The basic requirement of thesis writing is to adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice.
Writing graduation thesis must adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice. Theoretical research, especially social science research, must serve reality, socialist modernization and the construction of two civilizations. Theory comes from practice and reacts to practice. Scientific theory plays a guiding role in practice and can be transformed into great material strength through people's practical activities. The task of scientific research is to reveal the regularity of the movement of things, and use this regularity to guide people's practice and promote social progress and development. Therefore, the graduation thesis must pay attention to the reality of socialist modernization and pay close attention to the new situation and new problems in social life.
To adhere to the reality of theoretical research and integrate theory with practice, we must spread our feet, go deep into reality and conduct social investigation and research. This is also the basic way for us to correctly understand society. Only when people go deep into reality, widely contact with objective things, get a lot of perceptual materials, and then use scientific logical thinking methods to get rid of the rough and extract the essence from these materials, and then, from the outside to the inside, can we find a new topic that is practical and suitable for our own research. In the practice of China's reform and opening up, new situations, new problems and new experiences emerge one after another, and problems that need to be studied are all over the society. As long as you have a strong interest in practical problems and a high degree of sensitivity, and are good at capturing vivid and typical realistic materials, through in-depth thinking and research, you can get a regular understanding that is conducive to socialist modernization and improve the value of your graduation thesis. Of course, writing a graduation thesis has a wide range of topics, not limited to real-life problems, but also can study professional basic theories and comparative studies between China and the West. However, no matter what research topic you choose, you should implement the principle of integrating theory with practice, make the past serve the present and make foreign things serve China, learn from historical research that is beneficial to the development of real society, learn from foreign research, learn from their successful experiences and failed lessons, or provide some basis for China's foreign policy.
To implement the principle and method of integrating theory with practice, we must study hard and master theoretical weapons. Comrade Li Ruihuan pointed out that emphasizing integration with practice does not mean denying the importance of reading. On the contrary, read carefully, read repeatedly, dig deeply, study hard, and truly understand and comprehend. Otherwise, how can we talk about integrating theory with practice without mastering theory (Qiushi Magazine No.24, 1989)? Serious study includes two aspects: first, learn professional courses well and have basic professional knowledge. This is the prerequisite and necessary condition for writing a graduation thesis. Experience tells us that only with the corresponding level of knowledge accumulation can we understand a certain depth of academic problems; At the same time, only with a specific knowledge structure can we study the problems of a certain subject. As Hegel said, before discussing academic issues, we must? A little knowledge first? , otherwise,? There is no basis for discussion, so you can only wander in vague and meaningless situations? . (Preface to the Third Edition of Little Logic) Second, we should seriously study the basic principles of Marxism and learn to use Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to analyze and solve problems. Marxism correctly reveals the most general laws of the development of nature, human society and thinking, and has become a powerful ideological weapon for the proletariat and revolutionary people to understand and transform the world. As a great cognitive tool, Marxism does not directly provide answers to various specific problems, but it provides us with correct positions, viewpoints and methods on how to correctly discover, analyze and solve problems. Therefore, when writing graduation thesis, college graduates should learn and master the basic theory of Marxism, and consciously use Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to guide the writing of graduation thesis.
There are two basic requirements for thesis writing: scientific argumentation and innovative viewpoints.
(A) the argument should be scientific
The scientific nature of graduation thesis means that the basic viewpoints and contents of the article can reflect the objective law of the development of things. The basic idea of the article must come from the analysis and research of specific materials, not from subjective imagination. The function of scientific research lies in revealing laws, exploring truth and opening up ways for people to understand and transform the world. To judge whether a paper is valuable, the first thing is to look at the scientific nature of the viewpoint and content of the article.
The scientific nature of the article first comes from the careful investigation and study of objective things. Master a lot of rich and practical materials to make it become? Seek the root of things, the way to accomplish things? .
Secondly, the scientific nature of the article usually depends on whether the author can adhere to the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts when observing and analyzing problems. In scientific research, neither personal prejudice nor conformity is allowed, let alone imagination. But from the analysis, and strive to truly reflect the true colors of things.
Thirdly, whether the article is scientific or not depends on the author's theoretical basis and professional knowledge. Writing a graduation thesis is based on the achievements of predecessors, using the scientific theories put forward by predecessors to explore new problems. Therefore, we must accurately understand and master the predecessors' theories and have a broad and solid knowledge base. If you don't know anything about the scientific achievements in the fields involved in the graduation thesis, it is impossible to write a valuable thesis.
