With the development of economy, tax planning plays a more and more important role in enterprises. The main purpose of tax planning is to save taxes and avoid taxes for enterprises through reasonable tax planning. This paper expounds the basic contents of tax planning from the aspects of its application, advantages and risks in enterprises.
Keywords tax planning; Risk; stage of development
First, the basic concept of tax planning
Tax planning is the taxpayer's right to abide by the tax law according to the current tax laws and regulations in the place where the enterprise operates. Is it allowed? With what? Not allowed? 、? Should? With what? Shouldn't it? And then what? Must not be allowed? With what? Should I? And other specific laws and regulations, according to the actual needs of enterprise management, adopt plans and countermeasures aimed at adjusting tax payment time, optimizing tax payment institutions and reducing tax payment, so as to facilitate their own development.
Second, the principle of enterprise tax planning
Principle of legality
The principle of legality requires enterprises to abide by national laws and regulations when making tax planning. Enterprise tax planning must pay close attention to the changes of national laws and regulations.
(B) the principle of cost-effectiveness
A successful tax planning must be the best choice of various tax planning schemes and must be considered comprehensively. On the one hand, corporate tax planning must focus on reducing the overall tax burden of enterprises; On the other hand, the tax planning of enterprises must fully consider the time value of funds. This requires enterprise financial managers to convert the tax burden of different tax payment schemes and different periods in the same tax payment scheme into present value for comparison.
(3) the principle of planning in advance
The principle of prior planning requires enterprises to plan and arrange their own business, investment and financial management activities in advance according to the differences of national tax laws before the tax legal relationship between the state and enterprises is formed, so as to reduce the occurrence of taxable behavior and reduce the tax burden of enterprises as much as possible.
Thirdly, the application of tax planning in different stages of enterprise development.
(A) the characteristics of production and operation of enterprises in the initial stage and the corresponding tax planning scheme
Start-up enterprises usually face higher operational risks and lower financial risks. Enterprises should adopt the way of equity financing, with little or no debt financing. At present, most of the funds of enterprises come from venture capitalists.
(two) the characteristics of production and operation of enterprises in the growth period and the corresponding tax planning scheme.
At this stage, the financial characteristics of enterprises can no longer attract the investment of venture capitalists, and at this time, enterprises are still facing high operational risks, so enterprises should choose financing schemes with relatively low financial risks, so equity financing should be the main financing source, supplemented by debt financing.
(three) the characteristics of production and operation in the mature period of the enterprise and the corresponding tax planning scheme
Mature enterprises have low business risks, and enterprises at this time have certain financial risk-taking ability. In addition to equity financing, enterprises can also adopt high-debt financing. In addition to debt financing, enterprises at this stage can also use internal retained earnings.
(four) the characteristics of production and operation during the enterprise recession and the corresponding enterprise tax planning scheme.
Although the enterprise has entered a recession, its operational risk has been further reduced. The main uncertainty is only when the enterprise will withdraw from the market or whether it can come back to life. Most enterprises with low operational risks are accompanied by high financial risks.
Enterprise management should take decisive measures to divest those parts that occupy funds but cannot achieve profitability, so as to get rid of the burden of enterprises. At the same time, increase investment in products or departments that still have development potential or good market situation, and take them seriously to further enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
Fourth, the risk of enterprise tax planning
legal risk
When an enterprise formulates and implements a tax planning scheme, its expected result is uncertain. Therefore, enterprises are likely to bear the legal obligation of tax payment and the legal responsibility of tax evasion, which is the legal risk of enterprise tax planning.
(B) administrative law enforcement risks
When an enterprise formulates and implements a tax planning scheme, its expected results are uncertain, and there may be deviations in tax administrative law enforcement. Therefore, enterprises may have to bear the risk of tax planning failure, which is the administrative law enforcement risk of enterprise tax planning.
(3) Economic risks
When an enterprise formulates and implements a tax planning scheme, its expected result is uncertain. Therefore, it will make the cost of tax planning unrecoverable and bear legal obligations. The cash outflow of legal responsibility will also cause the loss of intangible property, which is the economic risk of enterprise tax planning.
