The development history and research status of aluminum matrix composites at home and abroad are summarized, and the preparation technology of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide particles is emphasized.
Development status quo. At the same time, the existing problems in the research of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are explained, and the development prospect of the composites is prospected.
Key words: SiCp /Al composite; preparation method
China Library ClassificationNo.: TB333 Document ID: A DocumentNo.:1001-3814 (201)12-0092-05.
Research status and development trend of SiCP/Al composites
Zheng Xijun, Mi Guofa
(School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000)
Abstract: The development history and research status of SiCP /Al composites at home and abroad are introduced.
The research progress of preparation technology of SiCP /Al composites is introduced, and the research status of SiCP /Al composites is expounded.
The composite materials are analyzed, and the development prospect of composite materials is prospected.
Key words: SiCp /Al composite; preparation method
Date of receipt: 2010-11-20.
About the author: Zheng Xijun (1982-), male, from Xiping, Henan, with a master's degree, majoring in materials.
Material processing engineering; Tel: 039/kloc-039 1-3987472；; E-mail: zxjdaili @126.com.
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Application has been widely concerned and studied, from the preparation technology of materials,
A lot of basic work has been done in microstructure, mechanical behavior and fracture toughness.
The basic work has achieved remarkable results. In America and Japan, etc.
In China, the research on the preparation technology and properties of this kind of materials has become increasingly mature.
Electronic and military fields began to get practical applications. SiC comes from industry
Abrasive, which can produce hundreds of tons, is cheap, and SiC particles reinforce aluminum base.
Composite materials are regarded as breakthrough materials by the United States, and their properties
It is comparable to titanium alloy, but the price is less than110 of titanium alloy. carbonize
In recent 20 years, silicon particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites have been widely used in the world.
A discontinuous reinforcement with the fastest development in industry and the widest application prospect.
Metal matrix composites are considered as an ideal lightweight structural material.
Especially in that piston, cylinder head and cylinder block of motor vehicle engine.
Key products and aviation industry have broad application prospects [5-7].
DuralAluminumComposites, USA 1986
The company invented a new technology of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy, which realized
So as to mass produce the cast aluminum-based composite material in the form of ingot.
Supply many foundries to manufacture various parts [8-9]. Durakan, USA
Our company has built SiC/Al composites with an annual output of 1 1340 t in Canada.
Professional factory for profiles, bars, ingots and composite parts. eye
20%SiCp /A356Al composite produced by Duralcan company.
The yield strength of the material is 75% higher than that of the base aluminum alloy, and the elastic modulus is improved.
30% higher, 29% lower thermal expansion coefficient and 3 ~ 4 higher wear resistance.
Time magazine. Silicon carbide reinforced composites produced by DWA company in the United States
With the increase of silicon carbide content, only the elongation decreases, and other properties are all
There has been a great improvement. So far, SiCp/Al composites have been
It has been successfully applied in aerospace, electronics industry, advanced weapon system and optics.
Precision instruments, automobile industry and sporting goods and other fields, and achieved great success.
Economic benefits. Table 1 lists the forces of some SiCp/Al composites.
Academic performance.
At present, the research and development of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are being carried out in China.
Scientific research institutes and universities engaged in materials work mainly include Beijing Aviation Materials.
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Research Institute
Universities, National University of Defense Technology, etc. Developed by Harbin Institute of Technology
SiCw/Al used for satellite antenna screws, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials.
The developed SiCp/Al is used in satellite remote sensor calibration device [10- 1 1].
So far, there is no high-quality and high-performance carbon in China.
Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with silicified particles have achieved some properties.
The index of foreign products, but there are still some shortcomings in the dimensional accuracy of products.
The gap is small, and the manufacturing cost is too high, so there is still a gap from industrial production.
The way ahead is long and has no ending
Performance characteristics of two kinds of aluminum matrix composites
(1) The high specific strength and specific modulus are due to the addition of.
The effect is obviously improved by introducing an appropriate amount of high strength, high modulus and low density reinforcement.
The specific strength and specific modulus of composites are improved, especially for high performance bonding.
Continuous fiber, such as boron fiber, carbon (graphite) fiber, silicon carbide fiber, etc.
