The eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties are the general names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su San, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. The Origin of the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties When did the title of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" come into being? According to the survey, You Zhu compiled the articles of the above eight essayists into the Collection of Eight Writers in the Early Ming Dynasty, and the names of the eight great writers began. The Wenbian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty only took the articles of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and all the articles of other writers were rejected. This has played a certain role in shaping and spreading the names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Soon after, Mao Kun, who was highly respected, selected eight articles according to the compilation of Zhu and Tang, and compiled them into Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, so the names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were decided. The Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties were the core figures who presided over the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. They advocated prose and opposed parallel prose, which had a far-reaching influence on the literary world at that time and later generations. List and data of people Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19), born in Chang 'an, was a famous thinker and outstanding writer in the Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. Han Yu (768-824), known as Han Changli, was an outstanding writer, thinker and leader of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He is the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and has a lofty position in the history of China's prose development. Su Dongpo praised him as "the decline of eight generations of literature." His articles are magnificent, luxurious and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, blending ancient and modern. Whether it is discussion, narration or lyricism, it has formed a unique style and reached a height that no one has ever reached before. Ou Yangxun Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), whose real name is Yong Shu, was named "Drunken Man" and "Six-year-old Vulgar", an outstanding and learned essayist, an outstanding leader of the prose innovation movement in Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Because of his concern for the country and the people and his outspoken attitude, Ouyang Xiu's career has experienced ups and downs and hardships, but his creation is "the poorer he is, the harder he works". Adhering to the spirit of Han Yu's Preface to Literature, he strongly opposes extravagant and obscure "contemporary prose" and advocates a simple, smooth and natural style of writing. His works have profound connotations, diverse forms, beautiful language, charm and musicality. Many famous works, such as Zuiwengting Ji and Qiusheng Fu, have been passed down through the ages. Su Xun, whose real name is Mingyun, is Mei. Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. Su Xun and his sons, Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus". His prose is mainly about history and politics. He inherited the argumentative tradition of Mencius and Han Yu, and formed his own vigorous style with clear language and repeated analysis of truth, which was very brilliant for strategists in the Warring States period. Sometimes you can't help but have a sophistry look, which is its shortcoming. The author of Cargill. Su Shi (1037 ~11year) was a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. He, his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous literary figures, and they are called "Three Sus" in the world. It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. Su Zhe (1039-112) was born in Meishan, Sichuan. Influenced by his father and brother, he read widely since he was a child and was ambitious. Song Huizong succeeded to the throne, was pardoned, returned to the north, lived in Yingchang, devoted himself to writing behind closed doors, and lived a leisurely and lonely life for twelve years. Zheng He died two years later at the age of 74. He is the author of Luan Jicheng and Luancheng Postscript. Wang Anshi Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), whose real name was Jing Guogong, was later called Wang. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi) people. A famous politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. China is one of the famous "Eight Masters of Tang Dynasty" in the history of prose. His prose is steep, concise, philosophical, vigorous, imposing, sharp and argumentative, which creates and develops a unique prose style with thorough reasoning, rigorous argumentation, careful logic, clear expression and melting things into one furnace. Ceng Gong (10 19- 1083), a native of Nanfeng County, Jianchang Army, was an important backbone of the new ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Ceng Gong, who is "twelve years old and speaks amazingly", is alert and intelligent; As an adult, he became famous for his literary talent and was highly appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, the literary leader at that time. Ceng Gong has a strong Confucianism, advocates the theory that "Tao precedes literature" and attaches importance to the moral cultivation of writers. His academic and articles were widely known before his death, especially after his death. Ceng Gong's prose works are rich, especially good at discussing and taking notes. His argumentative paper is full of arguments, full of branches and leaves, full of twists and turns, calm and sincere; The chronicle is clear, concise, vivid and intriguing. Prose and Style of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan advocated the "ancient prose movement", calling for the innovation of the disadvantages of carving in the Six Dynasties and the establishment of a brand-new style of writing, which became a wave in the literary world. European writers in Song Dynasty, such as Zeng, Wang and Su, inherited the tradition of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty and opened up the field of prose creation. Therefore, it can be said that the ancient prose works of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" represent the highest achievement of prose in Tang and Song Dynasties. The following are the prose styles of the eight masters, one by one, and a brief introduction. 