I made an in-depth study of this composition. The teacher thinks that the key is to carefully examine the questions, whether it is writing in the examination room or training at ordinary times. Don't rush to write when you see the composition topic. The most important thing at the moment is to carefully examine the questions, because only by carefully examining the questions and seeing the requirements can we write a composition that meets the standards, and there will be no tragedy of "writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li". We should grasp the key words in the topic and buckle them to conceive and write. This is an effective way to prevent digression.
At the same time, whether it is a propositional composition (including a semi-propositional composition), a topic composition or a material composition, there is a paragraph of written material, so we must read and think carefully to find out the original intention of the material, the intention of the proposer and the implied requirements.
There are also various methods about the beginning and end of an article. The writing of the beginning and the end is indefinite and regular. The so-called "regularity" means that there are some skills in writing, such as choosing the best angle of entry. Clever use of poetry allusions and so on. Let's talk about the common skills at the beginning and the end.
The beginning of the article is the face of an article. Whether this face looks good or not is directly related to the reader's interest in reading the whole article.
There are many skills and methods about the beginning of the article. For example, come straight to the point-say the central idea you want to express in the opening paragraph. If it is a narrative, you can point out what story you want to tell at the beginning; If it is an essay, you can start with the main idea and central idea to be expressed-this will give readers a sense of closeness, shorten the reading distance and easily attract readers' attention. In addition, there is an open form that is opposite to these methods, starting with an opinion or story that is opposite to your own opinion or story. Ma Nancun's "Yanshan Night Talk" has an article "Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers", which begins like this:
Recently, when people talk about the World Table Tennis Championships and other achievements, they often quote the idiom "Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers" to describe the emerging young power in China. I think this sentence is not bad as a general metaphor, but when you think about it, this metaphor is not very appropriate. Because it is a newborn calf, it is actually not as good as a tiger, but it is not afraid. Maybe it doesn't know how to be afraid. And our younger generation has completely proved that they are not comparable to newborn calves at all, and their strength is stronger than that of tigers.
The main idea of this article is to praise the strength and vigor of the younger generation in China, which is "stronger than tigers", but it adds a lot of color to the article by starting with "newborn calves are not afraid of tigers".
For another example, there is an opening method that can be explained. At the beginning of the article, first explain the cause, motivation, background or the influence and significance discussed in the article. Correspondingly, there is also a leading-out opening method, that is, starting from a specific person, event, social phenomenon, natural phenomenon and so on. , which leads to the topic, theme and opening method of the event to be told. There is an article "A gentle breeze and drizzle are good", which begins like this:
Spring is coming, drizzling, breezy, full of spring and vitality.
In the face of the illusion of nature, a pair of Spring Festival couplets suddenly appeared in my mind: "The drizzle broke the jade on the branches of red plum, and the breeze blew away the gold in the green willow leaves." After careful study, I think this couplet is not only neat and sonorous, but also contains certain philosophy and is intriguing. You see, the drizzle and breeze, seemingly soft with weakness, are actually soft with blades and soft with rigidity, which can really break the jade and stir up the vitality of nature. It's really amazing.
After a detailed description of the spring scenery and an appreciation of the Spring Festival couplets, the author gradually introduced some of his own ideas and understandings. This is a very distinctive example that begins with "deduction".
There is also a starting technique, which we can call "gradual method". When telling a story, you can gradually introduce the story from far to near according to the normal time or spatial order, so as to attract people's attention. When expressing opinions, we can start with the general principles or laws of things and gradually talk about the central idea or main content of the article. This opening method is the most commonly used.
In addition, it is necessary to talk about the "doubt method". This kind of opening way is to ask questions at the beginning of the article, or set a suspense that interests readers, and then explain it later, slowly revealing the mystery. For example, Zong Pu's Wisteria Falls begins like this: "I can't help but stop." A seemingly insignificant sentence can make people think a lot: the author must have walked before, what kind of wonders can keep him alive, what kind of magnificence can hold his heart, and what kind of fairyland can make him stay forever amazed, and the reader's heart is caught at once.
