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Super absorbent resin (SAR in English) or super absorbent polymer (SAP in English) is a kind of water-swellable polymer with strong hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl groups and a certain degree of crosslinking. Compared with traditional water-absorbing materials such as sponge, cellulose and silica gel, it is insoluble in water and organic solvents, but it has unique water-absorbing and water-retaining properties and the advantages of polymer materials. Super absorbent resin has high water absorption, which can reach more than 1000 times of its own weight, strong water retention, difficult water loss even under heat and pressure conditions, good stability to light, heat, acid and alkali, and good biodegradability.
The development and research of super absorbent resin has only a history of several decades. It is a typical functional polymer material with the basic characteristics of general polymer compounds. It can absorb and maintain hundreds or even thousands of times of its own water or dozens of times of salt water, and can preserve and store water, even if it is pressurized, it is difficult to divide water. This is because its molecular structure contains a large number of chemical groups with strong hydrophilicity, which can form various corresponding complex structures, thus giving the material good characteristics of high water absorption and high water retention.
Super absorbent resin has a strong affinity with water, which makes it widely used in personal hygiene products, and also shows broad prospects in agriculture, civil buildings, fresh-keeping materials, environmental transformation and so on. Such as baby diapers, incontinence diapers for the elderly, sanitary napkins for women, etc. The demand of developing countries in this field is increasing, and countries have expanded production and increased research and development. Superabsorbent resin is also widely studied and applied as waterproof agent, humidity regulator, gel rotating device, active enzyme carrier and artificial snow for communication cables. The application of super absorbent resin in agricultural gardens also shows encouraging prospects, which is beneficial to water-saving irrigation, reducing plant mortality, improving soil fertility and water retention, and improving crop germination rate. The application of super absorbent resin in desert control has inestimable social benefits. It can be seen that further development of super absorbent resin is still of great significance.
1. Foreign situation
The research and development of super absorbent resin began in the late 1960s. From 65438 to 0966, Fan-ta of the Northern Institute of the US Department of Agriculture studied the grafting of acrylonitrile onto starch, and the development of super absorbent resin began. Fanta et al. put forward in the paper that the water-absorbent resin of starch derivatives has excellent water-absorbing ability, and the swollen gel formed after water absorption has strong water-retaining ability, and even has the functions of moisture absorption and moisture release, even under pressure. The water absorption performance of these materials is better than that of previous polymer materials. The resin was successfully industrialized in Henkel Company at first, and its trade name was SGP (Starch Grafted Polymer). 197 1, a super absorbent resin was synthesized by grafting acrylonitrile onto starch or cellulose with cerium nitrate as initiator. During this period, companies such as Hercules, National Starch, American General Mills Chemical, Sumitomo Chemical, Huawangshi Alkali and Sanyo Chemical Industry have successively developed super absorbent resins, and countries around the world such as Germany and France have also conducted extensive research on the preparation, properties and application of super absorbent resins, and achieved a lot of results. Among them, the United States and Japan have achieved the greatest results. Since then, the research, production and application of SAP abroad have developed at an alarming rate. Japan has realized the industrialized production of SAP.
The production and consumption of super absorbent resin have increased rapidly. 1980, the world super absorbent resin production capacity was about 5 kt/a, 1990 increased to 207 kt/a, 1999 sharply increased to1292 kt/a. At present, the largest SAP producer in the world is Catalyst Chemical Company of Japan, followed by Stockhausen Company of Deggusa/Huels Group and Chemdal Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amcol Company of the United States. The combined production capacity of these three companies accounts for about 47.2% of the global total production capacity. The main manufacturers of super absorbent resin in Europe are French Atofina and SNF· Frog, Belgian BASF and Japanese Co., Ltd., German BASF, Stockhausen and Dow Chemical, and British industrial zeolite.