1. Han Yu Han Yu was a master of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He devoted his life to promoting Confucianism, rejecting Buddhism and old ideas, and advocating prose with equal emphasis on literature and Taoism. His prose is magnificent, refined in language, vigorous in brushwork and clear in organization. For example, The Theory of Teachers, written to explain the principle of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism, repeatedly discusses the necessity of learning from Taoism, and puts forward some original opinions such as "Taoism has its own way, learning from Taoism has its own way", "Learning from Taoism has its own order, and the profession has its own specialization". Its structure is rigorous, its context is coherent, its sentence patterns are both parallel and casual, and its brushwork is also complicated and changeable, which is a model in sketches. In addition, The Original Extinction is also a famous expository of Han Yu, aiming at exploring the root of bad habits. This paper compares the cultivation of ancient gentlemen with that of modern gentlemen, thus revealing that the laziness and taboo of modern gentlemen are the root of ruin. The whole article is analyzed layer by layer with thorough reasoning and rich logic. Although the words used are shallow, they are quite ancient. Preface to Farewell to Dong Shaonan is a "gift preface" written to bid farewell to friends. But Han Yu's original intention is not to encourage friends to travel far. Because it is not convenient to say it directly, he implicitly alludes in his article, or compares "ancient" and "modern", or changes from "harmony" to "disagreement". Although the text is not long, it is very reasonable, full of twists and turns, which shows the literary talent and style of Han Yu and Gao Qi. Biography and Postscript of Zhang Zhongcheng is an explanation and supplement to Li Han's Biography of Zhang Xun. Han Yu expressed the patriotic image and strong character of Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan and Nan Jiyun through anecdotes. The whole article is discussed in the narrative, which is well-founded and vivid. It fully grasps the spirit of the characters, so that the original trivial materials are mixed and not chaotic, in one go. It is the masterpiece of Han Yu's biography. Besides being good at argumentative writing, Han Yu's lyrical writing of mourning poems is equally touching. For example, Ode to Twelve Lang is a mourning work written by Han Yu for the sudden death of his brother and nephew Han Laocheng. In this paper, the scene of loneliness and dependence when I was young, the feelings of gathering less and leaving more, and the sadness of impermanence of life and death all belong to the language of true feelings, which is naturally from the heart. The whole article is sincere in word-making, true in carving, but with infinite sadness. Another example is the Epitaph of Liu Zihou, which was written for his good friend Liu Zongyuan. This paper starts with Liu Zongyuan's life experience, lifestyle, creative achievements and deep feelings between them. It placed infinite regret and sympathy for Liu Zongyuan's bumpy fate, and also showed passionate feelings for the world at that time. The whole article is profound, sincere and concise, which also shows that Han Yu is a sharp and bold style. Second, Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were the main advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. The literary world is often called "Liu Han", and both of them are outstanding prose writers. Liu Zongyuan's writing style is profound and elegant, handsome and clean, and wonderful. He is brave in innovation, especially good at writing landscape travel notes, fables, biographies and argumentative essays. In the hands of Liu Zongyuan, the writing skills of "ancient prose" have been improved and the performance art has become more mature. First of all, in terms of travel notes, Eight Notes of Yongzhou written during the period of relegation to Yongzhou is the most famous. These eight travel notes are independent and continuous, just like the long axis of a beautiful landscape painting, depicting beautiful mountains and rivers and Bi Xiao, the god of topography. Because Liu Zongyuan is in the depression period of talent shortage at this time, he can get a sense of interest when he is looking for a quiet visit to win. For example, the first of the eight articles, Travel Notes of the First Banquet in the Western Hills, shows that Liu Zongyuan gained an unprecedented spiritual epiphany during his visit to the Western Hills, and the depression caused by his long-term relegation was swept away. The author combines his own state of mind with the beautiful scenery of the western hills, and reveals his broad-minded state of mind of "concentrating on relaxation and blending with everything" in the description of scene blending. The whole article is concise