Business training requirements:
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory, composition, structure, performance and the relationship between production conditions of inorganic non-metallic materials and composite materials, and have the ability of material testing, production process design, material modification, research and development of new products, new technologies and equipment and technical management.
[Edit this paragraph] Main disciplines:
Materials science and engineering
[Edit this paragraph] Main course:
Physical chemistry, properties of inorganic materials, testing and research methods, powder engineering, material preparation principle, thermal processing and equipment, inorganic material technology (including silicate and composite materials), etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Main practical teaching links:
Including professional experiments, metalworking practice, production practice (including graduation practice), curriculum design, computer application and computer practice, graduation design (thesis).
[Edit this paragraph] Major professional experiments:
Physical and chemical properties of materials, experiments on technological properties of materials, crystal phase analysis of materials, etc. Study period: four years. Awarded degrees: Chongqing Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei Institute of Chemical Technology, Liaoning University, Dalian Institute of Light Industry, Dalian University of Technology, Jilin University of Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Jilin Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Southwest University of Technology, Guizhou University, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an University of Architecture and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Yanshan University, Taiyuan University of Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology Liaoning University of Technology shenyang institute of chemical technology Qiqihar University harbin university of science and technology Shanghai University of Technology Jiangsu University Yancheng Institute of Technology Anhui University of Technology Anhui Institute of Architecture and Technology Jiangxi University of Technology Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jinan University Shandong Institute of Light Industry Wuhan Institute of Chemical Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Guangxi University Guilin University of Technology (formerly Guilin Institute of Technology) Shenyang jianzhu university Harbin Institute of Technology Chengdu University of Technology Xi An Institute of Technology Shijiazhuang Railway Institute Donghua Institute of Technology China North University changchun university of science and technology beijing university of chemical technology Tianjin University East China University of Science and Technology Southeast University Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hunan University Central South University South China University of Technology Changsha University of Science and Technology Sichuan University shenyang ligong university Zibo College Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Shandong University Hebei University of Technology Hebei University of Science and Technology Hebei University of Engineering Hebei Institute of Architecture and Technology Donghua University Hohai University Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang Institute of Technology Hefei University of Technology Henan Urban Construction College Gansu University of Technology Chaohu College Chang 'an University.
[Edit this paragraph] Development trend of inorganic nonmetallic materials industry
1. The role and position of inorganic nonmetallic materials in national economic construction. As one of the four major materials (steel, nonferrous metals, organic and inorganic nonmetallic materials), inorganic nonmetallic materials industry plays an important role in China's economic construction. In recent years, inorganic nonmetallic materials not only have unprecedented development in variety, but also have further extension in connotation. According to different functions and functions of inorganic nonmetallic materials, inorganic nonmetallic materials can be divided into traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials (building materials) and new inorganic nonmetallic materials. There are many kinds of traditional inorganic non-metallic materials, mainly referring to bulk inorganic building materials, including cement, glass, ceramics and building (wall) materials. Its output accounts for the vast majority of inorganic nonmetallic materials. Building materials are closely related to people's quality of life. Inorganic nonmetallic new materials refer to new materials with high strength, light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and a series of excellent comprehensive properties such as special electricity, light, sound and magnetism. They are functional materials and structural materials that cannot be replaced by other materials. Inorganic nonmetallic new materials have unique properties and are indispensable key materials for high-tech industries. For example, rare earth-doped time-sensitive glass is widely used in laser ranging systems such as missiles, satellites and tank fire control weapons, and radiation-resistant time-sensitive glass is used in attitude control systems of various satellites and spacecraft; Fiber optic panels and microchannel plates are used as image intensifiers and low-light-level night vision components in all-weather weapons. Aviation glass provides key components for various military aircraft in China. Laser, nonlinear optics and infrared crystals in artificial crystal materials are used in ballistic guidance, electronic countermeasures, submarine communication, laser weapons and so on. Among special ceramics, high-temperature resistant and high-toughness ceramics can be used in aviation, aerospace engines and satellite remote sensing, and can be used to make bulletproof armored ceramics and special fibers with special properties for electronic countermeasures. At present, nearly 4000 kinds of new inorganic nonmetallic materials with high performance and multifunction have been developed. These high-performance materials play a very important role in developing modern weapons and equipment. 