First, the background of the work.
Understanding the historical age, life and creative intention of the songwriters in chorus works is very helpful for accurately grasping the style of the works. Taking The Yellow River Cantata as an example, when we are familiar with the life time, experience and creative background of the lyricist Guang William. J and the lyricist Xian Xinghai, it is not difficult to feel the specific flavor of the times and national integrity contained in The Yellow River Cantata's works.
Second, the analysis of music structure
The biggest advantage of analyzing the structure of chorus works is that it can make the conductor recite the music quickly and have a clear sense of structure. Take cappella's Climbing Up in Half Moon as an example. The whole song structure is a musical form composed of four phrases: beginning, bearing, turning and combining, which can be simply marked as: beginning a( 1-4), bearing b(5-8), turning c(9- 14), and so on. If the conductor has a clear structural diagram in his mind, he is unlikely to forget the spectrum.
Thirdly, the analysis of harmony and counterpoint
The writing techniques of harmony and counterpoint in chorus works need to be analyzed at any time, which is more related to the analysis of music itself and the basis for directing and processing works. Many conductors will ignore the analysis of harmony and counterpoint in chorus works. There are two reasons: first, I don't have enough knowledge of harmony and counterpoint; The second is the lack of attention in concept.
Fourthly, the analysis of writing skills
The writing techniques of chorus works mainly include thematic chorus works (such as Bach/Cournot in Ode to Notre Dame), polyphonic chorus works (such as Hunan Folk Song/Zhang's compilation in Sister Hua) and chorus works combining thematic and polyphonic writing techniques (such as Guang William. J Ci/Xian Xinghai in Roaring the Yellow River). Familiarity with the above three choral writing skills is very helpful for us to analyze and deal with the hierarchical structure in choral works.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) word analysis
The words in chorus works are the most important symbol that distinguishes the three-dimensional art of chorus from the three-dimensional music art such as symphony orchestra and folk music ensemble. Some people regard Ci as the soul of chorus, which shows its important position in chorus works. The analysis and mastery of the pronunciation methods of word meaning, articulation and articulation in chorus works directly determines the singing level of the choir. Taking Three Stories of Yangguan (Ancient Music/Arranged by Wang Zhenya) as an example, if we don't grasp the analysis of the chanting style of Tang poetry, we can't reflect the artistic conception of ancient music in chorus works.
Sixth, the analysis of musical terms.
In a regular chorus competition, there will always be a piece of music sung by the chorus in front of the judges, and whether the chorus accurately interprets the musical terms such as speed and strength in the music score is an important criterion for scoring. The setting of this competition system just shows the importance of faithfully expressing the "true classics" of the chorus score. Take the speed in music terminology as an example: the original speed of Climbing Up in Half Moon is labeled as Allegro, and music should be a light, relaxed and slightly anxious image. However, in chorus singing, many conductors didn't really analyze and understand the speed of Allegro, and sang their works as the speed of Allegro or even Allegro, and their emotions became lingering and slightly sad, even with a pleading tone. This mistake of grasping the speed in the spectrum will inevitably lead to the failure of the whole music performance. It can be seen that the conductor must repeatedly analyze and compare all the musical terms on the chorus score before rehearsal, in order to achieve a reasonable and accurate performance of the musical works.
Analysis of phrases and breathing.
From the microscopic analysis of musical form, chorus singing must clearly explain the relationship between phrases. Chorus is the "symphony" of vocal music art, and breath is the lifeline of chorus singing. If the phrase is combined with the relationship between big breath, small breath, stealing breath and grabbing breath, it will inevitably make the conductor transition from beat command to voice command, thus receiving unexpected results.
Eight, the analysis of pitch
Before analyzing all kinds of intonation, we need to know all kinds of musical systems (pentatonic, pure and twelve-average) to find out the causes of intonation and why such intonation is needed. The intonation of multi-voice audition is one of the key factors that restrict the development of chorus in China, and it is also the premise of the success of chorus singing. The analysis of melody pitch and longitudinal harmony pitch of each part in chorus works is a desk work that the rehearsal must do.
Nine, the analysis of piano accompaniment
Good piano accompaniment plays an important role in improving the singing level of the choir, and besides good playing skills, good accompaniment is more about analyzing and grasping the functional orientation of accompaniment. From the perspective of functional analysis, piano accompaniment can be divided into three situations: harmony texture contrast, polyphony contrast melody and theme juxtaposition. Taking Mozart's Tears as an example, after a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the accompaniment function, it is often found that accompaniment is actually the real conductor. With this understanding, the conductor will focus on the training of chorus members while listening to the accompaniment. Therefore, the analysis of accompaniment function is very important to enrich the expressive force of chorus art. It is this that many conductors and chorus rehearsers tend to overlook.
Image sense analysis
From the literary point of view, the singing of chorus works can be analyzed and described by scene pictures, which is helpful for chorus members to accurately grasp the musical image, especially for chorus works with long length and many changes in rhythm and speed, and it is very meaningful to establish a sense of chorus scene pictures. Yan Liang? For example, the teacher's adaptation of the chorus "Put down the Sangbang Drum and Carry the Red tassel Gun" can be divided into four scenes: 1 (1-37), a beautiful home; The second kind (section 38-84) is the sudden change of the situation; Three (85- 1 10), years of suffering; The fourth quarter (section 1 1 1-end) rose to revolution. With the analysis of this sense of picture, the rehearsal of the rehearser will become vivid.
Xi。 Psychological analysis of works
From the aesthetic point of view, this is the promotion and supplement of technical analysis at all levels. Its essence is to grasp the spiritual connotation of the work and dig out the thoughts, feelings and humanistic care that the composer wants to convey to the audience behind the score. Taking Song of the Long March as an example, the work shows the magnificent picture of the Red Army soldiers fighting together and fighting bloody battles against the enemy under the leadership of the * * * Production Party, and reveals the great spirit of unity, perseverance and self-improvement of the Red Army soldiers. Chorus members will inevitably feel the spiritual connotation of the works in repeated singing, thus inspiring national pride and deepening patriotic feelings. This is the spirit of the Long March songs.
Twelve. conclusion
The analysis of chorus works is a process of comprehensive application of knowledge, which requires analysts to have comprehensive musical literacy. This paper mainly summarizes the specific analysis methods from the perspective and significance of analysis. Due to the limitation of space, the discussion needs to be further deepened. I hope this paper can play a role in attracting jade, arouse the rehearsal's enough attention to the analysis of chorus works, and provide some reference for singers and conductors.