(b) Ideas should be innovative.
The innovation of graduation thesis lies in its value. The innovation of the article, in general, requires that we should not simply repeat the views of our predecessors, but must have our own independent opinions. The reason why academic papers should be innovative is determined by the purpose of scientific research. Fundamentally speaking, people carry out scientific research in order to understand those areas that have not been recognized by people, and the writing of academic papers is the written expression of research results. Therefore, the research and writing process itself is a creative activity. In this sense, if an academic paper is not creative, it is not scientific research, so it cannot be called an academic paper. Although graduation thesis focuses on the basic training of students' scientific research ability, creativity is still a basic requirement it emphasizes.
Of course, we should correctly understand the specific requirements of academic papers, especially graduation papers. It can be manifested as achievements in new fields that have not been explored by predecessors and new topics that have not been done by predecessors; It can be manifested as further research on the basis of predecessors' achievements, new discoveries or new opinions, and the formation of a family statement. It can also be manifested in re-summarizing and expressing existing materials or opinions from a new perspective. The article can scientifically explain new problems in real life and propose solutions, which is naturally creative; Even if we just put forward some new phenomena and problems that can arouse people's attention and thinking, it is still a kind of creativity. In the "Regulations on Invention Awards" issued in March 1983, the Achievement Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission pointed out: In scientific and technological achievements, only those who transform the objective world are inventions, and those who know the objective world are discoveries. ? Is it in line with the regulations? New? Clearly stipulate:? New? Refers to something that no one has before. What is known and what is public? New? . These regulations can be used as an important basis for us to measure the creativity of graduation thesis.
According to the principles stipulated in the "Regulations" and combined with writing practice, the following specific aspects can be considered to measure the creativity of graduation thesis:
(1) has certain theoretical or practical significance in the discipline field of this major, and through independent research, I put forward my own understanding and views.
(2) Although it is a problem that others have studied, the author adopts a new argument angle or a new experimental method, and the conclusions put forward can inspire people to some extent.
(3) Be able to clarify the confused views on a certain issue with your own powerful and thorough analysis. Although there is no updated viewpoint, it can provide some necessary conditions and methods for others to re-study this issue.
(4) Put forward and solve the problems in actual production and life to a certain extent with newer theories and methods, and achieve certain results. Or provide new ideas and data for solving practical problems.
(5) Put forward and solve the problems in this discipline to some extent with the theories of related disciplines.
(6) Use newly discovered materials (data, facts, historical facts, observations, etc.). ) to prove the proved point of view.
Creativity in scientific research requires us not to blindly follow predecessors' conclusions, but to be good at independent thinking, dare to put forward our own independent opinions and dare to deny those outdated conclusions. This requires not only a diligent learning attitude, but also a spirit of pursuing truth and being brave in innovation. To correctly handle the relationship between inheritance and innovation, any innovation does not come out of thin air and is always based on the achievements of predecessors. Therefore, we should seriously study, study and absorb the achievements of our predecessors. But this kind of knowledge is not eaten alive without analysis, but is to be inherited, criticized and developed.
There are three basic requirements for thesis writing: the arguments should be informative and rigorous.
(a) Arguments should be informative.
It is not enough for an excellent graduation thesis to have a good theme and viewpoint, it must also be supported by sufficient and informative argumentation materials. Graduation thesis is different from general argumentative thesis, which is the remarkable feature of graduation thesis. In a general argumentative essay, the author only needs to analyze one or two arguments to prove a point, while the graduation thesis must take a lot of argumentation materials as the basis and pillar of his own point of view. Every time the author establishes an opinion, he should consider: what materials are used as the main evidence and what materials are used as circumstantial evidence; Whether you will have different opinions or negative opinions on your own views, and how to explain or refute the objections held by others. The opinions and opinions that the author is required to put forward in the graduation thesis are really his own, and in order to make his own opinions recognized by others, there must be a lot of sufficient and convincing reasons to prove his correctness.
The argument of graduation thesis should be sufficient and applied appropriately. It is impossible and unnecessary to quote all the research results, facts, incisive expositions, all the actual data, observation results and investigation results in a paper, but take what is necessary and discard what is dispensable. Arguments serve arguments, and simple material accumulation can not only prove arguments, but also powerfully explain arguments, on the contrary, it gives people a feeling that the article is dragging its feet, chaotic and meaningless. Therefore, it is very important to choose the necessary arguments in the collected materials. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the novelty, typicality and representativeness of the argument, and more importantly, we should consider whether it can effectively explain the point of view.
