Chapter II Elevator Hardware Design
2. 1 Hardware configuration of elevator control system
The system is mainly composed of PLC, frequency converter, control box, display and traction motor (VVVF for short). Controlling the elevator operation mode by PLC can make the control system more reliable and more compact. The hardware block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 3- 1.
Fig. 2-2- 1 PLC hardware block diagram of elevator linkage control system
As can be seen from Figure 3- 1, the system is mainly composed of two parts, in which the logic part of elevator control is realized by PLC. By analyzing the actual operation and control law of the elevator, the elevator linkage control program is designed and developed, so that PLC can control the operation of the elevator. In the speed regulation part of the elevator, a high-performance vector control frequency converter is selected, and the rotating speed of the squirrel-cage traction motor is measured by a pulse generator (encoder), so as to form a closed-loop vector control system of the motor and realize the VVVF operation of the squirrel-cage traction motor.
First, PLC receives the call signal and floor signal from the elevator. Then, according to the state of these input signals, through a series of complex control programs inside them, the logical relations of various signals are processed in an orderly manner. Finally, it sends switch control signals to DC gated motors, frequency converters and various displays in time to control elevators. In the elevator control system, because the elevator control belongs to random control, there is a strong correlation between various input signals, output signals and between input signals and output signals, and the logical relationship is very complicated to handle, which brings great difficulty to PLC programming.
In order to meet the requirements of the elevator, the inverter needs to send the switch control signal from PLC to the inverter, and at the same time, detect and feed back the speed of the motor through the pulse generator and PG card coaxially connected with the squirrel-cage traction motor, thus forming a closed-loop system. The pulse generator outputs the pulse, and after the PG card receives the pulse, it will feed back to the inverter for operation adjustment. The rotating direction of the motor can be judged according to the phase sequence of the pulse, and the rotating speed of the motor can be measured according to the frequency of the pulse.
2. 1. 1 hardware circuit
Figure 2-2 Hardware Wiring Diagram
The functions of each part are described as follows:
Q 1 —— Circuit diagram of three-phase power supply.
K 1- power control contactor
K2 —— On-off control contactor of load motor
Vs- frequency converter
Brake unit
R B- energy consumption braking resistor
M- main traction motor
2. 1.2 main circuit
The main circuit consists of three-phase AC input, variable frequency drive, traction machine and braking unit. Due to the adoption of AC -DC- AC voltage inverter, under the potential load of the elevator, the feedback energy during braking cannot be sent back to the power grid. In order to limit the pump voltage, the controllable energy consumption braking method is adopted.
2. 1.3PLC control circuit
PLC receives the call signals from the control panel and the call boxes on each floor, the function signals of the car and door system, and the status signals of the hoistway and frequency converter, and realizes the centralized selection control of the elevator through program judgment and operation. While outputting display and monitoring signals, PLC sends signals such as running direction, startup, acceleration and deceleration operation and braking to the frequency converter to stop the ladder.
2.2 elevator speed control curve
As a manned tool, elevator should not only be safe and reliable, but also run smoothly, ride comfortably and stop accurately under potential load. Elevator running speed should be as shown in Figure 2-3, and leveling error should be as shown in Table 2- 1:
Vm elevator running rated speed Vp parallel climbing floor idling speed
Figure 2-3 Elevator Running Speed Curve
Table 2- 1 leveling error range
High-speed ladder high-speed ladder low-speed ladder meter/second
≤5≤ 10≤0.5 & gt； 0.5
≤ 15 ≤ 30
Double-loop control of variable frequency speed regulation can basically meet the requirements, but it needs to be further improved compared with foreign high-performance elevators. This design is based on this idea. At the same time, the existing rotary encoder is used to form the speed, and the PG card of the frequency converter outputs the number of pulses proportional to the motor speed and elevator displacement, which is introduced into the high-speed counting input port of PLC. By accumulating the number of pulses, the pulse equivalent is calculated by formula to determine the elevator position.
