Newton: the principles of mathematics, optics, force, arithmetic and calculus of natural philosophy icons. Newton was born in Woolsop Manor, a backward village in Lincolnshire, East Midlands, England, and was the chairman of the Royal Society.

2. Darwin: Tide, 1898 and Scientific Essays. Darwin was born in 173 1 and graduated from Edinburgh University and Cambridge University. He was a scientist, inventor, philosopher, poet and doctor in the early stage of the British industrial revolution.