Strong things have high strength and modulus [1].
(2) It has good high-temperature performance, and can use reinforced fiber with large temperature range.
Size, whiskers and particles are mainly inorganic substances, which have good performance at high temperature.
High temperature strength and modulus, so metal matrix composites are superior to matrix metals.
It has high high temperature performance. In particular to a metal matrix reinforced by continuous fibers.
Composite materials, its high temperature performance can be kept close to the melting point of metal, and with
The high temperature performance of metal matrix is much higher.
(3) In the metal matrix composite material with good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity
Metal matrix occupies a high volume percentage, usually 60%.
In fact, it still maintains the good thermal and electrical conductivity of metals.
(4) Metal matrix composites with good wear resistance, especially ceramics.
Ceramic fiber, whisker and particle reinforced metal matrix composites have good properties.
Wear resistance. This is because a large number of fine ceramics are added to the matrix.
Particle reinforcement, high hardness, wear resistance and stable chemical properties of ceramic particles.
Using them to strengthen metals can not only improve the strength and hardness of materials,
But also improves the hardness and wear resistance of the composite material.
(5) Metal matrix composites with small thermal expansion coefficient and good dimensional stability.
Reinforced carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, whiskers and particles used in materials.
Particles, boron fibers, etc. Has a very small coefficient of thermal expansion, especially ultra-high.
Graphite fiber with modulus has negative thermal expansion coefficient, and the addition amount is quite large.
This reinforcement can reduce the expansion coefficient of the material, thus obtaining thermal expansion.
Metal matrix composites with smaller expansion coefficient than matrix metal and good dimensional stability.
Materials.
(6) Good fatigue resistance and fracture toughness affect metal matrix composites.
The main factors of fatigue resistance and fracture toughness of composites are reinforcement and
Preparation technology of composite system
Steel bar content
(Volume,%)
tensile-strength
/MPa
modulus of elasticity
/GPa
Expansibility
(%)
SiCP /2009Al Powder Metallurgy 20 572 109 5.3
SiCP/2 124Al powder metallurgy 20 552 103 7.0
SiCP/606 1Al powder metallurgy 20 496 103 5.5
SiCP/7090Al powder metallurgy 20 724 103 2.5
SiCP/606 1Al powder metallurgy 40 44 1 125 0.7
SiCP/709 1Al powder metallurgy 15 689 97 5.0
SiCP/A356Al stir casting 20 350 98 0.5
SiCP/A359Al pressureless infiltration 30 382 125 0.4
Table 1 Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites [1]
Table 1 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix
Silicon carbide particle reinforced composites
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Interface bonding state of metal matrix, metal matrix and reinforcement itself
And the distribution of reinforcement in the matrix. Especially the interface
The bonding strength is moderate, which can effectively transfer the load and prevent the crack from spreading.
Exhibition, so as to improve the fracture toughness of materials.
(7) No moisture absorption, no aging and good air tightness. Compared with polymers, gold
The genus is stable in nature, compact in structure and free from aging, decomposition and moisture absorption.
Problems, performance will not naturally degrade, and it will not decompose when used in space.
It has obvious advantages in producing low molecular substances and polluting instruments and the environment.
(8) traditional hot extrusion can obtain good secondary processability,
Forging and other processing technologies and equipment to achieve secondary metal matrix composites.
Working on it. Because aluminum matrix composites not only have the plasticity and toughness of metal,
Performance, but also has higher specific strength, specific modulus, fatigue resistance and creep resistance.
Excellent comprehensive properties such as high resistance and good heat resistance. Especially recently.
In the past 20 years, aluminum matrix composites have achieved amazing development speed.
Table 2 lists the mechanical properties of some aluminum-based composites.
Three main application fields
3. 1 application in aerospace and military fields
In the optical research of American ACMC Company and University of Arizona
Heart cooperation, developed into ultra-light space telescope and mirror, hope.
The main mirror of telephoto lens has a diameter of 0.3m and weighs only 4.54kg.. ACMC company
Preparation of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites by powder metallurgy
It is also used in laser mirrors, satellite solar mirrors and space remote sensors.