Elevator displacement h=SI
Where I: cumulative pulse number S: pulse equivalent.
S=IpD/(pr)( 1)
The reduction ratio of the reducer used in this system is 1= 1/20, which produces traction.
Wheel diameter D=580mm, rated motor speed ne= 1450r/min, corresponding to the number of pulses per revolution of rotary encoder p = 1024, and frequency division ratio of PG card r = 118, which is brought into the formula (1).
S = 1.6 mm/pulse
2.3 Selection of drag motor
The selection of motor includes the selection of motor type, structure and various rated parameters.
Basic principles of motor selection
The mechanical characteristics of the motor should meet the requirements of production machinery and adapt to the load characteristics. Ensure stable operation and good starting performance and braking performance.
In the working process, the motor capacity can be fully utilized to make its temperature rise reach or approach the rated temperature rise as much as possible.
The structure of the motor should meet the installation requirements put forward by the mechanical design and the working conditions of the surrounding environment.
Select the motor according to the speed regulation requirements of production machinery.
Generally, three-phase cage asynchronous motor or two-speed three-phase motor is selected; Considering both general speed regulation and large starting torque, three-phase wound asynchronous motor is selected; When the speed regulation requirements are high, DC motor or AC motor frequency conversion speed regulation is selected to realize it.
To sum up, the traction motor of the elevator adopts three-phase wound asynchronous motor, and the portal crane can adopt variable frequency variable speed AC motor.
Selection of motor structure form
Choose the protection form of motor according to different working environment. Open is suitable for dry and clean environment; Protective type is suitable for dry and dusty environment without corrosive and explosive gases; Closed self-fan cooling type and other fan cooling types are used in humid, corrosive dust and wind and rain erosion environment; The environment immersed in water is completely closed; Flameproof type is used in the environment with explosion danger.
To sum up, the working environment of the machine room and shaft is dry and dusty, and there is no corrosive and explosive gas, so the traction motor and door motor are protected;
Selection of rated voltage of motor
The rated voltage of the motor should be consistent with the power supply of the power supply network. The elevator adopts three-phase five-wire system, so the rated voltage of traction motor is 380V, and the power supply of portal crane can be light curtain or safety touch screen, so the rated voltage of 220V is selected.
Selection of rated speed of motor
For motors with the same rated power, the higher the rated speed, the lower the volume, weight and cost of the motor, so it is more economical to choose high-speed motors when the production machinery requires a certain speed. However, the higher the motor speed, the higher the speed of the transmission mechanism and the more complicated the transmission mechanism. Therefore, the rated speed of the motor should be determined by considering various factors of the motor and transmission mechanism. Usually, three-phase asynchronous motors with synchronous speed of 1500r/min are used.
Selection of motor capacity
The capacity of the motor reflects its load capacity, which is related to the allowable temperature rise and overload capacity of the motor. The allowable temperature rise is the maximum allowable temperature rise when the motor drags the load, which is related to the heat resistance of insulating materials. Overload capacity is the maximum load capacity that the motor can carry, which is limited by the rectification conditions of DC motor and determined by the maximum torque of AC motor. In fact, the rated capacity of the motor is determined by the allowable temperature rise.
There are two methods to choose the motor capacity, one is the analysis and calculation method, and the other is the investigation and statistics analogy method.
The analysis and calculation method is to calculate the average load power according to the load diagram of the production machinery, and then calculate the rated power of the primary motor according to (1. 1~ 1.6) times of the average load power. The selection of coefficient should be based on the change of load. When the large load accounts for a large number of components, choose a larger coefficient; When the load remains unchanged or changes little for a long time, the minimum coefficient can be selected.
Check the heating of the main motor, then check the overload capacity of the motor, and check the starting capacity of the motor if necessary. When the calibration is qualified, the rated power of the motor meets the load requirements; If it is unqualified, choose another motor to check again until it is qualified. This method has a large amount of calculation and is difficult to draw the load diagram. For simple electric drive systems and general production machinery without special requirements, the selection of motor capacity often adopts investigation and statistical analogy.
