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How to deal with the relationship between people, individuals and collectives, countries and society, and countries and countries has always been a major issue facing human society. Confucius' teachings on "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "Be a man if you want to stand and be a man if you want to succeed" provide principled guidance on how to correctly handle these relationships.

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"Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you"; "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you"; "Be a man if you want to stand and be a man if you want to succeed" are the concrete contents and manifestations of Confucius' thought. This is also a humanistic philosophical proposition about the relationship between people revealed by Confucius from the inner needs of people. These propositions show Confucius' profound understanding of human nature and the relationship between people, and are also the secret of the eternal vitality of Confucius' philosophy.

In the Analects of Confucius, Confucius said in two places that "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". First, when answering Zhong Gong's question, he said, "Going out to meet big guests makes the people like big sacrifices. Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. There is no complaint at home "(The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan); Second, in response to Zi Gong's question, "Who can live in one sentence?" He said, "Forgive him and don't do to others what you don't want him to do to you" (The Analects of Wei Linggong). That is, this proposition was put forward by Confucius when answering what is "benevolence" and "forgiveness". The basic meaning of "benevolence" is "love", including kissing, loving and caring for people. According to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, "benevolence" is "entirety" and "meaning, courtesy, wisdom and faith". He called it "four branches", that is, it is the general summary of all good virtues. Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xin Bu is "forgiving". "Forgiveness" belongs to the category of benevolence, and the basic meaning of "forgiveness" is to "push yourself and others" and push your inner love to others to love. Therefore, the proposition of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is based on the assumption that human nature is good. It is required to use one's kindness and kindness to promote the hearts of others, and to deal with the emotional relationship and material interests between people from kindness. In this proposition, it is necessary to distinguish two opposing concepts, namely "what you want" and "what you hate", both of which are experienced from the individual subject. All human spiritual activities and behavioral pursuits are nothing more than these two things, which can be felt by the whole human subject. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you, which is "evil". Its opposite is "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" (Guan Zi Xiao Wen). On the contrary, "what you want to get together with" (Mencius Li Lou) is also "benevolence". Therefore, Confucius' proposition of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" embodies the great "love" of mankind. The "whisper" or true meaning contained in it is "fraternity and generosity"

The establishment of people's subjective consciousness is that people realize the difference between themselves and the outside world, the difference between soul and body, and then pursue the relationship between soul and body, think about their origin and destination, think about the ultimate explanation to the outside world, think about their relationship with the outside world, and so on. People realize that they are different from nature, so they gradually establish the concept of "group" and the subject consciousness as the spirit of all things. The subject consciousness of human individual appears in the further development of human civilization. What kind of relationship should we have between ourselves and others, and between ourselves and the whole, in order to achieve social harmony? China's sages made a long-term exploration, and Confucius summarized the achievements of predecessors' exploration, established the philosophy of "benevolence", affirmed people's subjective consciousness, and emphasized the importance of individual subjective consciousness. Confucius' thoughts on "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "Be a man if you want to stand and be a man if you want to achieve" show that Confucius has a profound understanding of human subject consciousness. In Confucius' individual subject consciousness, this is relative to the group. Because the individual's subjective consciousness, if separated from the group, becomes an isolated individual, and any individual is an individual in the group. Individuals who leave the group may lose some rules of humanity. The inevitable logic of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is: don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No matter what you want or do, you should consider it from the perspective of mankind as a whole. Don't impose what you don't want on others, but consciously give what you want to others. This personal desire and evil is the reference of the group. In Confucianism's view, a perfect person is perfect only if he blends himself into the group. The "benevolence" stipulated by human nature is determined in the interaction between people. People who leave the group will not be human. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" means affirming yourself as well as others and yourself. People are human because they are in the relationship between people.

In human society, individuals exist as members of the class, and their survival safety, material interests and spiritual life are interdependent. People should love each other and do whatever they want. However, in any society, there are differences between those in power and ordinary people, leaders and the led, managers and the managed. The subjects of giving and not giving are authorities, leaders and managers. They should give people virtue, teach them, govern them and give them wealth. Ordinary people should also establish and implement the idea of giving and not giving, and everyone should be kind to others, which reflects the love between people and the harmony of society.