High-speed swing mirror for scanning; The United States uses SiCp/Al with high volume fraction.
Inertial ring laser gyro guidance system and beryllium substitute of trident.
The inspection cover of missile inertial guidance ball and tubular measuring unit is formed.
The cost is 2/3 lower than that of beryllium; Lockheed Martin Company of the United States in 1980s
Company D uses 25%SiCp /606 1Al produced by DWA as adhesive.
The bracket carrying electronic equipment on the plane has a specific stiffness ratio of 7075 aluminum.
Gold is about 65% higher; The United States used SiCp/6092Al in the F- 16 fighter.
The ventral fin replaced the original 22 14 aluminum alloy skin, and the stiffness was improved.
50%, the service life is increased from several hundred hours to about 8,000 hours, which prolongs the service life.
Increasing 17 times can greatly reduce maintenance times and improve aircraft performance.
Maneuverability can also be used in the launch orbit of F- 16 missile; British space gold
AMC adopts high-energy ball milling powder metallurgy method.
SiCp/2009Al with high hardness and fatigue resistance was developed and successfully applied in the field.
N4 and EC- 120 new helicopters produced by Eurocopter.
Machine [12]; SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction were prepared by pressureless infiltration method.
It is the core board of printed circuit board for remote control of F-22 Raptor.
Autopilot, power generation parts, display above the pilot's head, electricity
Counting and measuring arrays and other key electronic systems to replace copper cladding.
Molybdenum and copper clad forged steel can reduce the weight by 70%, while reducing
Working temperature of electronic template; SiCp/Al printed circuit board core board has been in use.
Global mobile satellite communication system in earth orbit; As an electronic packaging material
Materials can also be used for Mars Pathfinder and Cassini Saturn probes.
Wait for the ship. The United States replaced it with high volume fraction SiCp /Al.
Cu-W packaging alloy has been used in EV 1 as the radiator of power module.
Electric cars and S 10 light trucks; Oxidation reaction infiltration method in the United States
The prepared SiC-Al2O3/Al is used as additional armor for "desert storm".
Armored vehicles used for ground attacks; Garden grove optical equipment co., ltd
Using SiCp/Al to prepare the sight of Leopardl tank fire control system.
3.2 Application in Automobile Industry
Developed jointly by Shandong University and Qufu Gold Piston Co., Ltd.
SiCp /Al piston has been used in motorcycle and small car engines.
Since the 1990s, Ford and Toyota Motor Corporation have started.
20%SiC/Al-Si produced by Alcan Company is used to manufacture brake discs. beautiful
SiCp/Al automobile brake pads produced by domestic Lanxide Company were produced in 1996.
[13] put into mass production; Germany has put brake discs made of this material.
It has been successfully applied to high-speed trains with speed160 km/h.
Forged SiCp/Al piston has been successfully used in Ferrari production.
Formula one racing.
3.3 Application in sports equipment
The 20%SiCp/2 124Al bicycle frame developed by BP company has been
Used in Raleigh racing; SiCp /Al composites can be used for
Senior sporting goods such as bicycle sprocket, golf club and tennis racket;
It is used to make medical prostheses.
4 preparation and molding methods
Generally speaking, according to the different states of aluminum, SiCp/Al
Preparation methods can be roughly divided into two categories: solid method and liquid method. Current host
There should be powder metallurgy, spray deposition, stirring casting and extrusion casting.
Make laws.
4. 1 powder metallurgy
Powder metallurgy method, also known as solid metal diffusion method, is due to gram
Content of reinforcing phase/matrix reinforcing phase
tensile-strength
/MPa
modulus of elasticity
/GPa
Elongation (%)
Silicon carbide/aluminum -4Cu 15 476 92 2.3
SiCp/ZL 10 1 20 375 10 1 1.64
SiCp/ZL 10 1A 20 330 100 0.5
SiCp/606 1 25 5 17 1 14 4.5
SiCp/2 124 25 565 1 14 5.6
Alumina/aluminum-1.5 mg 20 226 95 5.9
Cf /Al 26 387 1 12 -
Table 2 Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites [1]
Table 2 Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites [1]
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Overcomes the defect that silicon carbide particles are difficult to be wetted by aluminum alloy melt.