Statistical analogy method is used to analyze the motor capacity of the same type and advanced machine tools in various countries, find out the relationship between motor capacity and main parameters, and then get the corresponding calculation formula, and determine the motor capacity according to China's national conditions. This is a practical method.
2.4 speed control
This method is realized by using D/A module of PLC extended function module. The digitized ideal speed curve is pre-stored in the PLC register. When the program is running, the D/A is written by looking up the table, and the D/A is converted into simulation, and then the ideal curve is output.
Accelerate the generation of a given curve
Because the program of elevator logic control part is the largest, and the PLC operation adopts periodic scanning system, and the usual table look-up method is adopted, the instruction time interval of each table look-up is too long, which can not meet the accuracy requirements of the given curve. During the operation of PLC, the information exchange, user program execution, information collection, control output and other operations between PLC and various devices are carried out in a fixed order in the form of circular scanning, and each cycle has various functions of inquiry, judgment and operation.
2) Generation of deceleration braking curve
In order to ensure the completion of the braking process, it is necessary to judge the braking conditions and determine the deceleration point in the main program. Before the deceleration point is determined, the elevator is always in the process of acceleration or steady speed operation. The acceleration process is completed by a fixed interruption time. After the acceleration reaches the maximum value of the corresponding mode, the running conditions of the acceleration program are no longer satisfied. After each interruption, the acceleration program will not be executed and will return directly from the interruption. The elevator runs at the maximum value of the corresponding mode, and after the deceleration point of this mode, a high-speed counting interrupt is generated, and the deceleration service program is executed. In this interrupt service program, modify the conditions of the counter setting value to ensure the execution of the next interrupt.
2.5 point distribution and PLC model selection
Before assigning I/O points, we must first know what I/O points are. Figure 3.4 Simplified model of five-story elevator and schematic diagram of control cabinet, from which we can easily find the approximate distribution of input.
Figure 2.4 Simplified model of five-story elevator and schematic diagram of control cabinet.
2.5. 1I/O interface module
The interface module of S7-200 mainly includes digital I/O module, analog I/O module and communication module. These modules are described below.
Selection of Digital Input/Output Module
The control core of elevator logic control system is PLC, which signals need to be input to PLC, which loads need to be driven by PLC, and which programming mode to adopt are all issues that need to be seriously considered, which will affect the distribution of I/O points inside it. Therefore, the determination of I/O point is the first problem to be solved in the design of the whole PLC elevator control system, which determines the design of the hardware part of the system and is also the premise of the system software writing.
(b) analog input/output module selection
The main function of analog I/O simulation is data conversion, which is connected with the internal bus of PLC, and also has the function of electrical isolation for safety. Analog input (A/D) module is to convert the continuous analog generated by sensor detection into a digital quantity acceptable to PLC. Analog output (D/A) module converts the digital quantity in PLC into analog signal for output.
The range of typical analog I/O modules is-10v ~+10v, 0 ~+10v, 4 ~ 20ma, etc. It can be selected according to actual needs, and its resolution and conversion accuracy should also be considered.
(3) Selection of special function modules
At present, PLC manufacturers have introduced some I/O modules with special functions, and some have also introduced intelligent I/O modules with CPU, such as high-speed counter, cam simulator, position control module, PID control module, communication module and so on.
Statistical I/O points
There are 365,438+0 input signals. Considering that there is a spare point of 15%, that is, 31× (1+15%) = 35.65, taking an integer of 36, * * requires 36 input points.
There are 365,438+0 output signals. Considering that there is a spare point of 15%, that is, 31× (1+15%) = 35.65, and the integer is 36, * * needs 36 output points.
2.5.3 Definition of I/O point in PLC program.
In the process of programming, the I/O address allocation used is shown in Table 2-2. The programming process can be divided into two parts: inside the elevator and outside the elevator.