2. International development trends In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, there have been some new development trends in both traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials and inorganic nonmetallic materials. Western developed countries have taken many important measures to promote the healthy and sustainable development of traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials industry by strengthening the awareness of ecological environment protection, establishing a scientific evaluation system and realizing sustainable development. Developed countries in the world attach great importance to the sustainable development and green evaluation of building materials industry. Ecological assessment has also become an important means of sustainable development in the world. At present, many countries are carrying out the construction and practice of "eco-city", popularizing building energy-saving technical materials and using recyclable materials to improve urban ecosystem. Therefore, the concepts of green building materials, environmental protection building materials and energy-saving building materials have been put forward, and a lot of research and practical work have been carried out. Compared with western developed countries, there is still a big gap in China, especially the lack of legislative support, technical standards guidance and management supervision of corresponding organizations, which makes the development of traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials industry in China still have a lot of room for improvement. Facing the severe test of resources and environment on China's economic development, the sustainable development strategy of national economy is becoming more and more important.
[Edit this paragraph] Developing towards energy saving and consumption reduction.
The traditional inorganic nonmetallic material industry is a big energy consumer. Under the situation of energy shortage in the world today, how to produce energy-saving and consumption-reducing products and how to produce high-quality building energy-saving and thermal insulation products is an important trend in the development of building materials industry. Choose the development mode of resource saving, lowest pollution, quality benefit and leading technology. New wall materials, high-quality doors and windows and insulating glass will be widely used. It is developing in the direction of improving material properties and service life. Low-life design and repeated construction seriously restrict the development of urban construction. Modern buildings need the support of high-performance building materials, and improving the durability of buildings puts forward higher requirements for the service life of building materials.
[Edit this paragraph] Single-line production capacity is developing to scale.
Whether in cement industry, glass industry or ceramic industry, the production capacity of a single production line tends to be huge. Large production lines can effectively improve product quality and reduce energy consumption.
[Edit this paragraph] to develop intellectually.
Intelligent building needs the support of building materials. With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of living standards, intelligent technologies such as intelligent diagnosis of building materials safety will be more applied to buildings.
[Edit this paragraph] to compound and multi-functional.
Composite materials have functions that can not be satisfied by a single material, which is the development trend of building materials, and the functional requirements of building materials tend to be more and more multifunctional. In the United States, Japan, Western Europe and other developed countries, the development of inorganic non-metallic new materials is listed as the focus of science and technology development strategy. For example, in order to maintain the leading position of high-tech and military equipment, the United States has successively formulated the Advanced Materials and Technology Plan (AMPP) and the National Key Technology Report, in which new materials are the first of the six key technologies, and inorganic non-metallic new materials account for a considerable proportion; Seven of the 14 basic research plans in the field of new materials listed in "Industrial Pillars in the Early 20th Century" published by Japan are related to the research field of inorganic nonmetallic new materials. For example, developed countries attach great importance to the industrial production and application technology research of composite materials. Through the breakthrough of key technologies, realize the industrialization of materials; Industrial application promotes the maturity and innovation of technology; The application of new materials has stimulated the emergence of new industries and created new application fields.
[Edit this paragraph] 3. The gap and problems of inorganic nonmetallic materials in China.
