engineering and technology, engineering and society, and an ethical principle that must be observed in the engineering field. The "moral standard" of engineering ethics is the moral requirement for engineering technicians engaged in engineering design, construction and management. Its main ethics are: responsibility, fairness, safety and risk. The first two are universal ethical principles, and the last two are unique principles of engineering ethics "[1]. Engineering ethics studies the professional ethics quality, code of conduct and ethical control mechanism of engineers. On the basis of fully summarizing the moral requirements of engineering activities and engineering technology practice, this paper puts forward the moral literacy and ethical norms that engineers and other engineering and technical workers should have.

Technical ethics refers to the ethical orientation of technical behavior, which makes technical subjects (including technical designers, technical producers and sellers, technical consumers) consider not only the possibility of technology, but also the legality of its activities, means and consequences. Through the ethical regulation of technological behavior, we can coordinate the ethical relationship between technological development and the tension between people and society [2].

Modern engineering is increasingly unable to get rid of technology as a means of activity, and more and more complex modern technology needs to be realized by engineering. The difference between technology and engineering is relative. Under certain conditions, the difference between technology and engineering is meaningful. The difference between technical ethics and engineering ethics is also relative. Technical ethics focuses on solving ethical problems in technical activities, and it is a moral value goal to study the moral principles, norms and pursuits that people should follow in technical activities based on interests. Engineering ethics focuses on solving ethical problems in engineering activities. The scope of application of technical ethics and engineering ethics is different.

The author believes that engineering ethics includes the following aspects.

First, the people-oriented principle. People-oriented means taking people as the main body, taking people as the premise, taking people as the driving force and taking people as the purpose. People-oriented is the core of engineering ethics and the most basic ethical principle for engineers to deal with various ethical relations in engineering activities. It reflects engineers' concern for human interests and their love and respect for the vast majority of social members. The principle of people-oriented engineering ethics means that engineering construction should be conducive to people's welfare, improve people's living standards and improve people's quality of life.

Second, the principle of caring for life. The principle of caring for life requires engineers to respect people's right to life, which means that protecting people's lives should always be placed in an important position, which means not supporting the research and development of projects aimed at destroying people's lives and not engaging in the design and development of projects that endanger people's health. This is the most basic moral requirement for engineers and the fundamental basis of all engineering ethics. It is the most basic moral requirement of human beings to respect people's right to life rather than deprive them of it.

Third, the principle of safety and reliability. In engineering design and implementation, with a highly responsible attitude towards human life, the safety performance and labor protection measures of products are fully considered, and engineers are required to consider safety and reliability when carrying out engineering and technical activities that are harmless to human beings.

Fourth, the principle of caring for nature. Engineering and technical personnel should adhere to the principle of ecological ethics in engineering activities and not engage in and develop projects that may destroy or harm the ecological environment. Engineering activities carried out by engineers should be conducive to the benign development of natural life and ecosystem and improve environmental quality. Protect in development and develop in protection. In engineering activities, we should treat and respect nature, protect the ecological environment, establish a friendly partnership between man and nature, and realize the sustainable development of ecology.

Fifth, the principle of fairness and justice. Justice is related to selflessness and contains the meaning of equality. The principle of fairness and justice requires that the moral behavior of engineers and technicians should benefit others and society, especially in the face of conflicts of interest, they should resolutely act in accordance with moral principles. The principle of fairness and justice also requires engineers not to take engineering activities as a stepping stone to their reputation, status and prestige, and to oppose improper means to raise themselves in competition. Respect and protect everyone's legitimate rights and interests such as survival, development, property rights and privacy rights in engineering activities. Engineers and technicians should always establish the consciousness of safeguarding public rights everywhere in engineering activities, do not harm personal interests at will, and give reasonable economic compensation for inevitable or caused damage to interests.

The above are just some general principles. In some specific engineering and technical fields, engineering ethics standards are more specific.

Second, the moral responsibility of engineers.