Input/output point allocation table:
Table 2-2 Symbol Detailed Parameter Table
Input-output point allocation table
A signal corresponding to an input point and a signal corresponding to an output point.
On i0. 1 Exhale button 1, Q0.0km 1 motor rotates forward.
I0.2 Q0. 1 Up Call Button 2-
I0.3 Q0.2KM2 The motor reverses when the call button 2 is pressed.
Exhale button 3 on I0.4 Q0.3KV coil and its fault.
I0.5 outbound button 3q 0.4 uplink indication.
I0.6 Q0.5 Downlink indication on outgoing call button 4
I0.7 call button 4, Q0.6 open the door instruction.
I 1.0 outbound button 5 Q 0.7 close instruction.
I 1. 1 Call button to 1 Floor Q 1 Call instruction.
I 1.2 call button to the second floor for Q 1. 1.2 power-off instruction.
I 1.3 call button, go to the third floor, Q 1.22, and give the outgoing call instruction.
I 1.4 call-in button goes to the 4th floor, and Q 1.33 is call-out instruction.
I 1.5 call button, go to the fifth floor, Q 1.43 and give the call instruction.
I 1.6 1 floor signal Q 1.5 4 outgoing call indication
I 1.7 2 floor level signal Q 1.64 outgoing call indication.
I2.0 3 floor level signal q 1.7 5 outgoing call indication
I2. 1 floor signal Q2.0 Call button to 1 floor for instructions.
I2.2 5 Floor Level Signal Q2. 1 Call button to ask for instructions on the second floor.
I2.3 upper and lower limit Q2.2 Call button to the 3rd floor for instructions.
I2.4 Door opening button in the car Q2.3 Call the button to the 4th floor for instructions.
I2.5 Door closing button in the car Q2.4 Call the button to the 5th floor for instructions.
The led layer of thermal relay i2.6q2.5 shows a segment.
I I2.7 ——Q2.6LED layer shows B segment.
I3.0 Ascending deceleration proximity switch Q2.7 LED on the first floor shows area C..
I3. 1 Up/Down Deceleration Proximity Switch Q3.0LED displays section D on the second floor.
On the second floor, the descent deceleration proximity switch I 3.2 q 3. 1 led layer shows E segment.
I3.3 The Q3.2LED layer of the ascending deceleration proximity switch on the third floor shows the F section.
I3.4 Three-layer descending deceleration proximity switch Q3.3LED layer shows G segment.
I3.5 lifting deceleration proximity switch Q3.4 acceleration relay on the fourth floor
I3.6 Q3.5 The fourth floor descent deceleration proximity switch low-speed relay.
5-layer descending deceleration proximity switch I3.7 Q3.6 fast relay
2.5.4 Description of internal relay used in the program.
The following table describes the internal relays used in the procedure:
Table 2-3 Description of Internal Relay in Symbol Detailed Parameter Table
Internal relay description
M0.0 1 floor uplink call button, which is used to remember the call signal of the call button and smooth the M4.0 uplink comprehensive signal.
M0. 1 The second floor rises M4. 1
M 0.22 layer drops M4.2
M 0.3, the third floor rises, m4.3.
M 0.43 layer decline M4.4 decline comprehensive signal
M0.5, the fourth floor rises to m4.5.
M 0.64 layer drops M4.6
M0.7 5-story descent M4.7
M5. 1. 1 Floor The flat floor is used to remember the flat floor signal, and the rising memory signal of M 1.6 is cancelled by other flat floor signals.
M5.2 2 Layer Plate M 1.7 Attenuates Memory Signal
3 floor 6. 1 1 floor M5.3 3 Effective door opening signal
M5.44th Floor Effective Door Opening Signal of M6.22nd Floor
Effective opening signal of M5.55th building apartment M6.33rd building
Call the 1 floor in M 1 as the floor to be reached, and release the effective door opening signal of M64438+0 floor when leveling.