Some of the above skills and methods about how to start an article have their own characteristics. In practical application, you can master it flexibly according to the content of the article and personal habits. At the same time, other methods can be summarized, such as quoting famous sayings and poems as the beginning, using dialogue as the beginning and so on.
The skills and methods at the end of the article are the same as those at the beginning of the article, which can not be ignored. The most common ending method is called "chop-chop". The main structure was completed and came to an abrupt end. There is no unnecessary delay, too many unnecessary modifications or supplements, which can give readers a distinct impression of the subject. For example, O Henry's short story "The Gift of the Magi" has always attracted readers' attention with suspense until the cover was unveiled at the end of the article: Della sold her flowing long hair and bought a platinum watch chain, while Jim sold his ancestral gold watch and bought a comb. The ending was unexpected; Increased the appeal of the novel.
Reviewing or taking care of the title or the beginning of an article is also a way to make the end of an article vivid and meaningful, which is called "echo method" A classmate started his essay "Confession" like this: "People often say that there is no regret medicine in the world. I don't think this sentence is necessarily accurate. " Look at his ending again: "No, it's not too late to mend." How natural the echo of the beginning and the end is. For another example, "Wisteria Falls" ends like this: "In this faint Zi Xia and faint purple fragrance, I feel that I have accelerated my pace." The response begins with "I can't help but stop." It can be seen that the author's movements have experienced a process of "walking-stopping-walking": the first "walking" may be a walk, but he was attracted by the wisteria blooming by the roadside, so he stopped to enjoy it; The "walk" at the end has a deeper meaning-people have realized the meaning of life in the glory and fragrance of wisteria. The author was deeply encouraged, so he went to the infinite fulcrum of life. This kind of response from beginning to end can strengthen the reader's sense of identity and easily arouse the reader's feelings.
The common ending method is to clearly summarize the central idea and main content of an article, or even make the finishing point. Proper summary and induction will often add a lot of color to the article. There is also an ending method, which uses the ending to extend a new meaning and explain it a little, or from individual to general, which is thought-provoking and memorable. This ending method is called "extension method". Another ending method, which has the same effect as "extension method", is called "suggestion method", that is, at the end, the story, viewpoint and central idea mentioned in the article are used to give readers suggestions or calls, thus generating an appeal, thus stimulating readers to think deeply and respond, and put them into practice.
Finally, a "supplementary method" is introduced, that is, adding a situation, an idea, an event, or the reason and motivation of writing at the end.
However, we cannot mechanically copy all these skills and methods from beginning to end. We should learn to change in these "ways of dying", proceed from reality and truly enter the freedom of "impossible" articles.
In addition, about how to write a good composition. The teacher will give you some excerpts from a material she made for our website before, hoping to help you.
High score skills of composition in examination room
How to write a good composition is a big topic, and it is often said that "different people have different opinions." Due to the limited space, I can't go into details here. Now I will briefly describe some skills on how to improve the composition level and improve the composition score in the examination room, hoping to give you practical help.
I hope you can read it patiently, and I believe you will benefit a lot from it.
1, study hard and accumulate materials.
Many students often feel that they have no material to write in the examination room. Even if they are forced out, the materials they choose often make people feel meaningless and lack typicality. A good article is inseparable from the support of good materials, which occupy a large number of fresh and unique composition materials and are the source of writing a good composition in the examination room. Paying attention to social development and human progress, and paying attention to social hotspots related to junior high school students' study, life and growth are the core contents of the composition material database. The collection of materials, first of all, should pay attention to life, pay attention to collect typical meaningful things in your life that can touch yourself and others; Second, carefully select life-rich materials from the full marks of the senior high school entrance examination and the usual student compositions over the years, and skillfully choose them for our use; Third, consciously collect and sort out people's deeds and philosophical quotes from literary masterpieces, historical figures, movies, newspapers and other channels and apply them to composition training. In order to enrich the content and improve the quality of your composition.