This is one of the earliest preparation methods developed and used in SiCp/Al. tool
There are many powder metallurgy processes for preparing SiCp/Al, most of which
The more popular and typical technological processes are: silicon carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder.
Mixing, cold forming (or cold isostatic pressing), vacuum degassing and hot pressing.
Bonding (or hot isostatic pressing)-thermomechanical processing (hot extrusion, rolling and forging).
The advantages of powder metallurgy are silicon carbide powder and aluminum alloy powder.
The powder can be mixed in any proportion, and the proportion control is accurate and convenient.
Powder metallurgy technology is mature, the forming temperature is low, and it basically does not exist.
Interface reaction, stable quality, high volume fraction of reinforcement, optional
With fine reinforce particles. The disadvantages are high equipment cost and difficult granulation.
Stir well, it is easy to appear more pores, and it is necessary to carry out secondary processing.
Improve the mechanical properties, but it is often difficult to eliminate in the subsequent treatment process;
The structure, shape and size of parts are limited to some extent, and the powder
The final metallurgical technology is complicated, and sintering must be carried out in a sealed, vacuum or vacuum environment.
Under the protective atmosphere, the preparation period is long, and the possibility of reducing the cost is reduced.
Small, thus restricting the large-scale application of powder metallurgy.
4.2 Jet Deposition Method
Jet deposition method was developed by Singer of Swansea University in England in 1969.
Professor first proposed [14], which was developed by Ospury Metal Co., Ltd.
Manufacturing technology of industrial production scale. The basic principle of this method is: Yes
When the aluminum alloy matrix is atomized, SiC reinforced particles are added,
Both of them are deposited on the water-cooled lining and solidified to obtain aluminum matrix composites.
Materials. The advantage of this process is the contact time between the reinforcement and the matrix melt.
In short, the reaction between them is easy to control; The requirement on the wettability of the interface is not high,
Bad structures such as particle segregation can be eliminated, and the structure has the characteristics of rapid solidification.
Sign; Short technological process, simple working procedure and high efficiency, which is beneficial to industrialization.
Production. The disadvantage is that the equipment is expensive and the prepared material is porous.
Both high quality and inferior quality need secondary processing, and generally they can only be made into ingots.
Or a flat plate; During the spraying process, a large number of reinforcing particles failed to react with atomized particles.
The combination of alloy droplets causes huge loss of raw materials and complicated process control.
Miscellaneous and reinforced particles have low utilization rate, slow deposition speed and high cost.
4.3 Mixing and pouring method
The basic principle of stirring casting method [15- 17]: the combination depends on strong stirring.
The negative pressure attraction of the eddy current formed in the gold liquid attracts the enhanced particles.
Into the matrix alloy liquid. Specific process route: adding particles to enhance.
Into the matrix metal melt, through a certain stirring mode and a certain
The stirring speed makes the reinforcing particles uniformly dispersed in the metal melt.
In order to achieve the purpose of uniform mixing and infiltration, they are compounded into particles.
Reinforced metal matrix composite melt. It can then be cast into ingots and castings.
Waiting for use. The advantages of this method are simple process, low equipment investment and sanitation.
High production efficiency and low manufacturing cost, and can be produced on a large scale. Disadvantages are: joining
The particle size of the reinforcement should not be too small, otherwise it will be the same as that of the base metal liquid.
Poor wettability, difficult to enter molten metal or easy to agglomerate in molten metal.
And gathering; Interfacial reaction is widespread, and strong stirring is easy to cause gold.
It belongs to liquid oxidation, a lot of inhalation and inclusion mixing, and the addition of particles is also affected.
To a certain extent, it can only be made into ingots, which requires secondary processing.
4.4 squeeze casting method
Squeeze casting method is to first stick SiC particles together with a suitable binder.
Knotting, making prefabricated blocks, putting into a pouring model, preheating to a certain temperature,
Then the base metal liquid is poured and immediately pressurized to immerse the molten metal liquid.
Infiltrated into the precast block, and finally cooled and solidified under reduced pressure to form SiCp/Al. This party
The method has the advantages of simple equipment, less investment and simple and stable process.