Five, how to avoid the risk of enterprise tax planning
(A) to strengthen the research of tax policy, establish the risk awareness of tax planning.
First of all, enterprises should strengthen the study of tax policies and accurately grasp tax laws, regulations and policies. Secondly, enterprises should pay close attention to the changes of tax laws and regulations. In practical work, enterprises should be familiar with the relevant provisions of tax laws and regulations as far as possible, carefully grasp the relevant information of their own production and operation, combine the two and study them carefully, and choose a planning scheme that conforms to the interests of enterprises and follows the provisions of tax laws and regulations.
(B) to improve the quality of enterprise tax planners
The subjective judgment of taxpayers has an important influence on the success of tax planning. Therefore, tax planners need to minimize subjective judgments in practical work and strive to cultivate their ability to analyze objective facts. This requires tax planners to have professional knowledge in taxation, finance, accounting and law, as well as good professional quality. At the same time, tax planners should also pay attention to the cultivation of communication and cooperation ability and economic forecasting ability, so as to facilitate exchanges with personnel of various departments in tax planning.
To sum up, enterprises can save taxes for enterprises through reasonable tax planning, but they should also pay attention to and avoid possible risks in tax planning, so that tax planning can play a greater role in all aspects of enterprise development.
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With the development of China's economy, the scale of electronic manufacturing enterprises is getting larger and larger. Reasonable tax planning can obviously improve the business ability and economic benefits of enterprises, thus promoting the better development of electronic manufacturing enterprises. By introducing the tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises, this paper discusses the ways to strengthen the relevant tax planning, hoping to help the effective development of tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises.
I. Overview of tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises
(A) the characteristics of tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises
The technology used by electronic manufacturing enterprises is relatively high-end, and the products manufactured have strong intellectual property protection characteristics, so the tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises also presents different characteristics.
1. Electronic manufacturing enterprises enjoy more tax benefits.
Electronic manufacturing enterprises are knowledge-intensive industries, and their work mainly focuses on high-tech research and development, making use of high-tech achievements to manufacture and sell cutting-edge electronic products. Therefore, electronic manufacturing enterprises have high independent intellectual property rights and relatively advanced high technology. At present, China's investment in scientific research and technology is increasing, and its emphasis on independent intellectual property rights is deepening. Accordingly, there is a certain policy inclination for electronic manufacturing enterprises. This kind of policy tilt is manifested in tax work, that is, electronic manufacturing enterprises enjoy more preferential tax policies to a certain extent.
2. Imported products have a great influence on the tax payment of enterprises.
Electronic manufacturing enterprises attach importance to scientific research and technical activities, and the products they produce have high added value. At present, due to the limitation of domestic objective conditions, the core technical components of some products have to be imported from abroad. The product life cycle of these main components is generally short, and there are certain risks, which is very important for the final products produced by electronic manufacturing enterprises. The duty-paid price of these imported main parts will directly affect the tax amount of products of electronic manufacturing enterprises.
(2) Value-added tax and income tax of electronic manufacturing enterprises
Electronic manufacturing enterprises need to pay more taxes, but the taxes that can be effectively planned mainly focus on value-added tax and income tax. Among them, VAT is a kind of turnover tax. At present, the calculation of value-added tax in China mainly adopts the method of deduction. Another tax is income tax, and the income tax rate adopted in China is 25%. Enterprise income tax involves many aspects such as enterprise tax costs and expenses.
Two, strengthen the tax planning of electronic manufacturing enterprises
On the whole, the tax work of electronic manufacturing enterprises is more complicated, and there are standard operating procedures when it is implemented. The financial department of an enterprise should strengthen its understanding of tax work and adopt a reasonable and legal way to carry out tax planning, so as to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise and ensure its benign development.
