1. On classification is essays, including philosophical essays, political essays, historical essays and literary essays.
The books of pre-Qin philosophers can generally be regarded as a collection of essays (usually mainly political). The single paper is based on Jia Yi's Qin Lun. In classification, either express their opinions and clarify a truth (theory); Or distinguish between right and wrong things and refute other people's remarks (discrimination).
For example, Huai Nan Zi is a theory and Lun Heng is a debate. Guo Qin's theory is a theory, while the theory of God's extinction is a debate.
2. Preface and postscript are the preface or postscript of a book (or an article).
Preface (preface) is the general preface, which is placed in front of the book; The postscript is placed at the back of the book, which is the preface. The ancient order was left behind.
Some people think that "Under Zhuangzi" is the preface of "Zhuangzi". As for A Brief Introduction to Huainan Zi, Lun Heng Ji Zi, Preface to Taishi Gong of Historical Records and Zhuan Xu of Hanshu, it is more obvious that they are all prefaces, and they are all at the back of the book. The narrative of Shuo Wen Jie Zi is also behind. Later, like Xiao Tong's Selected Works, the preface was moved to the front.
3. Recitation refers to the letters sent by courtiers to the emperor, including the three categories mentioned in Wen Xin Diao Long: Zhang Biao and Recitation.
In addition, there are thinning, writing and sealing. The original intention of sparseness is to explain things one by one, and sealing is to prevent leakage, which is a secret commemoration.
Countermeasures (strategies for short) are a subsidiary category of commemoration. This is the title of the emperor, written on the bamboo slips, called the policy question; The applicant states his opinions according to the topic, which is called countermeasures. Chao Cuo and Dong Zhongshu were both famous strategists in Han Dynasty.
4. The category of book words includes books and words.
Books refer to ordinary letters, mostly what tourists say to people in other countries.
5. Preface is a special style.
The ancients had a so-called "gift". It was not until the early Tang Dynasty that giving words became a style called "preface". Han Yu made the most gifts and was considered the best.
6. The imperial edict is a letter written by the emperor to his men.
Letters and letters were originally letters, but because the supreme ruler in feudal times was considered different from ordinary people, the letter written by courtiers to the emperor was called letters, and the letter written by the emperor to courtiers was called letters. The documents issued by the emperor include "system" and "patent".
Xi is an accessory of imperial edict. It is used to preach or condemn evil. Ba, not necessarily from the emperor; Sometimes it may be that the enemy countries denounce each other, or it may be the so-called "thieves". Because there are few just wars in feudal society, people who attack each other are often birds of a feather, and the so-called arrogance is often unreasonable or fabricating facts.
7. Biography is an article describing personal life stories, generally describing the deeds of the deceased.
Pass refers to pass, and form refers to line. Biography comes from Historical Records and Hanshu. Take Historical Records for example, Biography of Xiang Yu, Family of Confucius, Biography of Hou Huaiyin and Biography of Wei Hou An should all belong to biographies.
Legendary novels, such as Biography of Huo Xiaoyu, Biography of Li Wa and Biography of Yingying, etc. , can be classified as biography.
8. Epitaphs include epitaphs and epitaphs.
The scope of the inscription is quite wide. There are inscriptions on Zen Buddhism and Jigong, such as the inscription on Mount Tai by Qin Shihuang, the inscription on Yanshan by Ban Gu, and the inscription on Pinghuai West by Han Yu.
There are inscriptions on temples, bridges and other buildings, such as Wang Jianqi's inscription on Toutuo Temple and Han Yu's inscription on Nanhai Temple.
In addition, there is a tombstone that records the deeds of the deceased before his death, and there is an inscription (rhyme) at the end of the text. In feudal times, the tombstones of big officials were all on the road in front of the tomb (Shinto), so they were called tombstones, and those with low levels were set up. There is also a kind of tomb table, which can be set by whether the deceased is an official or not. The tomb table also stands on Shinto, so it is also called Shinto table. There is generally no inscription (rhyme) on the tomb table.
Epitaph (epitaph) is also a record of the deeds of the deceased. Generally, there are two square stones, one with a cover under it, the other with an inscription and a title (the epitaph of a certain official and someone). It was buried in the tomb when it was buried. It is said that it is to guard against the changes in the valley so that future generations can identify it, so it was later called burial inscription, inscription, inscription and so on.
9. Miscellaneous notes include all narratives except biographies and epitaphs. There are carved stones; Some don't carve stones.
Stone carvings, such as Liu Zongyuan's "Tang Xinji, Weizheng County, Yongzhou"; Not carved stone, such as Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes. The characteristics of miscellaneous notes are narrative, but the miscellaneous notes of ancient writers in China in Tang and Song Dynasties are often narrative in the middle. Su Like Zhe's Kuaizai Pavilion and Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower have more discussions than notes.
10, admonitions and inscriptions are disciplinary articles, which are mostly used to warn themselves. Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription belongs to this category.
1 1, praise class is used to praise articles, generally to praise and praise others. Han Yu's Rural School Fu belongs to this category.
12, Ci and Fu are similar to long poems, which can express feelings and chant things. Unit 12 of this book will be discussed in a special article.
13. Mourning includes mourning and eulogy. Both of them are articles mourning the hanged, but they are eulogies.
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