M 1.2 calls the effective door opening signal of M6.5 on the 2nd floor and 5th floor.
In M 1.3, call the memory signal of M6.6 normal switch door on the 3rd floor.
Call the manual switch of M7. 1. 1 on the 4th floor in M 1.4.
M 1.5 call the manual switch on M7.2 2 on the 5th floor.
M201floor lifting switch door effectively calls M7.3 3 floor 3 manual switch.
M 2. 1 2 floor lifting M7.44th floor manual switch
M2.2 2 Floor Descending M7.5 5 Floor Manual Switch
M2.3, three-story rising, M7.6, signal synthesis of manual door opening at each floor.
M24 Third Floor Descending T34 Elevator Acceleration Time
M25 fourth floor rise T37 opening time
M26 4th Floor Descending T38 Closing Time
M2.7 5 times when T39 is not on the flat floor after the 5th floor descends.
M3. 1 Call to 1 The floor switch door effectively calls T40, and no one rides back to the base station.
M3.2 internal call to the second floor.
M3.3 to the third floor inside.
M3.4 internal call to the fourth floor.
M3.5 to the fifth floor.
2.5.5PLC selection
Choosing the appropriate type of PLC that can meet the control requirements is a key step in application design. At present, there are hundreds of PLC varieties produced by PLC manufacturers at home and abroad, each with its own characteristics. Therefore, in the design, we should first consider using familiar PLC as much as possible.
1.PLC model
On the premise of meeting the control requirements, the best cost performance should be selected when selecting the type, and the following points should be specifically considered.
(1.) Performance is suitable for the task.
For the application system of switch control, when the control speed is not high, such as sequential control of small pumps and automatic control of single machine, small PLC (such as Siemens S7-200 series CPU224 PLC) can meet the requirements.
For application systems that mainly control on-off quantities and have partial analog control, such as the control of continuous quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow and liquid level, which are often encountered in industrial production, analog input module with A/D conversion and analog output module with D/A conversion should be selected, and corresponding sensors, transmitters (temperature module directly input by temperature sensor can be selected for temperature control system) and driving devices should be connected, and small PLC (such as Siemens) with strong operation function should be selected.
It is suitable for controlling complex medium and large control systems, such as closed-loop control, PID regulation and communication networking. , can choose medium and large PLC (such as Siemens S7-400 series PLC). When the control objects of the system are distributed in different areas, PLC should be selected according to the specific requirements of each part to form a distributed control system.
(2) The processing speed of PLC should meet the requirements of real-time control.
When PLC is working, there is a lag phenomenon from input signal to output control, that is, the change of input quantity can only be reflected to the output end after 1 or 2 scanning cycles, which is allowed by general industrial control. However, some devices require high real-time performance and do not allow large lag time. For example, the number of I/O points of PLC is in the range of tens to thousands, and the length of user program will have great difference to the response speed of the system. The lag time should be controlled within tens of milliseconds and less than the action time of ordinary relay (the action time of ordinary relay is about 100ms), otherwise it is meaningless. Usually in order to improve the processing speed of PLC, the following methods can be adopted;
Choose a PLC with fast CPU processing speed, so that the time to execute a basic instruction does not exceed 0.5us；;
Optimize the application software and shorten the scanning period;
Using high-speed response module, such as high-speed counting module, its response time can not be affected by PLC scanning period, but only depends on hardware delay.
(3) the choice of online programming and offline programming
Small PLC generally adopts simple programmer. It can only be programmed if it is plugged into PLC. Its characteristic is that the programmer and PLC use a CPU, and the programmer has a "run/monitor/program" selection switch. When you need to program or modify a program, turn the selector switch to the "Program" position. At this time, the CPU of PLC does not execute the user program, but only serves the programmer. After programming, turn the selector switch to the "Run" position, and the CPU will execute the user program to control the system. The simple programmer is simple in structure, small in size and easy to carry, which is very suitable for debugging and modifying programs in the production site.