in wording and sentences, with distinctive style and profound feelings, which is especially memorable to read. The third article, The Story of the West Hill of Cobalt Lake, describes the strange scenery of the West Hill of Cobalt Lake and its abandoned experience, thus pinning the author's feeling of lack of talent. Xiaoqiu's abandonment of his son is like the author's own disappointment in his official career, and his situation is similar. But in the process of buying mountains and enjoying them, I also got the joy of being suddenly enlightened. These two landscape travel notes, in their beautiful narrative strokes, also entrusted the author's feelings, and there are thousands of aftertaste implied between the scenes. "I have been with the spirit for a long time, but not long; It's like swimming with the creator, but I don't know how poor I am, which gives people infinite feelings. " Lying on the pillow, you will feel cold with your eyes, cold with your ears, carefree and empty with your heart, and deep and quiet with your heart, showing a melancholy mood. The combination of rich feelings and wonderful landscapes makes the article full of poetic and artistic conception, which is why Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes can be unique through the ages! Secondly, in terms of fables, Liu Zongyuan cares about current politics, because he often exposes the evil and morbid human feelings in the form of "fables", thus playing the role of irony or warning. Although the length is mostly short, it is of great significance. For example, The Three Commandments is a recognized masterpiece. The Three Rings consists of three parts: Elk by the River, Donkey in Guizhou and Mouse in Yongjia, all of which take animals as the main characters. The main idea is to satirize those people who "don't know how to push themselves and others, but take advantage of it to show off, or take advantage of the situation." "The three animals in the fable are deliberately shaped by the author, with clever ideas, vivid images and sharp writing, which is of great warning significance. Another example is Biography of the Slug, which is a fable that relies on biography to express irony. Being negative, aiming too high, and not changing until death, just like the greedy nature of some people in the world. This is also a short and alert, meaningful and thought-provoking story. As for Biography of Planting Trees and Guo, they are allegorical biographies. This paper uses Guo Tuo's theory of planting trees to illustrate the way politics is applied to the people. Although it is a biography, the characters and plots seem real, but in fact they are empty. In the question and answer, the truth of planting trees is revealed, and then the way of being an official is extended. The article is unique in conception, profound in conception and full of rational interest. Furthermore, in argumentative essays, Liu Zongyuan has a unique eye, creates new topics and contains new ideas, so he can often make a difference. For example, The Snake Catcher, through the mouth of the snake catcher, reveals the social reality that more poison is collected than snakes, and places infinite care and sympathy on the plight of people's livelihood at that time. The snake catcher's sad self-report about his own tragic experience is the focus of the full text, which shows the people's helpless accusation. This article is different from the Book of Rites in writing. Tan Gong's "Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger" has similar meaning, but the irony is deeper, the article is more ups and downs, and the appeal is strong. In addition, in the preface to seeing off Xue Cunyi, Liu Zongyuan took the opportunity of seeing off Xue Cunyi and expressed his own theory of being an official in the article, which was the preface to the discussion before narration. This paper holds that officials should be public servants of the people and should serve the people, not the people, otherwise they will be punished and dismissed. These advanced viewpoints can be used as important documents to study Liu Zongyuan's political thought. It is a famous article with a long history and lasting taste. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai compared this article with Han Yu's Preface to Send Dong Shaonan, and thought that the Preface to Send Dong Shaonan could be described as "the biggest change", while this article could be described as "the greatest skill", pointing out that the writing style of this article was profound and original, and the language was refined and meaningful. Thirdly, Ouyang Xiu advocated poetry innovation in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was the leader of the ancient prose movement, and put forward Ming Dow's literary proposition of putting practical things into practice. He is not only an ancient prose writer, but also has great characteristics and achievements in the creation of poems, ci and fu. Ouyang Xiu's prose is plain and fluent, fresh and natural, and graceful in style. For example, his most famous "Drunk Pavilion" was written when he didn't know Chuzhou. Ouyang Xiu gave his love to mountains and rivers, thus realizing the joy of mountains and rivers, the joy of dining and the joy of sharing with the people. The article runs through the whole article with the word "music" as the main line, with clear context, forming a reciprocating rhythm, and euphemistically and implicitly expressing one's happy mood. The whole essay is beautiful and delicate, with refined words and endless charm, and it is an eternal masterpiece of landscape travel notes. As for the theory of longitudinal imprisonment, it is a famous article in Ouyang Xiu's overturned case, aiming at putting forward his own unique views on the history of longitudinal imprisonment of Emperor Taizong. Since the conviction is reversed, the article is bound to be broken. The purpose of this paper is not only to refute that Emperor Taizong's imprisonment will lead to "thieves from top to bottom", but also to seek fame through charity. Therefore, it is believed that St. Wang Zhiguo should "put human feelings first, don't think high, and don't go against his feelings and make a reputation" in order to establish a common law. The whole article is thoughtful and penetrating, and its layers of arguments are very convincing, such as "Knife and Axe Cutting, Quick and Sharp" (Wu Chucai's Comments on Ancient Chinese Literature), which is a masterpiece to give full play to his eloquence. Ouyang Xiu is not only a writer, but also an outstanding historian. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the History of the New Five Dynasties, which he was entrusted to compile, are both historical masterpieces with unique literary characteristics. For example, The Story of the History of the Five Dynasties is the preface to The Story of a Line written by a maverick in troubled times and beneficial to customs education. The article laments that during the Five Dynasties, there were few people in the world who were morally corrupt, had lost their sense of shame, were able to lead an honest and clean life, and were arrogant. Ouyang Xiu's history was collected from the historical materials of the site in order to promote goodness and fame, but only four or five people can record it, from which we can see Ouyang Xiu's critical spirit of imitating the writing style of Spring and Autumn Annals to promote goodness and suppress evil and correct people's hearts. The whole article is concise and can serve as a preface. Fourthly, Ceng Gong and Ceng Gong's articles are mellow and quite peaceful, and their styles are similar to those of Ouyang Xiu, so they have been called "Ou Zeng" since ancient times. Ceng Gong is good at argumentation and pays attention to the layout of the article, so the article is structured and clear. For example, Mo Chi's story reveals the theme of "studying hard" through Wang Xizhi's study of Mo Chi's books. Although this article is called Ji, it is actually an argumentative paper, encouraging scholars to study hard and practice their moral values. The whole article is about reasoning, supporting things and expressing one's heart. In the tone of questioning, Xu's euphemistic charm can be obtained, and his words are concise and simple, with profound and elegant implications, which is particularly intriguing to read. V. Wang Anshi was an outstanding politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Most of the articles he has written are about the enlightenment of government decrees and the application of the world. Its academic origin is profound, so its writing style is vigorous, meticulous and steep. For example, The Travel Notes of Baochan is a travel note of mountains and rivers that wins by argumentation and reasoning. Wang Anshi expressed his feelings and experiences of exploring caves in the mountains with the theme of swimming in the treasure toad. The full text has a rigorous structure, which embodies the spirit of being proactive and carrying out ideals, and encourages scholars to "think carefully and choose carefully". This is a travel essay using the theme. Just like "Mo Chi Collection", this article is based on the scene, and the whole article integrates emotion, scenery, events and reason, showing the style characteristics of Song Dynasty prose, which is good at discussion and combined narrative. Another example is Jean Zhong Yong, which is also a short essay combining narrative and argumentative writing. Through the story of a child prodigy who eventually became an ordinary person because he dropped out of school, this paper shows that talent alone is not enough, and emphasizes the importance of being taught and learning. Both narrative and exposition are orderly and simple, especially concise and unpretentious prose, but it can still alert the world with profound meaning. In addition, Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun was Wang Anshi's reading of Historical Records? An article written after the Biography of Meng Changjun. From Meng Changjun's point of view, the article puts too much emphasis on pecking at wood and stealing wood, so that people with lofty ideals dare not come. Therefore, it can't get the real talent theory, refuting the traditional saying that Meng Changjun can get a scholar from Ren Xian. The full text is extremely short, but vigorous and eloquent, which shows that Wang Anshi can read independently and dare to put forward original opinions. As far as political papers are concerned, Answering Sima's Suggestions is a letter to the admonisher Sima Guang about the new law. In the article, Sima Guang pointed out four things, namely "invading officials", "insurrection", "demanding profits" and "refusing to remonstrate", and reiterated his determination to reform. The article is well-founded, but it is full of vitality, toughness and sharpness in euphemistic and simple language. Its firm determination to implement the new law is obvious, which not only fully shows Wang Anshi's personality and style, but also proves the close relationship between the style of the article and the writer's personality. In addition to expressing integrity, such as "Official Document Tribute to Ouyang Wenzhong" is a sentimental commemorative prose. The difference in political ideas between Wang Anshi and Ouyang Xiu does not affect their profound friendship. In the article, I highly appreciated Ou Gong's articles, ethics, achievements and moral character, and declared my affection for Zhan Mu. Words from the heart, three sighs, extremely sad and depressed. 