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Confucius' thoughts of "not doing evil" and "cultivating talents" are based on the goodness of human nature. On the issue of human nature, although Confucius only put forward the vague proposition of "being similar in sex but learning far", Confucius insisted on the goodness of human nature in essence. Confucius defined human nature as "benevolence", that is, people are kind, and at the same time defined "benevolence" as "love", indicating that people's inner nature is good, and this substantive thought of Confucius was clearly revealed in Mencius. Mencius believes that human nature is inherently good and comes from "four ends", namely "compassion and benevolence"; The heart of shame and evil, the end of righteousness; The words of the heart are the end of the ceremony; The heart of right and wrong is also the end of wisdom, which includes the germination of "four virtues" of benevolence, righteousness and courtesy. Compassion germinates benevolence, shame germinates righteousness, resignation germinates righteousness, and right and wrong germinates wisdom. These "four virtues" are inherent in everyone. Because everyone has this kind of kindness, we should not go against people's kind nature when dealing with interpersonal relationships and the relationship between leaders and led people. The indiscretion of the ruling party to win the hearts of the people lies in "gathering what it wants with it, not doing evil with it." "If people do what they want to do, they will like it. If they like it, a regime will exist. On the contrary, if they do their evil things, they will resent it. If they are evil, people will die. In Mencius' view, if everyone shows his kindness, he can feel the hearts of others and communicate with them. "If you are hungry and cold, you will know that the world needs food and clothing; If you hate hard work, you will know that the world wants to be safe; If you are evil and weak, you know that the world wants to be rich. " (Biography of Han Poetry) In this way, people have found a point of spiritual attraction. As a ruler, people should "have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions"; As ordinary people, we should be kind to others. Everyone applies virtue to others according to their environment and status. Can't they all become Yao Shun? Starting from the good nature, everyone cares about each other and implements the principle of "loyalty and forgiveness", so it is easy to communicate between people's hearts. This is because everyone has the same desires and needs, or as American psychologist Ma Si Noel did.

Xunzi believes that human nature is evil, "human nature is evil, and it is false for good" (Xunzi's theory of evil nature), "human nature is evil" and human nature is natural. "Love is the essence of human nature" and love is the content of human nature. "Desire is an emotional response", and desire is an emotional response. From Tianzi to Shu Ren, everyone has lust. Although Xunzi advocated "the theory of evil nature", he still advocated doing whatever he wants and doing evil, which is in line with human nature. Xunzi believes that human nature is evil; People's etiquette and morality are artificial and the result of acquired education. People hate the competition and riots caused by greed and greed for profit, and hate the social situation of "rebellion against danger"; Pursue harmonious and balanced interpersonal relationships and a just and peaceful social environment. From the emperor to the common people, everyone has desires, because desires are part of human nature. People's desires are endless. What you want doesn't mean that others don't want it. Everyone has desires, and Shenshi has tried his best. What should we do? Xunzi thought: "Although the desire is inexhaustible, it can be nearly exhausted; Although you can't go, you can save money. Although you can't go where you want to go, you should be close; Although you can't go, you can't ask for it. Those who are worried want to save money. " (Xun Zi Zheng Ming) To achieve the goal of "approaching perfection" and "frugality", it is necessary to formulate "rites" to "cultivate people's desires and give them what they want". People's greatest desires are "life is the most important thing" and "enjoying peace", so people who keep healthy and happy are most concerned about etiquette. In other words, all you want is conditional satisfaction. Generally speaking, it is impossible for ordinary people to do whatever they want. "What people want, what heaven wants" refers to the whole human group's desire for survival and development. Therefore, the "near desire" and "abstinence" advocated by Xunzi are very practical.

In order to better realize the moral practice principle of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", Confucius also stressed that as leaders and managers of governments at all levels in the country, we must understand and study human nature. Without understanding human nature, it is impossible to effectively govern and manage. "So the gentleman to the people, can't help but know the nature of the people, to the people. He knew that he had learned a lesson from life, and then the people obeyed. " "Being born for sex" refers to people's innate goodness, and "having habits" refers to bad habits acquired by people who lose their goodness. The good nature of human beings requires "love" and "being loved". Use your own heart to push others' hearts, achieve something, stand firm, achieve something, be beautiful as an adult, and don't impose what you hate and don't want to bear on others; At the same time, giving others things that meet the needs of human nature makes the relationship between people and even the whole harmonious and harmonious, and the good nature of people can be carried forward. Otherwise, people's evil (whether innate nature or acquired habits) will grow, spread and flood, destroy the peace and stability of society, make people lose the basic guarantee of life, and society will not be a society.