Online programming can be realized by combining graphic programmer or personal calculator with programming software package. Both PLC and graphic programmer have their own CPU, which can handle all kinds of programming instructions input by keyboard at any time. The CPU of PLC mainly completes the field control and communicates with the programmer at the end of a scanning cycle. The programmer sends the programmed or modified program to PLC. In the next scanning cycle, PLC will control according to the modified program or parameters to realize "online programming". Graphic programmer is expensive, but it is powerful and widely used. It can be programmed not only with instruction statements, but also directly with ladder diagram, and can be stored on disk or printed by printer. Generally, large and medium-sized PLCs use graphic programmers. On-line programming with personal computer can save graphics programmers, but it needs the support of programming software package, and its function is similar to that of graphics programmers.
According to the control requirements, Siemens S7-200 series CPU226 is selected as the PLC control system, and the expansion module EM22 1 is selected due to insufficient I/O points.
Chapter III Elevator Software Design
3. Software design of1system
The software design of the system changes with the difficulty of the control task, and it is also easy for people. Programming with ladder diagram, statement table or function diagram mainly depends on the following points:
A) Some PLCs are not very convenient to program with ladder diagram (for example, writing is inconvenient), and can be programmed with statement table, but ladder diagram is more intuitive than statement table.
B) Experienced personnel can program directly with statement table, just like using assembly language.
C) If it is a single sequence or a concurrent sequence of explicit control tasks, it is best to design the program with a function diagram.
The whole system software is a whole, and its quality greatly affects the performance of programmable control. In many cases, by improving the system software, the performance of the programmable controller can be greatly improved without adding any equipment. For example, after the introduction of S7-200 series, Siemens has continuously improved its system software, making it more and more powerful.
Software design can be synchronized with site construction, that is, after hardware design is completed, software design and site construction can be carried out at the same time, which can ensure the correct operation of the program.
3. 1. 1 External wiring diagram of elevator control PLC
According to the distribution of I/O interfaces, the external wiring diagram of PLC can be drawn, as shown in Figure 3- 1.
3- 1 elevator hardware wiring diagram
3. 1.2 elevator flow chart
Elevator flow chart (as shown in Figure 3.2)
3.2 elevator flow chart
3.2 Basic Functions of Elevator
3.2. 1 Brief introduction of elevator internal components' functions
There should be five floor (1~5) buttons, door opening and closing buttons, floor indicator and lifting indicator in the elevator. When passengers enter the elevator, there should be a floor button in the elevator. Passengers can press this button to represent their destination. This button is called the inbound call button. When the elevator stops, it should have the function of opening and closing the door, that is, the elevator door can automatically open and close the button, so that passengers can control the opening and closing of the elevator at any time when the elevator stops. There should also be an indicator light inside the elevator to show the current state of the elevator, that is, whether the elevator is going up or down, and what floor the elevator is on, so that the passengers in the elevator can clearly know where they are, how far they are from the floor they are going to, whether the elevator is going up or down, etc.
3.2.2 Brief introduction of elevator external components' functions
The outside of the elevator is divided into five floors, and each floor should have a call button, a call indicator, an up-and-down indicator and a floor indicator. Call button is a tool used by passengers to make phone calls. The call indicator should remain lit until the corresponding call request is completed. It is used to display the status of the elevator, just like the up indicator, down indicator and floor indicator. In the elevator on the 5th floor, the 1 floor only has the upward call button, and the 5th floor only has the downward call button. The other three floors all have the upward call button and the downward call button at the same time. The rising and falling lights and floor indicators should be the same as the elevators on the fifth floor.
3.2.3 Analysis of initial state, running state and running state of elevator.
1) Initial state of the elevator. For the convenience of analysis, it is assumed that the elevator is on standby at 1 floor, the display of all floors has been initialized, and the elevator is in the following state:
A) The call lights on all floors are out.
B) The indicator lights on the floors inside and outside the elevator are "1".
C) The elevator doors of all floors inside and outside the elevator are closed.