The United States is the largest consumer of super absorbent resin in the world, with a consumption of about 280 kt, accounting for about 35.0% of the world's total consumption. The consumption of super absorbent resin in Europe is about 200 kt, accounting for 25.0% of the total consumption. The consumption of super absorbent resin in Japan is about 80 kt, accounting for 10.0% of the world total consumption. Consumption in other regions accounts for about 30.0%. It is predicted that the consumption of super absorbent resin in the world will reach1000 ~1100 kt in 2005, with an average annual growth rate of 3.8% ~ 5.5%.
With the diversification of its products and the improvement of its performance, the application field of super absorbent resin will continue to expand. From 65438 to 0973, UCC Company of the United States began to apply super absorbent resin to agriculture, and then extended to the fields of soil water conservation, seedling cultivation and transportation, agriculture, forestry, horticulture and breeding. Subsequently, Japan, France and so on also launched the application research of water-absorbent resin. Now, super absorbent resin has been widely used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medical care, building materials, petroleum industry, food industry, daily necessities industry, artificial intelligence materials and other fields.
2 domestic situation
The research work of super absorbent resin in China started late, starting in the early 1980s. Compared with foreign countries, the research, development and application of super absorbent resin in China are relatively slow. In 2004, the production capacity of super absorbent resin in China was only about 30kt/a, and there were nearly 30 manufacturers, but all of them were small-scale, and only 7 had the production capacity above 1kt.
There are more than 30 units engaged in the research of super absorbent resin in China. For example, Shanghai University, Jilin Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Tianjin University, beijing university of chemical technology, School of Chemical Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, etc. Most of the work of these units focuses on the synthesis of waterborne resins. In terms of application, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Henan and other provinces have made gratifying achievements in applying super absorbent resin to agricultural production. At present, most of the research work of super absorbent resin in China is still in the laboratory stage, and some of them have been transferred to the pilot stage, but there is little industrialization, mainly relying on imports.
At present, most of the super absorbent resins in China are imported products, the import price is 1.5- 1.8 million yuan /t, the domestic production cost of super absorbent resins is 1.2- 1.5 million yuan /t, and the sales price is1.8-.
In China, the consumption of water-absorbent resin is mainly based on the application of sanitary products. In the future, sanitary materials will still be the mainstream of water-absorbent resin application in China, and its demand will continue to increase. Due to the lack of water resources and serious soil erosion in China, the desertification land is expanding day by day; Moreover, China is in the accelerated development stage of industrialization and urbanization, and there will be huge development space for urban lawn industry and flower industry. Water-absorbent resin, as soil improver, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining agent and coating agent for seedling transplantation, will play an important role in agriculture, forestry, landscaping, desert transformation and so on. Experts believe that after 78 years' efforts, water-absorbent resin, as a water-retaining agent, may become one of the most popular agricultural chemicals for farmers after chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plastic films, and its market prospect is very broad.
Super absorbent resin is a rapidly developing new material with great market potential in China. With the deepening of the research on water-retaining agent, great progress has been made in the research of multifunctional water-retaining agent with salt tolerance, water retention and fertilizer retention, but the production and application of water-retaining agent in China lag behind developed countries and need rapid development. China has a vast territory, rich natural resources and serious soil desertification. The application potential of SAP in agriculture is huge. It is also the focus of future research to strengthen the SAP research on the function of green and environment-friendly slow-release fertilizer for drought resistance and moisture conservation, establish a complete chemical drought resistance, water saving and water conservation technology system with multifunctional new SAP as the core, and carry out large-scale demonstration and popularization. In addition, at present, most of SAP used in industrial production is acrylate, which is not conducive to large-scale application because of the high cost of raw materials. Strengthening the research of nonmetallic mineral/water-retaining composite materials, simplifying the production process and reducing the moisture content of semi-finished products after polymerization, thus reducing the drying time and energy consumption of finished products, is of great significance for reducing the cost of SAP and expanding the application scope of SAP. In addition, we should make use of the advantages of raw materials and market demand as soon as possible, introduce foreign advanced technology, and rely on domestic scientific research strength to develop and build industrial devices with economic scale in order to quickly occupy this high-growth market. /bbs/viewthread.php？ tid= 1769869。 fpage=2