(A) the planning method of value-added tax for electronic manufacturing enterprises
1. Differentiation of VAT taxpayers in electronic manufacturing enterprises
Electronic manufacturing enterprises should pay attention to distinguish the types of taxpayers when choosing the VAT rate. At present, there are three types of VAT taxpayers in China, namely, basic tax rate taxpayers, low tax rate taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers. Generally speaking, the choice of value-added tax rate of electronic manufacturing enterprises should be considered from the following two aspects: first, the possibility of enterprises choosing general taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers, and the corresponding benefits; Secondly, in the case that the purchasing enterprises are general taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers respectively, what kind of taxpayer identity the sales enterprises choose is most beneficial to the enterprises.
2. Measures for product tax planning of electronic manufacturing enterprises
The products produced by electronic manufacturing enterprises are quite different from those of general manufacturing enterprises. Usually, the sales of electronic products and software are tied together. At the same time, some electronic products need good after-sales service, usually paid service, with high profit rate. It can be said that there is a strong correlation between the sales of electronic products themselves and the sales of after-sales service, which provides greater maneuverability for electronic manufacturing enterprises in the choice of taxable tax rate. We assume that the value-added tax rate of electronic manufacturing enterprises is represented by a, then a is equal to the ratio of business tax rate and value-added tax rate. In the actual tax work, the actual VAT rate B is calculated. If the value of B is greater than A, then the electronic manufacturing enterprise can choose its corresponding products to split and change some of them into VAT. If b is less than a, it is more helpful for electronic manufacturing enterprises to pay VAT in full.
3. Tax planning measures for electronic manufacturing enterprises to purchase equipment
Electronic manufacturing enterprises should study the preferential tax policies of the state in order to make better tax planning. For example, in the preferential tax policy, enterprises are required to purchase domestic equipment produced in specific industries, and VAT can be levied first and then returned. Therefore, when purchasing equipment, electronic manufacturing enterprises should comprehensively consider the domestic equipment price, foreign equipment price and the value-added tax rebate enjoyed. If other factors are not considered, the price of domestic equipment is lower than that of imported equipment after deducting the value-added tax rebate, so it is more suitable for electronic manufacturing enterprises to choose domestic equipment for procurement. In terms of tax policy, there are tax preferences for products processed with imported materials for re-export, which is beneficial to electronic manufacturing enterprises in coastal areas of China. According to the provisions of the tax law, the calculation formula for the transfer-out of VAT input tax for re-exported products with processed materials is as follows:
Transfer-out amount of VAT input tax = tax amount that cannot be reduced in this period-import amount of materials in this period? (Tax Rate-Tax Refund Rate)
Through the formula, it can be clearly seen that if the import amount of materials is relatively low, the input value-added tax of electronic manufacturing enterprises will be relatively high, and enterprises should reasonably choose the share of domestic procurement and foreign procurement according to the actual situation, so as to achieve the purpose of reasonable tax avoidance.
(2) Electronic manufacturing enterprise income tax planning measures
1. Strengthen the scientific research work of electronic manufacturing enterprises
China has certain preferential policies to encourage enterprises to independently research and innovate, with the aim of encouraging enterprises to increase investment in scientific research and create products with independent intellectual property rights. Electronic manufacturing enterprises should reasonably enjoy the preferential tax policies of the state, actively carry out independent innovation, intensify scientific research, build their own brands, improve their core competitiveness and enjoy more preferential tax policies of the state. Specifically, the R&D expenses of electronic manufacturing enterprises refer to the expenses invested by enterprises for researching new technologies and developing new products. Deduction methods for scientific research and development of electronic manufacturing enterprises are divided into two categories according to whether intangible assets have been formed or not. If intangible assets are not formed, 50% of R&D expenses will be deducted according to the deduction amount 100%. If intangible assets have been formed, they shall be amortized according to 150% of intangible assets. It can be seen that if enterprises invest more in R&D, they will enjoy more tax benefits.