2) When the elevator is running:
A) When the call button of a certain floor (1~5 floors) is pressed, the call light of the floor lights up and the elevator responds to the call of the floor.
B) The elevator goes up or down to this floor.
C) The display of each floor changes with the elevator operation, and the indicator light of each floor changes accordingly.
D) In operation, the elevator door is always closed and not opened until it reaches the designated floor.
Support other calls during elevator operation.
3) After the elevator runs: After reaching the designated floor, the elevator will continue to stand by and wait until a new instruction is issued.
A) After the elevator arrives at the designated floor, the elevator door will open automatically and close automatically after a delay. In this process, manual door opening or opening is supported;
B) Each floor shows the location of that floor, and the up and down indicator lights go out.
3.3 Analysis of actual operation situation
In fact, the service object of the elevator is many passengers, and the purpose of passengers taking the elevator is not exactly the same. And every passenger calls the elevator at a different time. Therefore, we classify and analyze various specific situations of elevators in practice, so as to facilitate the preparation of the plan.
3.3. 1 classification analysis
Elevator ascending analysis.
If the elevator is in the process of rising, a call is generated on a certain floor, which can be divided into the following two situations:
If the calling floor is below the target running floor above the current running floor of the elevator, the elevator should go to this floor before completing the previous instructions, and then complete other calling operations from near to far after completing the call on this floor.
If the calling floor is lower than the current running floor of the elevator, the elevator will not respond to the instruction until the previous instruction is completed and the elevator is in standby state again.
Analysis of elevator descent.
If there is a call on the floor when the elevator descends, it can be divided into the following two situations:
If the calling floor is above the target running floor in the current running state of the elevator, the elevator should go down to this floor before completing the previous instructions, and then complete other calling actions from near to far after completing the calling of this floor.
If the calling floor is higher than the elevator running floor, the elevator will not respond to the instruction until the previous instruction is completed and the elevator is in standby state again.
3.3.2 Summarize the law.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the elevator always completes each call task from near to far after receiving the instruction. As long as the elevator mechanism is designed according to this principle, the elevator will not run up and down during operation. At the same time of analysis, we also know which equipment in the elevator system can be operated manually.
In the elevator interior view, it includes 1 floor display light, door opening button, door closing button, 1 call button to the 5th floor, and elevator lifting status indicator light. In the external view, the 1 floor has 1 uplink call buttons, the 5th floor has 1 downlink call buttons, and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors have 1 uplink and downlink call buttons. Each call button has 1 corresponding indicator lights to indicate whether the call is answered.
3.3.3 Elevator control requirements
Accept the call command of each call button (including internal call and external call) and respond accordingly.
When the elevator stops at a certain floor (such as the third floor), pressing the call button (up call or down call) of the floor (the third floor) at this time is equivalent to issuing an order to open the elevator door and executing the action process of opening the door; If the car of the elevator is not on this floor (1, 2, 4 and 5 floors), wait for the elevator to close, and control the elevator to go up or down according to the principle of no commutation.
The principle of elevator operation irreversibility means that the elevator gives priority to the call that does not change the current elevator operation direction, and does not respond to the call that makes the elevator run in the opposite direction until all these commands are responded. For example, the elevator is now located between 1 floor and floor 2. At this time, there are 1 floor call, 2-floor call and 3-floor call, so the elevator responds to the 3-floor call first, and then responds to the 2-floor call and 1 floor call accordingly.
There are 1 travel switches on each floor of the elevator. When the elevator touches the travel switch of a certain floor, it means that the elevator has reached the floor.
When the call button is pressed, the corresponding call indicator light will light up and remain until the elevator responds to the call.
When the elevator stops at a certain floor, press the inside door button to open the elevator door, and press the inside door button to close the elevator door. But the elevator door can't be opened while the elevator is moving.
When the elevator runs to a certain floor, the corresponding floor indicator lights up until the elevator runs to the next floor.