Characteristics, present situation and development trend of high-rise building structure Abstract: High-rise building is the product of social production and human life demand, and it is the inevitable result of modern industrialization, commercialization and urbanization. The development of science and technology, the appearance of high-strength and lightweight materials, and the realization of building mechanization and electrification provide technical conditions and material basis for the development of high-rise buildings. This paper briefly discusses the characteristics, present situation and future development trend of high-rise building structure. Keywords: high-rise building structure; Characteristics; Current situation; Foreword of Trend A building with more than a certain number of stories or heights is called a high-rise building. The starting height or number of floors of high-rise buildings varies from country to country, and there is no absolutely strict standard. It is related to many factors such as geographical environment, earthquake intensity, building materials, building technology, elevator setting standards, special fire protection requirements and so on. For example, in the United States, more than 24.6 m is regarded as a high-rise building; In Japan, it is 3 1m or more than 8 floors; Equal to or greater than 24.3 meters in Britain; In our country, buildings with more than 8 floors are generally equipped with elevators, and there are special fire protection requirements for buildings with more than 10 floors. Therefore, General Principles for Civil Building Design (GB50352-2005) and Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (GB 50045-95) in China will set 10 floor and 10 floor. From the perspective of structural behavior, horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake are becoming more and more important and even play a controlling role for buildings with more than 8 floors. Therefore, the Technical Code for Concrete Structures of High-rise Buildings (JGJ3-2002) refers to the reinforced concrete structures of high-rise buildings with 10 floors and 10 floors or more than 28m as high-rise buildings. When the height of a building structure exceeds 100m, it is called a super high-rise building. 1 Characteristics of high-rise buildings The building structure should bear both horizontal and vertical loads or functions. Low-rise building structures usually resist vertical load, and horizontal load (such as wind load) or action (such as earthquake action) has little influence, resulting in small internal force and displacement, which can generally be ignored. Therefore, in low-rise building structures, vertical load is often the controlling factor of design. However, in the high-rise building structure, the larger building height causes completely different stress conditions. Horizontal load is not only one of the main loads, but also works together with vertical load, which often becomes the controlling factor in design. Therefore, under the action of horizontal load, if the lateral deformation resistance or lateral stiffness of high-rise building structure is insufficient, it will produce excessive lateral deformation, which will not only make people feel uncomfortable, but also make the structure generate additional internal force under the action of vertical load, which will cause cracks and deformation in service facilities such as infilled walls, building decoration and elevator tracks, and even lead to structural damage or cracking, thus endangering the normal use and durability of the structure. Therefore, when designing a high-rise building structure, it is required that the structure not only has sufficient strength, but also has reasonable stiffness, so that the lateral deformation caused by horizontal load is limited within the specified range. At the same time, high-rise buildings with seismic fortification requirements should also have good seismic performance, so that under the action of possible strong earthquakes, the members of the structure still have good plastic deformation ability, that is, good ductility. In addition to the above structural stress characteristics, high-rise buildings also have architectural characteristics. It is often said that architecture is solidified music, and beautiful tall buildings are like works of art, becoming a beautiful landscape of the city; At the same time, architecture is the pulse of the times. High-rise buildings occupy a small area, which meets the needs of the times when land prices are expensive. It can save construction land or get more Kugaji for greening and other environmental land, shorten the length of urban roads and various pipelines (such as water supply and drainage pipelines), and reduce the infrastructure investment caused by the development in the high altitude direction. Of course, the construction of a large number of high-rise buildings will also bring adverse effects to the city, such as dense population and traffic congestion; There are some problems, such as unfavorable change of local thermal field, geological subsidence and complicated fire fighting. Based on the above-mentioned mechanical characteristics of high-rise buildings, it can be seen that high-rise buildings need to meet more design requirements in terms of strength, stiffness and ductility, which are different from low-rise structures. The design of lateral force resistant structure has become the key to the structural design of high-rise buildings. 