"People are not born knowing, how can they not be confused?" , from the Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu's Shi Shuo.

The meaning of this sentence is: people are not born with many reasons, who can have no doubts? Tell us to study more so that we can learn more knowledge.

Chinese name

People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt?

source

Teacher's theory of Han Yu, a writer in Tang Dynasty

To annotate ...

Who: Who? Confusion: the difficult question is not: no.

author

Han Yu

catalogue

1? original text

2? meaning

3? To annotate ...

4? source

5? style

6? author

7? Creation background

original text

Ancient scholars (1) must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts (2). People are not born to know (3), who can not be confused? Being confused and not learning from the teacher is confused (4) and finally incomprehensible. Born before me (5), his smell (6) is also fixed before me, so I can learn (7); After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. My teacher is also a teacher (8). Fu Yong knows that his years were born in me (9)? Therefore, (10) is nothing (1 1) expensive, neither cheap nor long nor short, and Tao exists (12).

meaning

1. Scholars: people who study.

2. Teachers, so they are taught by majors. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, teaches truth to students and explains difficult problems. Therefore, for ... Tao refers to the Confucian Tao. Accept, pass the "grant" and teach. Industry generally refers to ancient classics, history, the study of philosophers, and ancient writing. Confusion, puzzle

3. People are not born knowing: People are not born knowing the truth. Meaning refers to knowledge and truth. "The Analects of Confucius Jishi": "Those who are born with knowledge are also on the top; Those who learn and know, second; Learn from difficulties, secondly; If you are sleepy and don't learn, the next one is the people. " Yes, I understand.

What is puzzling is his doubts.

5. Born before me: Born before me. Hu: It is equivalent to "Yu", which is the same as "Hu" in "I'll go first" below.

6. Smell: Listening means knowing and understanding.

7. Learn from him: follow (him) and worship him as a teacher. Take ... as a teacher. Learn from the teacher, learn from the teacher.

8. My teacher Ye Tao: I (learn from him). Teacher, used as a verb

9. Fu Yong knows that he was born to me: where can I consider whether he is older than me or younger than me? Yong, send word, don't. Know, understand, know. It, for example, is independent.

10. Yes, therefore, therefore.

1 1. None: No matter, no matter.

12. Where the Tao is, so is the teacher: it means that where the Tao is, the teacher is there.

To annotate ...

Who: Who? Confusion: the difficult question is not: no.

source

Han Yu's Shi Shuo

style

"Shuo" is a style of describing things by narrative, discussion or explanation in ancient times. You can not only make comments, but also take notes, all to show the author's point of view and explain the reason for accommodation.

On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." The language of Shuo is usually concise and profound; The style of writing is flexible and generally similar to modern essays. Usually we adopt the method of seeing the big from the small, and explain things by telling fables and describing things. This is what we call "the meaning of support".

"Say" means "talk". For example, "Ma Shuo" can be literally interpreted as "talking about the problem of maxima"

Ailian's Tales, Snake Catcher's Tales, World Tales and Borrowing Books all belong to this type.

author

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Han Yu (AD 768-824), a famous writer, philosopher, thinker and politician in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now Jiaozuo, mengzhou city, Henan Province). Originally from dengzhou city, Henan Province, he was known as Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of official department, also known as Han official department, and posthumous title was also known as Han Wengong, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. After 792, he was promoted for our time and supervised the imperial history. De Zongmo was demoted for writing about the disadvantages of current politics. In Tang Xianzong, he was a doctor in Guo Zi, a historian and a calligrapher in China. In August19 (in the 14th year of Yuanhe), he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou for discouraging Xianzong from welcoming Buddha bones. Mu Zong was then the son of the nation offering wine, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the official department, and Jing was the suggestion.

Politically, he opposed the separatist regime in the buffer region. Xian Zongyuan and He took an active part in the war against Huai and Wu Yuanji, and served as the marching Sima of Pei Du. Ideological worship of Confucianism, rejection of Buddhism. At the same time advocate the theory of destiny. It is believed that "heaven" can reward good and punish evil, and people can only conform to and obey the destiny. His theistic thought adapted to the need of consolidating feudal rule; In literature, he opposed parallel prose since Wei and Jin Dynasties, advocated learning the prose language of pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, turning parallel prose into prose, expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese, and advocating that literature should carry Tao. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, which opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Han Yu is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language. He can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "adding insult to injury", "complaining easily" and "chaos". He is a master of languages. Han Yu is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.

Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu, and the Ming people regarded him as the head of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great writer" and "a hundred schools of literature", all his works are included in the Collected Works of Mr. Changli.

Creation background

The author shows that anyone can be his own teacher and should not refuse to learn modestly because of status or age difference. At the end of the article, Confucius testified with his own words and deeds, explaining that seeking advice and attaching importance to Taoism is a practice since ancient times, and people should not abandon the ancient road at that time.

This is an important essay in Han Yu's prose. This paper discusses the necessity and principles of learning from teachers, criticizes the bad habit of "being ashamed of learning from teachers" in society at that time, shows extraordinary courage and fighting spirit, and the spirit of the author expressing his opinions regardless of the secular.

In ancient China, school education was very developed, and there were official schools from the central government to the local government. Han Yu was thirty-five years old when he wrote this article, and was teaching in imperial academy. Then, why did Han Yu say that "ancient scholars must have teachers" and "teachers will not be handed down to the world for a long time"? It turns out that what he called "teacher" has its unique meaning. It does not refer to school teachers at all levels of government, nor does it refer to the enlightenment teachers who "read their books and learn their sentences", but refers to people who have succeeded in school in society and can "get news from their profession". Han Yu is famous for being such a self-righteous person and a good teacher. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that he is a "scholar after his success, and his name is often the same". After much advice, they are all called cold disciples. "

In the Tang Dynasty, the gate valve system has been followed since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Noble children all entered Hong Wen Pavilion, Chongwen Pavilion and Guo Zi School. No matter what you study, there are officials to do. The social background of Han Yu's Shi Shuo can be seen from a passage in Liu Zongyuan's reply to Wei Zhongli's Shi Shuo. Liu Zongyuan said: "From the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people benefited from not being a teacher. I don't know there are teachers in this world, but I don't want to laugh at them. I think crazy people and independent Han Yu are unscrupulous, laughing and cursing, learning after being scolded, and writing "teacher's words" as a teacher because of resistance. The world is full of strange fruit and scolds it, pointing to the eyes and pulling it, adding it to the words. The more you have a crazy name. Living in Chang 'an, I'm not familiar with cooking and I'm at a loss about the East. If there is, I will count. "It can be seen that Han Yu's" Shi Shuo ",which publicizes his views with great fanfare, is commendable.

In fact, Shi Shuo can be regarded as a solemn declaration of Han Yu advocating "ancient prose". Since the Six Dynasties, parallel prose has prevailed, and writing articles does not pay attention to ideological content, but emphasizes antithesis and flowery rhetoric. Although some works with high artistic achievements have been produced, they have led to the proliferation of floating winds in literary creation. This fashion has been popular until the middle Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was not the first person to advocate "ancient prose", but he was a master. No matter in literary theory or creative practice, he strongly promoted the rise and development of the "ancient prose movement", advocated and practiced "writing to carry Tao", and trained a large number of young people interested in ancient prose creation.