Good performance, short production cycle, easy industrial production and near surplus.
The volume fraction of reinforcement is high, and there is basically no interface reaction. disadvantaged
It is easy to produce gas or inclusions, and there are many defects, which need particle strengthening.
Prefabricated parts need to be made in advance, which has a great influence on product quality.
The cost of mould is high, and the production of complex parts is difficult.
Suggestions and countermeasures for developing 5 SiCp /Al composites
As a new structural material, SiCp /Al composite has many advantages.
The development prospect is broad, but a lot of research is needed to realize industrialization.
Research work. In addition to the preparation technology and limits of SiCp/Al composites
Further research is made on the combination of state and enhancement mechanism,
The research and development of its related fields should also be paid attention to.
5. 1 Further improvement of existing preparation process and development of new process
Although the existing process preparation methods have successfully manufactured composite materials.
Materials, but difficult to be used in industrial production, are still in the laboratory research stage.
Paragraph [18]. SiC particles exist in molten aluminum, which increases the viscosity of molten metal and makes it flow.
When the particle content increases to 20% or
At low temperature (
Often pour. In addition, SiC particles have larger surface area and lower surface energy.
Large, easy to absorb gas and bring it into molten metal, and the viscosity of molten metal is also easy to reduce.
The gas involved is difficult to exhaust, resulting in porosity defects. Therefore, for existing workers,
The further improvement of art and the development of new technology are the next research work.
The main task of.
5.2 Research on Subsequent Processing Technology
Cutting, welding and heat treatment of metal matrix composites.
The lack of research on continuous processing technology has become a bottleneck limiting its application. high
The addition of strength and high hardness reinforcements makes metal matrix composites become
Difficult-to-machine material [18- 19], but due to the thermal expansion of reinforcement and matrix alloy,
The larger difference of coefficients leads to the increase of dislocation density and metal matrix recombination.
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The aging behavior of materials is different from that of matrix alloys [20]. In addition, enhance
The volume affects the viscosity and fluidity of the welding pool and reacts with the base metal.
The biochemical reaction limits the welding speed, which produces metal matrix composites.
Welding caused great difficulties. Thereby solving the problem of poor weldability.
It has also become the main direction of further research.
5.4 Improve environmental performance
Study the environmental properties of metal matrix composites, such as
How to solve the adaptability of metal matrix composites to the environment and realize their abandonment?
The recycling of materials has also attracted the attention of some scholars. this
This problem is related to the effective utilization of resources and the realization of social sustainable development, because
Therefore, the research on environmental performance will be the future research direction in this field.
Hot spots. Because aluminum matrix composites are composed of two or more groups
Materials with different textures, physical and chemical properties are combined to form a shape.
As a new type of multiphase material, recycling technology is very difficult.
Far larger than the traditional single material. For this batch of aluminum matrix composites
Quantity application, will inevitably face the problem of waste recycling, through composite materials.
Recycling can not only reduce the pollution of waste to the environment, but also
Reduce the preparation cost and price of aluminum-based composites and improve the quality of aluminum-based composites.
The competitiveness of other materials is conducive to promoting their own development. Literature [2 1]
The mixed salt solvent was prepared and the particles were successfully separated by molten salt method.
The results show that the reinforcing materials in particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites,
The recycling of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites treated by this technology is beneficial.
The utilization rate can reach 85%.
6 conclusion
Compared with aluminum alloy matrix, aluminum matrix composites have higher
Using temperature, modulus and strength, the thermal stability is increased and the wear resistance is better.
Loss of performance, its application will be more and more extensive. However, at present,
There are still many questions and problems to be solved in the research, such as
How to overcome the outstanding interface problem of aluminum matrix composites and the force
Seeking research results is helpful to improve production and application problems; In the preparation process
Before and after, how to improve all aspects of finished products through heat treatment?
Yes; How to use the internal and external stress caused by thermal mismatch to make the material suitable
Serving in various environments. In addition, other side reactions are inevitable in the in-situ reaction.
It is difficult to determine the volume fraction of reinforcement accurately because of the inclusion.
Control, these are all problems that need to be studied and solved urgently.
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