To put it bluntly, the composition for the senior high school entrance examination is "memory+skill+personalization = success". Memory, relying on eye work-see more and read more-accumulate materials for my use; Skills, through more handwriting and more practice-practice makes perfect and skills bloom; Individualization, relying on heart-thinking hard-being brave in innovation and inspiring people.
So for everyone, from now on, we must try our best to recite a perfect composition or newspaper essay that you think is the best within one week, strengthen the awareness of composition quality in the examination room, and establish our own material library; Keep practicing writing, try to apply the writing skills you have learned to writing. Keeping a diary is an important way to practice writing, but pay attention to the effectiveness of the diary.
2. Carefully examine the questions and carefully conceive them.
Whether it's writing in the examination room or training at ordinary times, don't rush to write when you see the topic of the composition. The most important thing at the moment is to carefully examine the questions, because only by examining the questions and seeing the requirements can we write a composition that meets the standards, and there will be no tragedy of "writing a thousand words and pulling Wan Li". At the same time, whether it is a propositional composition (including a semi-propositional composition), a topic composition or a material composition, there is a paragraph of written material, and candidates must read and think carefully to find out the original intention of the material, the intention of the proposer and the implied requirements.
On the basis of careful examination, carefully selected and carefully conceived. When selecting materials, we must pay attention to choosing the best style and typical materials that we are most familiar with. In fact, before we start writing, we can regard ourselves as reviewers and grade the composition we want to write first.
In addition, pay attention to improving the center of the article when revealing the main idea, so that your article will be upgraded and get high marks.
3. Pay attention to "packaging" and create "bright spots"
Now there is a very popular word, that is, packaging, which plays a very important role from goods to stars. For our composition, good packaging is also one of the keys to getting high marks. Therefore, our composition must pay attention to packaging, through packaging, create a "bright spot" of the work and improve the score of the composition.
(1) Name a topic that can "attract others' attention"
If it is a topic composition or a composition for materials, you can generally draw up your own topic. If you "draw up your own topic", you should carefully draw up a topic that can "attract others' attention". This is often the first highlight of your composition, which will give the marking teacher a good first impression.
The general principles of the topic to be selected are to be relevant (to penetrate the spirit of the material and grasp its main idea), to be relevant (to suit the style of the article and tailor it to suit the circumstances), to be innovative (to say old sayings, to add or delete famous sayings, idioms and proverbs, and to explore new ideas) and to be interesting (to be humorous and intriguing). According to the requirements of these principles or their combination, "bright topic" will often give the marking teacher a surprise and make him have a good impression on your article.
(2) Pay attention to the packaging structure
A good structure can give people a refreshing feeling, which not only makes the article clear, but also makes the reviewers pleasing to the eye and refreshing. Finally, your article can stick to the teacher's eyes and touch his heartstrings. Naturally, it is not easy not to give you high marks.
The most common structural packaging of junior high school compositions are:
A, parallelism segment structure.
The parallel structure of the parallel segment is distinct and symmetrical, which makes people feel refreshing and pleasing to the eye. For example, the essay "I live in a challenge" in 2005, the semi-proposition of the curriculum reform area in Hainan Province, put forward the argument at the beginning, and then discussed the four objects of the challenge from four angles: challenging inferiority, challenging laziness, challenging jealousy and challenging greed.
Guiding the whole section with one sentence at the beginning of each section actually has the function of dividing arguments.
B, the inscription structure.
That is, under the title of the composition and above the text, a concise famous saying, epigram or a wonderful speech is quoted as the inscription of the full text to highlight the center of this article or guide readers to understand. For example, the inscription of the essay "Bring the Beauty of Dawn to me who was once lost" is: "Blue is about to turn into purple, which also indicates that ruthless night will soon replace this beauty, but I still firmly believe that ruthless night is also generous!" This symbolic and lyrical inscription adds to the cultural background and lyrical meaning of this article. Of course, it would be better if you could write a "postscript" at the end, echo the inscription from a distance, or skillfully point out the topic or make a statement.