Studying human nature, understanding human nature, and everyone's correct understanding of themselves are important foundations for practicing benevolence. The purpose of exploring human nature is to understand "human love", "the so-called love is creation; The so-called creation is to find yourself in the object. " "If you know yourself, you will know others", and "People who are at a loss about their own knowledge will see the same gray world. Only in front of people who can stare at their souls with flashing eyes, everything will unfold in a dazzling staggered way. ""People who can thoroughly understand their personality can find all kinds of personalities even among the most ordinary people. ""Personality cannot be given, but can only be acquired. Abandon differences, choose reasons, and understand other people's personalities with tenderness. Don't grasp your character with impromptu impressions and capricious intuition, but with persistent love and nuanced insight ","You must love your neighbor as yourself "(Japanese version of Miki Ito: Life Notes) This passage by Mr. Miki Ito shows that only by knowing yourself can you understand others; Only with love can we understand others. Now some people, seemingly absorbed in studying Buddhism, seem to be confessing their mistakes or sins, and seem to be kind-hearted, but in fact they are full of evil thoughts and greed, and often impose what they don't want on others; Some people are overweight in self-esteem and law-abiding, self-expanding, scheming, rejecting everyone and trying to monopolize their fame and fortune. Such a person will never succeed in his career. This kind does not have the minimum human goodness, and it does not have Buddha nature. Because there is no self-nature, you can't know yourself, you can't know others, and you can't find yourself from the object. So he doesn't understand and can't understand the value and significance of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you".

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Liu Baonan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, quoted the words in Korean Poetry Biography when commenting on "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", saying: "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". (See the Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan 12) "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" all reflect Confucius' thought of "being kind to others and loving others as yourself". Confucius answered Zigong's question: "What if you can give alms to the people and help others?" ? Can you call it a benevolent person? When asked a question, he said, "What is kind must be sacred! Yao Shun is still sick! Benevolent people want to be a man, but they want to be a man. It can be said that the benevolent side is already there. "Confucius strictly distinguished the two concepts of' benevolence' and' holiness', and thought that' holiness' was higher than' benevolence'. Liu Baonan explained that "benevolence" and "holiness" are interlinked in the way of "forgiving the heart and nourishing everything", but the difference is that the virtue scope of benevolence is narrow, while that of holiness is broad. The benevolent loves others, and the sage tells stories, but see Shuowen, which is the first friendship. Generally speaking, there is no stagnation and no obstacles. Therefore, we should combine the way of heaven and earth, yin and yang, rigidity and softness, and then we can observe heaven and earth, connect with the way of benevolence and righteousness, and then we can achieve ourselves. If I fail to understand the reason and meaning, I am not competent, that is, my doubts hinder me, but I can't make sense. If you are too independent, you will behave rudely; If you use it to rule people, you will rebel. Giving alms to the masses, being generous, speaking unselfishly and spreading virtue to the masses are called "holiness" and "benevolence is great", so "holiness" is higher than "benevolence". It can be seen that "giving to the public" is Deze's great virtue, and it also conforms to the purpose of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you".