2. Reasonable choice of tax authorities
At present, the formulation of China's tax policy is regional. The tax rate of the same tax is different in different regions, which is determined by the objectivity of regional conditions. Electronic manufacturing enterprises can make full use of different preferential tax policies between regions, adopt regional distribution mechanism and actively choose taxable tax rate to achieve the purpose of reasonable tax avoidance. Specifically, electronic manufacturing enterprises can set their headquarters in places with more personal income tax concessions and set their manufacturing departments in places with preferential policies for procurement and production. Through the overall layout and reasonable layout, the tax planning of electronic manufacturing enterprises can be realized.
3. Expand the scale of business operations.
According to the provisions of the tax law, the deduction methods of sales expenses and product production costs are different. Sales expenses are a kind of period expenses, which can be deducted in the current tax law according to regulations, while production costs can only be deducted from the part that has achieved sales and confirmed income. If sales and revenue have not been realized, it will be deducted when revenue is recognized in the future. Therefore, electronic manufacturing enterprises can reasonably plan the expenses included in the production cost of their products, and confirm them in the sales expenses, so as to make pre-tax deduction in the current period, and then postpone the income tax payable accordingly, which is of great significance to electronic manufacturing enterprises to increase capital liquidity. In the actual business process, enterprises can enjoy the benefits of this preferential income tax policy by setting up independent sales organizations. At the same time, deferred payment of income tax can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of funds, indirectly increase the operating costs of electronic manufacturing enterprises, and thus improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
4. Choose people who meet the preferential tax policies.
At present, China's tax law provides certain tax incentives for the employment of special personnel, and also cancels the restrictions on the number of special personnel. For example, the salary paid by enterprises to special personnel is 2000 yuan per month. At present, the personal income tax rate in China is 25%, so enterprises will enjoy the tax preference of 500 yuan for each special personnel. The main purpose of formulating such preferential tax policies is to fully protect the basic interests of special personnel in China and encourage enterprises to assume social responsibilities. In the work of electronic manufacturing enterprises, some administrative jobs, such as doorman and cleaner, require less knowledge of employees. Enterprises can balance the organizational structure of personnel according to their own actual conditions, and can recruit some special personnel in these positions, thus enjoying tax incentives. At the same time, the recruitment of specialized personnel is also of great help to the commitment of corporate social responsibility and the good publicity of corporate image.
(3) Planned measures for the duty-paid price of imported parts and components
For electronic manufacturing enterprises, the duty-paid price of imported components has a great influence on the calculation of enterprise tax payable. According to the relevant provisions of China's tax law, the dutiable value of imported products refers to the cif price of products based on the transaction price of imported products approved by the state customs. After the evaluation in taxable value, the relevant fixed work is generally carried out according to the following prices: the transaction price of the same goods, the transaction price of similar goods, the international market price of similar goods and other prices set by the relevant customs departments. The products imported by electronic manufacturing enterprises have high technical content, and many of them are newly developed products. Due to the short development time and low market acceptance, the price positioning of these products in the market is vague and accurate. At the same time, the research and development costs of these products are relatively high, so at the beginning, when enterprises set prices for products, they are generally higher than similar low-level products that have appeared in the market. The determination of the prices of these products by the customs department has an important influence on the calculation of relevant tariffs and income taxes on the main components and raw materials of electronic manufacturing enterprises. The financial department of electronic manufacturing enterprises should pay close attention to the changes of relevant tax laws and maintain a high degree of attention to the price determination of customs, so as to grasp the relevant information at the first time and provide timely information for reasonable tax avoidance.
Three. Concluding remarks
Due to the characteristics of electronic manufacturing enterprises, their tax work has certain particularity. Good tax planning can strengthen the meticulous management of electronic manufacturing enterprises, strengthen the financial management system, effectively reduce tax risks and effectively improve the economic benefits of enterprises. Electronic manufacturing enterprises attach importance to tax planning, analyze the characteristics of relevant taxes, and actively carry out tax planning through enterprise income tax and value-added tax, which can provide guarantee for the benign development of enterprises.
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