C, subtitle structure
In an article, carefully designing two or three subtitles has two advantages: first, it can reduce interlanguage and make the article compact and pleasing to the eye; The second is to make readers grasp the main points of the article quickly. For example, in 2004, Zibo, Shandong Province used four subtitles in the perfect composition "Water Sacrifice" with the theme of "Scenery": Scenery 1: It rained in succession during the Qingming Festival; Landscape 2: pedestrians on the road want to break their souls; Scenery 3: Excuse me, where is the restaurant? Scene 4: The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village.
These four subheadings skillfully quoted four ancient poems written by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty, and wrote four landscapes, comparing ancient and modern times, demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages, and telling people that the pollution and destruction of water resources are worrying and should arouse people's high vigilance.
In addition, diary structure, script structure and practical writing structure are often used in the packaging of the structure, which plays an important role in beautifying the composition structure and improving the composition score.
However, it should be emphasized that the structure of the composition should be subordinate to the needs of the content. You can't mess with the structure for the sake of innovation, otherwise it will be as counterproductive as a person wearing clothes that don't fit.
(3) Packaging at the beginning and end
Write the first paragraph well and make the marking teacher feel refreshed with a beautiful beginning. The opening of the examination composition should be "straight to the point". However, there are many statements about what kind of mountain to go straight to. Whether it is barren hills in Tuling, green mountains and green waters, or even flowers and fruits full of mountains, the effect is different. If you take "home" as the topic, it is natural to start simply: home is a warm hut. My mother loves me, my father loves me, and I grew up under the care of my family. The beginning of the figurative metaphor: (Home is like a big umbrella. Parents hold up a clear sky for their children with love, and children have filial piety to offer a ray of comfort to their parents. For another example, home is like a pot of delicious soup, and that affection is like the fragrance of this soup. This taste is a combination of my sour taste, my father's sweet taste, my mother's bitter taste and my brother's spicy taste. )
When the composition is written at the beginning of the examination room, the anxious marking teacher may give you a high score immediately, while the impatient marking teacher will appreciate your main part with great interest. Writing at the beginning is like reeling, which is of great benefit to the main part of your composition.
The ending should not be underestimated, and a good ending is like dried fruit, which is chewy; Such as alcohol, it is memorable; Like a beautiful song, the sound is endless. Simple and easy-to-use methods are: give consideration to both ends-because it often gives people the feeling of doing it in one go; Expressing feelings, memorable-because of emotional agitation, marking teachers often can not forget for a long time; Enlighten people at the end of the article-common in discussion and summary, push the text to a climax and sublimate the artistic conception; It contains philosophy and is thought-provoking; Implicit image, make the finishing point.
(4) Pay attention to the packaging language
It is a well-known fact that words should be beautiful and articles should be beautiful. Generally, lively and beautiful words are always attractive and fascinating; On the contrary, those old languages that lack literariness look disgusting and make people stay away from them. Therefore, we should pay attention to the packaging of composition language, so that our composition language will be vivid and lively, and we will have the fear of "reading fatigue" and the feeling of "pleasing to the eye".
Language can be packaged by skillfully using rhetoric, refining words and phrases, and sticking words with emotion. It should also be pointed out that language packaging should also pay attention to the characteristics of style and the language differences between narrative, explanatory and argumentative texts.
4. The roll surface is neat and beautiful.
Pay attention to the roll surface with "fine eyes" Tattoos are like faces. People, three-point looks and seven-point dresses, are all beautiful. If a composition can be neat and standardized, it will leave a good impression on the marking teacher, so that the marking teacher can "fall in love at first sight" and easily mark the paper. What's more, the neatness and standardization of writing itself is also an important basic skill of composition. The requirements of writing in the examination room are: to achieve "three cleanness"-neat volume, clear handwriting and clear strokes. Keep in mind the "three noes"-the beginning and the end should be written on the manuscript paper first, and then copied on the roll paper, without missing a word or changing a word. Adhere to the "three principles"-every word on the paper should be "square, symmetrical and neatly arranged".
If the composition in the examination room can be dressed as beautiful as a married bride, the marking teacher will fall in love with you at first sight.