1, moral education for the people. Confucius advocated "guiding it with courtesy and reconciling it with morality" (The Analects of Confucius) and opposed "guiding it with politics and reconciling it with punishment". He believes that only by educating people with courtesy and morality can we stimulate people's moral consciousness, make people know their own value and build up a sense of self-esteem. Self-esteem is a person's consciousness and a virtue. If a person loses self-esteem, he is almost an animal. Because some advanced mammals have a sense of shame and some self-esteem. Man's self-esteem is based on his affirmation of his own value. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" shows that the basis of self-esteem is respect for others. If you impose what you "don't want" on others, or impose it on others, it is said that you have lost your conscience and rules. People who are eager for enjoyment are not only unwilling to do hard and creative work, but also unwilling to do simple and general work. Then who created enjoyment and enjoyment for him? Of course, it is the labor paid by others. They don't want to work, but others do. Such people have lost their moral qualities and become individualists. Extreme individualism often loses self-esteem. The world of individualism is not harmonious and peaceful. If we all care about each other and truly "don't do to others what you don't want us to do to you", then people in society will reduce friction, contradictions and resentment. To do this, people's moral and cultural qualities are very important. Therefore, it is a task that politicians can't ignore to teach people virtue, improve people's cultural knowledge level and improve people's moral quality. Ancient times attached great importance to the education of "ceremony" and "music". The social function of "ceremony" and "music" is to make people live in harmony with them and maintain the inner balance of capable people, thus making people's spiritual life more in line with the requirements of human nature.

2, benevolent government for the people. Bad politics and tyranny have always been hated by the people, and benevolent government is what the people want. Politicians should understand and observe the wishes of the general public, especially the wishes and demands of the lowest people, from their own perspective and from their own hearts. The Book of History Wuyi requires politicians to "predict the sufferings of crops" and then "know the dependence of villains" and "hide according to them", which is the hidden pain and unspeakable suffering in the hearts of ordinary people at the lower level. Politicians should proceed from the standpoint of loving the people, implement peaceful politics, guide morality, educate the people, and make them consciously abide by social morality and laws; If people want to have permanent production, they must have the means of production engaged in the production of material wealth; Let the people live and work in peace and contentment, have ample food and clothing, and be neither hungry nor cold; We should pay less attention to it, send less corvees, and ease the burden on the people; It is also appropriate to handle the relations between countries well, reduce the number of battles, and make a quick decision in a necessary just war. Politicians should pay attention to people's cultural and spiritual life while satisfying people's material life. No one should impose what they don't want and hate on others, nor should politicians impose what they hate on the people.

3. Rich in the people. Being rich and expensive is what people want, and what people want must follow heaven. Material life is the foundation of human existence. People come from nature, and the determination of self-worth makes people subordinate to society, so people are the existence of nature and society. As the existence of nature, it is bound to be restricted by the laws of nature. In order to maintain the continuation of life, we must exchange materials with nature. The way, means and essence of material exchange between man and nature are different from those of animals. Therefore, people's survival needs are still the first level of needs. Therefore, constantly improving and improving people's material living conditions and satisfying people's "desire" for material life are the primary and fundamental tasks of the rulers. Confucius advocated the policy of "enriching the people and benefiting the people" and emphasized that "benefiting the people because of benefits" is an important content of moral policy. Xunzi set out from what he wanted and advocated "enriching the people and governing the country". He believes that as long as the "Guangtian tax" is implemented; The symbol of Guanping City; Number of merchants in the province; Work hard; Without the policy of "seizing the farming season" (Xunzi Rich Country), the people could be rich. He also said: "Be good at the country, save its people, and be good at the rest. Festival is used for ceremony, enriching people for politics. He Yumin is redundant, the people are rich, the people are rich, the field fertilizer is easy to cure, and the field fertilizer is a hundred times practical. " As long as the rulers implement the policy of "enriching the people", the people's enthusiasm for production will be mobilized and more wealth will be generated. History and reality clearly show that only by implementing the policy of enriching the people and making them rich can we stabilize society, make the country strong and promote historical progress.

Building homes for people's souls is an aspect of benevolent governance. Material life is people's basic needs, but it is not the whole of life. After people's material life is satisfied, they need cultural and spiritual life. Cultural and spiritual life determines people's quality of life. If a person's material life is very rich, but his spirit is empty, his values are distorted, and he loses his ideals and the pursuit of real life value, he is likely to be decadent or even guilty. As far as human nature is concerned, everyone has a pursuit of beauty. Everyone wants not only a rich material life, but also a beautiful cultural and spiritual life, and a place for his soul to rest in peace. Some people like music, painting and literary works, and pin their souls on the art world; Some people like to explore the secrets of the universe and society and pin their souls in academic gardens; Some people like flowers and birds and travel, and pin their spiritual life on leisure time and space; Some people believe in religion and pin their souls on the other side of the world. In short, in order to make people's life truly become people's life, politicians must create rich space for people's cultural and spiritual life to meet people's cultural and spiritual life.

