Basic elements:
1. Argument It is correct to discuss and expound the most basic requirements; Clear and unambiguous; Be novel, not generalized. Suggestions are clear, mostly express or implied, so that readers can refine them themselves.
2. Arguments The basis and materials for proving arguments can be concrete examples, summarized facts, statistics, personal experiences and feelings. It can be classic works, famous sayings of predecessors, folk proverbs, scientific axioms and laws, etc. Three basic requirements: ① conclusive; ② Typical; ③ Unity with argument.
3. In the process of argumentation, the logical relationship between arguments and arguments can be divided into argumentation and refutation, and basically the same argumentation method can be adopted.
Argumentation: A way to prove the author's own argument with sufficient evidence is correct.
Refute: an argument that refutes the wrong argument of others with strong evidence
Demonstration methods (5 kinds): induction, example, deduction, analogy and comparison.
Induction: through many individual examples or arguments, and then summarize their characteristics, so as to draw a general conclusion.
Deduction: The conclusion of a case is derived from general principles, and the connection between premise and conclusion is necessary.
Comparative method: there are classified comparative methods. (1) analogy is a method of comparing different things with the same or similar properties and characteristics in some aspects and drawing conclusions. (2) The comparative method proves the argument by comparing different foods whose properties and characteristics are opposite or opposite in some aspects.
4. Refutation method
(1) Refutation argument directly refutes the one-sided, false or fallacy of the other party's argument itself, which is the most commonly used argument method in refutation.
(2) according to the error of exposing the other side's argument to refute, in order to achieve the purpose of overthrowing the other side's argument.
(3) Refuting arguments and recording logical errors in the process of the other party's arguments, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between arguments, and the contradiction between arguments.