Engineers are an important part of engineering talents and play an important role in engineering construction. Engineers include R&D engineers, design engineers and production engineers. Generally, an engineer is defined as the main body engaged in R&D, design, production and construction activities with scientific knowledge and technical application skills in all practical activities and processes of transforming physical nature and building artificial nature. Academician Zhu, former vice president of China Academy of Engineering, believes that modern engineers "should be able to comprehensively apply scientific methods, viewpoints and technical means to analyze and solve various engineering problems and undertake the development and application tasks of engineering science and technology. The basic qualities he should possess include knowledge, ability and morality "[3].

The American Society of Engineers put forward five basic principles for engineers. (1) Engineers should give priority to public safety, health and well-being when completing professional tasks, and take this as the guidelines to follow when performing tasks. (2) It should be limited to competent work areas. ③ Oral or written opinions should be expressed in an objective and honest way. (4) should be in the professional work, play the employer, the owner's loyal agent, trustee. ⑤ Avoid cheating for professional posts. Taiwan Province "China Engineers Association" put forward four "China engineers' creeds": first, engineers' responsibilities to society: abiding by the law and respecting nature; Second, the engineer's professional responsibility: dedication, innovation and diligence; Third, the engineer's responsibility to the employer: sincere service, mutual trust and mutual benefit; Fourth, the responsibility of engineers to colleagues: division of labor and cooperation, connecting the past with the future. There is some truth in these statements.

The engineer's ethical behavior is the activity that the engineer, as a moral subject, actively transforms a specific object for a certain purpose. Among them, the choice of engineer's ethical behavior is the core and essence of engineer's ethical behavior. The choice of engineers' ethical behavior refers to the behavior that engineers choose between good and evil voluntarily and independently under the control of certain ethical consciousness and according to certain ethical value standards when facing various ethical possibilities. From the perspective of engineering practice, engineers have problems such as the choice of righteousness and benefit, the dilemma between economic value and spiritual value, the conflict between national interests and the common interests of all mankind, the conflict between economic and technical requirements and human rights protection in the stage of engineering decision-making, engineering implementation and engineering consequence [4].

There is still a relationship between purpose and means in the choice of engineers' ethical behavior. There are problems of good and evil in both ends and means. Only good purpose and good means can realize the moral behavior of engineers; Good purpose and evil means or evil purpose and good means will push the engineer's behavior to immoral behavior, have a negative impact and destroy the social ethical order [4].

As the main body of engineering activities, engineers will encounter various ethical problems in the course of their work. Responsibility is usually associated with a specific position or organization, which refers to something that should be done or a fault that should be borne because it is not done well. The meaning of ethical responsibility means that people are responsible for their own actions, which can be answered and explained [5]. Compared with legal responsibility, ethical responsibility is forward-looking. It is a kind of social responsibility based on good and evil, justice and injustice, justice and partiality, honesty and hypocrisy, honor and shame [6]. From a philosophical point of view, responsibility and causality are closely linked. The most common and primary condition of responsibility is causality, that is, our actions will have an impact on the world; Secondly, these behaviors are controlled by actors; Third, to a certain extent, engineers can foresee the consequences and act according to their own free will. However, the causal relationship between things is complex and often not a simple one-way linear relationship. One reason may produce many results, and one result may also be caused by many reasons. So discussing responsibility is not a simple matter. In today's era of great science, science and technology have penetrated into all fields of society. Scientists and engineers are not only numerous, but also often participate in major social decision-making and management. Therefore, the ethical responsibility of engineers has become a topic that cannot be ignored [7].

Modern engineering activities make engineers play an extremely important professional role. The technical complexity and social connection of the project itself inevitably require engineers not only to be proficient in technical business, but also to be good at management and coordination, and to handle all kinds of relationships related to engineering activities. Most importantly, the impact of engineering activities on society and environment is increasing, which requires engineers to break through the limitations of technical vision, establish a conscious understanding of the overall social significance and long-term social impact of engineering activities, and assume all social responsibilities. Therefore, modern engineering requires engineers not only to have professional technical ability, but also to have the ability to make moral choices in the conflict of interests, morality and utility. In addition to judging the economic value and technical value of the project, they must also judge the ethical value of the project. In addition to professional and technical literacy, you should also have moral literacy; In addition to being responsible to employers, we should also be responsible to the public, the environment and the future of mankind.