2 Overview of the development of high-rise buildings With the advancement of industrialization, commercialization and urbanization, the urban population has increased sharply, resulting in a shortage of urban production and living houses and high land prices, forcing buildings to develop to high-rise buildings, from multi-storey to high-rise. At the end of19th century, modern high-rise buildings with steel frame and reinforced concrete frame structure began to appear. SecodRandMeNa 1 19-story building (Chicago, USA) was built in 1898, which is the first high-rise building with modern steel frame structure in the world. The earliest high-rise building with reinforced concrete frame structure is the first high-rise building with modern steel frame structure in the world. The earliest high-rise buildings with reinforced concrete frame structures are the InallaBuildin in Cincinnati, USA and the Franklin Apartment in Paris, France, which were built in 1903. So the history of modern high-rise buildings is only 1 17 years. Since 1950s, due to the successful development of lightweight and high-strength materials, the development of wind-resistant and earthquake-resistant structural systems, the establishment of new design and calculation theories, the application of computers in design, and the constant emergence of new construction technologies and machinery, sufficient conditions have been provided for the large-scale economic construction of high-rise buildings, enabling them to develop rapidly. In terms of reinforced concrete structure, the development process of its structural system is similar to that of steel structure. From the initial frame structure (1903, glnallsBuildin) to the frame shear wall structure, frame tube structure, mega-structure and other structural systems, the construction height of concrete structures is getting higher and higher. Steel structure has the advantages of high strength, light weight and good seismic performance. The components of steel structure can be processed and manufactured in the factory, with fast construction speed and short construction period. Steel is an ideal material for building high-rise buildings. However, the whole steel structure has a large amount of steel, high cost and poor fire resistance, which requires expensive fire retardant coatings. Reinforced concrete structure has the advantages of saving steel, low cost, rich material sources, good formability and so on, and its bearing capacity is not low. Through reasonable design, it can also obtain better seismic performance. Therefore, only in developed countries, most high-rise buildings use steel structures, while in developing countries, most high-rise buildings use reinforced concrete. Due to the development of high performance concrete and the progress of construction technology, reinforced concrete structure will still be the main structural form of high-rise buildings in the future. Especially in recent years, due to the advantages of reinforced concrete structure, more and more high-rise buildings are built with reinforced concrete materials in developed countries. Of course, the section size of reinforced concrete structural members is large, which reduces the building area; Because of its own weight, the cost of foundation increases, and the seismic performance is not as good as that of steel structure. Therefore, in order to give full play to the characteristics of steel and concrete, a more reasonable structural form is to adopt a mixed structure or combined structure of steel and reinforced concrete materials at the same time. Through reasonable design, this structural form can achieve economic and reasonable results and excellent technical performance, which has become a research hotspot and development direction in recent years. The development trend of high-rise building structure fully shows the power of science and technology, which makes architects pay attention to the unique functions and technical factors of the building from the emphasis on artistic effects in the past. The future high-rise buildings will develop in the direction of combining advanced technology and functions with perfect art. 3. 1 Development and application of new materials and super-strong materials In the technical problems of high-rise building structures, the first thing to be solved is the material problem. Now the strength grade of concrete has reached above C 100. Concrete with high strength and good toughness is beneficial to reduce the size of structural members, reduce the weight of the structure and improve the seismic performance of the structure. At the same time, in order to achieve the goal of light weight and high strength, high-rise building structures must develop lightweight aggregate concrete, lightweight concrete, fiber concrete, polymer concrete, confined concrete and prestressed concrete. The development and application of high-performance concrete will continue to attract people's attention, and will certainly bring great and far-reaching influence to high-rise building structures. Considering the strength and plasticity, steel is an ideal material for high-rise building structures, and people have never stopped working to improve the strength, plasticity and weldability of steel. In particular, the research and development of new fire-resistant and weather-resistant steel is of great significance, which can reduce or give up the dependence of steel on refractory materials and improve the competitiveness of building steel. Composite materials used to manufacture some parts of high-rise buildings are being developed and practiced. 3.2 Hybrid structures are widely used in high-rise buildings. As mentioned above, the reasonably designed hybrid structure can achieve economic and reasonable results with excellent technical performance (such as seismic performance), and can easily meet the lateral stiffness requirements of high-rise buildings, and can be used to build buildings higher than reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, in high-rise buildings, the mixed structure is often still a reasonable and feasible structural scheme, and the proportion of mixed structure will increase in the future. 3.3 Application of new design concepts and new structural forms The functions of modern buildings tend to be diversified, and the modeling and structural system of buildings tend to be complex and changeable, and tend to be three-dimensional. With the requirements of the times, new design concepts and structural technologies have been deepened, and new structural systems have been adopted, such as mega-structure system, skin structure, structure with reinforced layer, large opening in the facade of the building to reduce wind power, and structural control technology to set up anti-seismic mechanism. 3.4 New Breakthroughs in the Height of High-rise Buildings Since the 1990s, high-rise buildings have developed rapidly, with great leaps in quantity, quality and height, and the scientific and technological content in high-rise buildings is getting higher and higher. References [1] Chang Yuefeng, Zhao Wenzhong. Development and production of steel plate for high-rise building structure [A]. 1999 Proceedings of China Iron and Steel Annual Meeting (Part II) [c] .4438+0999.