3. 1 traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials There are many problems in the development of inorganic nonmetallic materials industry in China, especially the gap between traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials and foreign advanced level is large, which mainly includes: (1) Low product grade. Among traditional inorganic nonmetallic materials, the product grades of cement, glass and ceramics are generally low. For example, the strength of cement clinker in developed countries is generally above 70MPa, while the average strength in China is only 50 MPa. China's high-grade cement (ISO≥42.5) only accounts for 18%, and a large number of low-grade cement (ISO≤32.5) is produced, while high-grade cement in many developed countries accounts for more than 90%. (2) High resource consumption In terms of resource consumption, the cement and ceramic industries are more prominent. Due to a large number of disorderly mining, limited resources have not been fully utilized, resulting in great waste. For example, the main raw material for producing cement clinker is high-quality limestone, and its chemical composition must meet the requirements of CaO content not less than 45% and MgO not higher than 3%. China can meet the requirements of cement production, and the available amount is only about 25 billion tons. At present, the production of cement consumes about 550 million tons of high-quality limestone every year, so this reserve can only produce about 20 billion tons of cement clinker, which can only meet the needs of cement production for about 40 years. (3) High energy consumption In the production process of building materials, a lot of energy is consumed. For example, the cement industry consumes 910.06 million tons of standard coal and 65 billion kwh of electricity every year. The energy consumption of cement production in China is much higher than the advanced level in the world. Based on the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of clinker, the advanced level in the world is 1 17Kg standard coal, and that in China is 173.5Kg standard coal, which is more than 50% higher. In foreign countries, oxy-fuel combustion technology has been widely used in glass industry, but only a few glass fiber production lines have used this technology. (4) The cement industry with serious environmental pollution emits about 555 million tons of greenhouse gas CO2, 686,000 tons of SO2 and 2.06 million tons of nitrogen oxides every year; At present, the average dust emission per ton of clinker in other advanced countries
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Countermeasures and suggestions for developing inorganic nonmetallic materials industry
In view of the present situation of inorganic nonmetallic materials industry in China, in order to realize its rapid, healthy and stable development, the following work must be carried out.
(1) Strengthen the government's policy guidance in building materials industry development and industrial structure adjustment;
(2) Strengthen the legislation of comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection, and strictly enforce the law;
(3) Promote the formation of a number of large-scale building materials industry groups with international competitiveness, establish a new technological innovation system of building materials industry with enterprises as the main body, and promote the integration of Industry-University-Research; (4) Strengthen the applied basic research of "green" and energy-saving building materials industry, strengthen the construction of experimental base of building materials industry, and promote engineering and technological innovation;
(5) Strengthen industry management, establish a scientific, advanced and reasonable standard system, establish a product quality certification system, and give play to the role of industry associations, societies and various intermediaries;
(6) Formulate scientific and effective policies, measures and management systems as soon as possible to adapt to the development of China's market economy and the reform of scientific research system and government system, increase investment and project audit, and ensure the healthy development of research, development and production of inorganic nonmetallic new materials;
(7) According to the principle of demand traction and scientific and technological advancement, combined with the characteristics of the scientific system of inorganic nonmetallic materials, make overall consideration and coordinated development, and rationally arrange medium and long-term scientific research projects. Attach importance to and strengthen basic research, pay full attention to the frontier of science and technology in related fields, and improve the scientific and technological level and development ability of inorganic non-metallic new materials in China;
(8) In order to adapt to the rapid development of inorganic nonmetallic materials, it is necessary to speed up personnel training, constantly innovate the courses and teaching materials of inorganic nonmetallic materials education, and reflect the increasing new knowledge in this field and related fields as soon as possible. It is necessary to attach importance to basic physical and chemical principles, strengthen original innovation, study and explore unknown new materials with application prospects, and study the synthesis and preparation of new materials, especially to develop innovative new inorganic nonmetallic materials with high performance and low cost by means of basic analysis, computer modeling, micro-scale structure control and bionics. The research and equipment of new equipment, including main instruments, should be strengthened. Without advanced instruments and equipment, it is impossible to carry out the research and development of the frontier of material science and technology.
In addition, any material must go through the process of engineering and practicality. Educating and cultivating a group of high-quality talents with outstanding engineering ability and strong practical ability has become an important content of higher education. In the process of cultivating students, it is the only way to strengthen the teaching of practical links. In order to meet the requirements of personnel training, the corresponding practical teaching and engineering training must be reformed.