6. The writings of Su Xun and Su Xun are based on the policies of the Warring States and historical records, so they are absolutely exquisite and have a strong pre-Qin style. Because he is good at discussing historical and strategic articles, his argument is clear and thorough. For example, his famous historical treatise "On the Six Kingdoms" satirizes the humiliating policy of making peace with the Khitan and Xixia in the Northern Song Dynasty by taking advantage of the example of self-destruction caused by bribing Qin in the Warring States period. The implication of his theme is to learn from the past and satirize the present. Su Xun thinks that the main reason for the downfall of the Six Kingdoms is "bribing Qin" and "those who don't bribe will lose their lives", so the whole paper takes this as the central argument, and each paragraph closely follows this argument, which is coherent, clear-cut, sharp and crisp, refined and accurate, and magnificent. No matter from the layout and structure, or from the rhetoric, this article can be described as an excellent argumentative paper. Seven, Su Shi's political career is bumpy, but his achievements in literature and art are known throughout the ages. After Ouyang Xiu, he completed the poetic innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty and became a literary leader. He is different from his father and brother, and is also called "three sows". Su Shi's thoughts are magnificent and brilliant, and he is proficient in poetry, prose, ci, fu and calligraphy. His article Wang Yang is wanton, fresh and natural. "If there are thousands of springs, they will come out of chaos, but they will always move forward as they should, and often stop at what they can't stop" ("Wen Shuo"), especially good at reasoning, arguing and making suggestions. For example, Hou Lun is Su Shi's famous historical theory. The word "forbearance" runs through the whole article, evaluating Sean's life, enumerating historical facts, getting rid of secular prejudices and excavating new ideas, and pointing out that the key to Sean's achievement lies in his "forbearance". The article demonstrates the word "forbearance" from different levels. The writing situation is tortuous, the conception is ingenious, and the arguments are concentrated, which is quite fascinating and shows the magnificent side of Su Shi's writing style. If the theory of "longitudinal imprisonment" is the same as that of the overturned text, then the two great writers, Europe and the Soviet Union, who helped the ancient things to prove and argue, and dared to bring forth the new, all made the paper full of rational interest, especially the articles were smooth and easy to receive, which could show their profound talents in ancient and modern times. Another example is "Teaching War and Defending Strategy", which is a famous piece of Su Shi's discussion, and fully shows Su Shi's lofty insight and loyalty in discussing current affairs. In his article, he advocated that the country should also have a sense of urgency in peacetime, so that its citizens can receive military training and learn the offensive and defensive skills of war. After weighing the national policy and national conditions of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi put forward such a proposal, which is really promising. In particular, the whole article is clear-cut, clear-cut, thorough and harmful. There are metaphors and evidences in the article. In the vivid and decisive layer-by-layer analysis, the language is accurate, alert, persuasive and infectious. Fang Zhuan is a unique biography of Su Shi. This is a short biography he wrote for a reclusive friend, Chen Nian, in order to commend Chen Nian's noble character of indifference and self-control, and also to express his anger at his "bad luck". Although this article is not long, it is concise, narrative and discussion, which can be seen from the selection of materials, writing style and characterization. At the end of the article, "there are many strangers between Yu and Huang, and they are often proud and dirty, so they cannot be seen; What does Fang Zishan think? " As a knot, I give my heart to sigh, which is even more fascinating. Eight, Su Zhe's personality is quiet and sincere. Under the influence of his father and brother, his articles are stable in conception, indifferent in Wang Yang and simple and elegant in language, just like him. Literary achievements lie in prose, especially strategy. The most representative work in tourism is Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion. Su Zhe wrote this suicide note, explaining the profound meaning of his brother Su Shi's name "Kuaizai" for the pavilion, and expressing his open-minded mood by comforting Meng Zhang. The full text points out the word "Kuai" in seven places, and takes "Kuai Zai" as the center, combining narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion. His writing style is free and easy, and his humor is meaningful, which shows that Su Zhe's "Wang Yang stayed in the garden" is fluent and makes people think about things. Li Tu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said, "Han Ruhai, Liu Ruquan, Ou Rulan and Su Ruchao. It is said that the four masters, Han, Liu, Ou and Su, have different styles of writing. However, to sum up, Han's writing style is bold and unconstrained, Liu Zongyuan's writing style is bold and elegant, Ouyang Xiu's writing style is euphemistic and implicit, Wang Anshi's writing style is gentle and gentle, Su Xun's writing style is simple and antique, Su Shi's writing style is bold and unrestrained, and Su Zhe's writing style is endless. The achievements of the eight schools in prose creation are extremely high, colorful and unique, reflecting the gorgeous style.