The materials and data cited in the graduation thesis must be correct and reliable, which can withstand scrutiny and verification, that is, the correctness of the argument. The specific requirement is that the cited materials must be confirmed repeatedly. First-hand materials should be fair, verified repeatedly, personal likes and dislikes and assumptions should be removed, and their objective truth should be retained. Second-hand data should be traced back to the source, find the exact source, and deeply understand its meaning, and cannot be taken out of context. Quoting other people's materials serves your own argument, not as an ornament to the chapter. When quoting other people's information, you need to make some efforts to screen and identify it, so as to be accurate. When writing your graduation thesis, you should quote your own practical data and survey results as evidence. If the content of the article is the result of the author's own personal practice, then the value of the article will increase many times. Of course, for college students with limited knowledge and few practical opportunities, it is inevitable to repeat the work of others in the first scientific research and quote more practical achievements and data of others in their graduation thesis. But if the content of the whole article is a combination of indirect things, and you get very little, it will completely lose the meaning of writing a graduation thesis.
(B) the argument should be rigorous
Argumentation is the method and process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument should be rigorous and logical, so as to make the article convincing. The author should proceed from the overall situation of the article, put forward, analyze and solve problems according to the laws of objective things and the procedures of people's understanding of objective things, so that people's logical procedures and cognitive procedures can be unified and the whole article can form a logical whole. Locally speaking, the analysis of a problem and the explanation of a phenomenon should reflect a relatively complete process of concept, judgment and reasoning.
Graduation thesis is an article style based on logical thinking, which demands to understand a large number of scientific styles, reflect the essence or law of things through concepts, judgments and reasoning, and infer the unknown from the known. All kinds of graduation thesis adopt this thinking form. Social science papers often use known facts and take the form of inductive reasoning to gain an understanding of the unknown. In order to make the argument rigorous and logical, we must: (1) judge the concept accurately, which is the premise of logical reasoning; (2) Explain the process of understanding objective things in a hierarchical and orderly manner; (3) take theory as the key link, combine with reality, and embody? Real? Arrive? Virtual? From where? Things? Arrive? Why? That is, the leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.
In addition, writing graduation thesis should also pay attention to the clarity and standardization of style. Academic papers, investigation reports, popular science books, feasibility reports, publicity outlines, etc. Everyone has their own characteristics, and they should not be confused with each other in writing methods.
Fan Wen: On the Intensive Management of Human Resources in State Grid Electric Power Enterprises
First,? Big five? New requirements of system construction for human resources work
The Fifth Workers' Congress of the First Session of State Grid Corporation proposed to build a system of big planning, big construction, big operation, big production and big marketing. ? Big five? System construction involves the main business areas of the company, including the comprehensive promotion of intensive management of human resources. At the same time, due to the changes in the management mode and business process of the main business of power grid, it will also involve the establishment of organizational structure, the definition of management responsibilities, the configuration of human resources and the construction of management mechanism, the handling of complex relationships within enterprises, the adjustment of interest pattern and a series of work organization and implementation [1]. This requires human resource management to change organizational structure, innovate management methods, optimize business processes, and actively promote the fundamental transformation of enterprise management from compartmentalization to coordination and unity, from decentralized extensive to centralized lean.
Second, the goal of intensive management of human resources
What is overall performance management? Three promotions? For the goal, that is, promotion? Centralized resources, unified management and standardized standards? Characterized by intensive level, improve the efficiency and benefit of overall performance management; Promoted to? Full online, full support, full monitoring, wide connection, more * * * enjoyment, * * * promotion? Improve the efficiency and control level of performance management of all employees with the characteristics of informatization level; Promoted to? Pay attention to both results and process? Guide, measure, analyze and promote all behaviors and activities of the company's production and operation, guide all personnel to pay attention to value creation and value appreciation, reduce ineffective labor, reduce repeated waste, and jointly improve the company's short-term value and long-term value [2]. The three goals are to support each other, coordinate with each other and cooperate with each other to promote the company's strategic goals and scientific, healthy and sustainable development.
Thirdly, the concrete practice of intensive human resource management in state grid enterprises.
(1) strengthening? Institutionalization? Construction, construction of the normal mechanism of talent flow
By establishing the organization, operation and guarantee system of internal human resources market, we will improve the policy guidance and system guarantee of personnel flow, promote the orderly and reasonable flow of employees, and optimize the existing human resources allocation.