In short, from the dialectical relationship between "doing whatever you want" and "not doing what you hate", we have realized the value of what you do and the true meaning of Confucius' "giving to the masses", that is, starting from the standpoint of loving the people and meeting the needs of the people in all aspects is the real love for the people.

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From all kinds of crises faced by mankind in the world, and from real life, we also realized the value and significance of Confucius' "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you".

In view of the worldwide moral decay, all kinds of crimes, the destruction of ecological environment, all kinds of regional war conflicts, diplomatic disputes between countries, and the appearance of counterfeit and shoddy products in Chinese mainland, we should learn wisdom from the wisdom teaching of "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" and "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you", so as to solve the problems they face.

As far as the relationship between countries is concerned, no country wants to lose its national sovereignty, occupy its territory, love national unity and so on. From the viewpoint of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", then any country should respect the sovereignty of other countries, don't invade their territory, don't undermine their unity, don't impose war on their people, don't enslave their people, and so on. If you want your national sovereignty to be inviolable, you should not infringe on the sovereignty of other countries; If you want your own country to be developed, you should also make other countries developed; If you want your country to be strong, you must also make others' countries strong, and so on. However, some countries are not like this. He tried to find various excuses and reasons to interfere in other countries' internal affairs, restrict other countries' economic development, restrict other countries' trade, and even exert various pressures, fearing that some developing countries would become rich and strong. These strange phenomena in the world happen to us every day. If politicians from all countries, especially those from developed countries, can understand Confucius' teachings of "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" and "If you want to establish yourself, you must achieve something, but if you want to get rid of it, then the world will be more peaceful and humane, and there will be fewer disputes and frictions.

Judging from the relationship between producers, sellers and consumers, any producer or seller can only be a producer or seller of one or several products and a consumer of a large number of goods he consumes, so he should also understand the truth of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". If you don't want to buy fake and shoddy products, don't produce and sell fake and shoddy products; Don't produce and sell inferior electrical appliances and burning appliances if you are afraid of fire; If you are afraid that eating inferior drugs will endanger your life, don't produce and sell inferior drugs; I am afraid that eating inferior and toxic food will affect my health or endanger my life, so I have to produce or sell inferior and toxic food and so on. The fake and shoddy products appearing on the market now are driven by some people's interests and have lost their "conscience" and humanity. If they can regain their "conscience" and their lost humanity, wash away the evil in their hearts with the kindness of Confucius, and use the principle of "don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" to guide their behavior, it may be valuable.

In terms of the relationship between the manager and the managed, the leader and the led, it should also be handled according to the principle of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". The task of managers is mainly to deal with contradictions in various interpersonal relationships, so as to achieve harmony between their internal interpersonal relationships and between internal and external interpersonal relationships, thus achieving the goals of the organization. In order to achieve this goal, we must attach importance to and respect people. Management should respect your subordinates and employees first, so that they can respect you. As subordinates and employees, if you want to be respected, you must respect your boss. Mutual respect between people can achieve harmony within the organization. Managers should respect their subordinates and workers, not only their personalities, but also their material and cultural life. Humanism is the mainstream of modern enterprise management development. Applying the principle of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" to enterprise management and dealing with the relationship between managers and managed, leaders and led is the embodiment of humanistic principle.

From the daily relationship between people, it is also very necessary to implement the forgiveness of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". If you don't do what others do, don't win others' love, put yourself in others' shoes, care about others, be selfish and altruistic, and consciously feel that he has achieved something, you can live in harmony. Whether we can understand people, help people and solve various contradictions between people with loyalty and forgiveness is a sign of civilization and education. Some uneducated people, if they have a little friction with others, will speak out and hurt people, and sometimes make the contradiction very sharp and even commit crimes. The improvement of personal education and the harmony of interpersonal relationship are inseparable from Confucius' loyalty and forgiveness.

In a word, the goodness, virtue and the way of loyalty and forgiveness embodied in Confucius' thought of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" are of great value to building a civilized world and must be vigorously promoted.