1. Establish a hierarchical management structure with each unit as the main body under the leadership of the company, and the company will organize and coordinate the internal human resources market and make overall arrangements for human resources. Each unit shall establish and improve the organizational management system according to the management requirements, set up an internal human resources market construction leading group, be responsible for the construction and operation of its own human resources market, and organize the internal human resources allocation.
2. Formulate the internal human resources market construction plan and temporary management measures, strengthen the policy guidance and system guarantee of talent flow, and initially establish the internal human resources market operation mechanism by standardizing market operation rules, clarifying market operation processes and standardizing human resources allocation methods. Each unit shall formulate specific implementation rules and related management systems in combination with the characteristics of posts and personnel.
3. Establish an internal human resources market assessment mechanism, introduce indicators such as internal professional allocation balance and cross-unit (regional) personnel flow contribution, and comprehensively supervise the internal human resources market construction and operation management of each unit. Compare the situation of overstaffed personnel, employment structure optimization and internal market allocation. Polishing? Management, employment planning, graduate recruitment and other work are organically combined. Commend the units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in their work, and carry out informed criticism in case of ineffective task implementation and serious problems.
4. Improve the incentive mechanism for market construction, encourage units that solve the problem of overstaffing, subsidize those who support production and construction in hard and remote areas, and implement on-the-job training and assessment for those who are waiting for posts. Organize all units to formulate incentive measures based on their own actual research, strengthen the management and training of internal market personnel, expand the application of performance appraisal results of all employees in market allocation, and improve the supporting role for the market.
(2) execution? Diversification? Measures to optimize staffing
Through the implementation of post competition, talent assistance, labor cooperation, temporary secondment, on-the-job training, organization and deployment, etc., we will enrich the employee flow mode and explore the cross-regional, cross-unit and interdisciplinary cooperation and allocation of human resources [3].
1. Specification personnel? Hard flow? Methods: Make clear the requirements and processes of organization and deployment, and openly compete for employment. Management posts, technical posts and production posts can be supplemented by organization and deployment or post competition. From junior posts to senior posts, from grass-roots units to management organs, they generally have to pass examinations and take the form of post competition for selection.
2. Implementation personnel? Soft flow? Configuration, realize human resources * * *. Standardize the scope of application, basic requirements and implementation process of attachment training, labor cooperation, temporary secondment, talent assistance and other allocation methods, and clarify that each unit can choose the appropriate allocation method according to the actual situation, effectively manage and allocate existing human resources, realize the full enjoyment of human resources, and reduce the management and use cost of human resources.
3. By introducing competition mechanism and strengthening performance appraisal, employees with strong development will, outstanding post ability and excellent work performance will be treated reasonably and have more development opportunities. For those who can't meet the requirements of the post or fail to pass the examination, they will be transferred to the job training or enter the internal talent market to wait for the post, forming a dynamic management mechanism in which the post can be promoted and demoted and the treatment changes with the post.
(3) strengthening? Informatization? Construction, realize the whole process management control.
Relying on the internal human resources supply and demand platform built by State Grid Corporation, the whole process management and monitoring of the optimal allocation of human resources in each unit can be realized, and the changing trend of the internal market can be dynamically grasped.
Organize each unit to break down the staffing in detail and establish the information base of overstaffed and understaffed personnel. Organize each unit to break down the staffing from the dimensions of organization, specialty and post, and analyze? Dominance? The current situation of overstaffed personnel. Considering the factors of employees' age, education, skills and job matching, the weight coefficient of overstaffed and overstaffed employees is reasonably set and analyzed. Recessive? The current situation of overstaffed people determines the actual demand of human resources.
Regularly analyze the current situation of human resources, and regularly publish different levels of job and talent supply information. Docking with ERP human resource management and control system, dynamically analyzing and adjusting the status quo of staffing. For vacant positions, according to? Polishing? Management requirements, clear job standards, and release job demand information; For supernumerary posts, release personnel supply information according to the approved staffing and staffing status.
Implement staffing, and analyze and evaluate the effect. According to the employee's own reality and job requirements, query and confirm the matching information between jobs and personnel, and the qualified supply and demand sides will communicate and confirm. Implement configuration after approval, enter configuration information, and analyze, evaluate and feedback the improvement of staffing effect on a regular basis.
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Promoting the intensive management of human resources in State Grid electric power enterprises is the new requirement of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development. Only by deepening the intensive management and system innovation of human resources can we improve the overall management level of enterprises, which is also a subject that we need to study and innovate continuously in our future work.
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