Freedom is not indulgence, but freedom of activity.
Freedom is not giving up, but an intellectual freedom.
Freedom is based on the principle of not infringing on the interests of the same kind of people.
Freedom must conform to the laws of nature or social conditions.
Freedom is flexibility, and children's freedom should be limited to collective interests.
In Montessori education, freedom can be divided into two categories: one is the freedom of learning methods in the studio, and the other is the freedom of outdoor activities. Let me give an example to illustrate each one:
Freedom in the studio: Freedom can be seen everywhere in our studio. We give our children the freedom to choose their jobs.
Liu Pan in our class is an active, laughing, imaginative and creative boy. On the morning of March 3 1 2005, after a quiet activity, Mr. Wang asked the children to choose their jobs one by one as usual. When it was Liu Panxuan's turn to choose a job, he patrolled his companions who had already chosen a job, walked slowly to Mr. Wang, smiled first and whispered, "I want to draw." Because the two men had already chosen the job, Mr. Wang smiled and told him, "Yes." He didn't start painting until he was ready. Maybe he didn't know what to draw. He searched in the Chinese area, hoping to find something. Suddenly, he became interested in wall charts. He took it down and turned it over. This is a colorful page with poems and pictures. His eyes rested on a poem. Obviously, the illustration of the poem "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" attracted him deeply. The mountains were rolling and the sun was like fire. He can't wait to keep this beautiful photo through his own hands. First of all, he outlined the guest appearance of the mountain with a few simple strokes. It seems simple, but it has a strong three-dimensional effect, and the visual effect from far to near. Draw a semicircle of the sun on the hill, and several boats are simply paddling, coming from far to near with the wind. Then painting, mountains and rivers put on beautiful emerald clothes. A thin layer, such as yarn, is light and thin. Take out the hottest color to fill the color of the sun, then the river, and then gently draw a line on the drawing paper, and the blue sky immediately appears in front of you. I asked him, "What should I name this painting?" Because every time the children finish painting, the teacher will ask them to take a name according to the content of the painting, and then mark it with the name and date. Liu Panbian thought, and fixed his eyes on this poem. "Tell Tianmen to interrupt the opening of the Chu River." Then I wrote these words on the back of the paper with a pen, which was wonderful. I stretched out my arms excitedly and hugged him tightly. He bowed his head in great embarrassment. I can't control my inner excitement, and my eyes are a little blurred. What a poetic child. I quickly showed this painting to Mr. Wang and Mr. Li, and they were also excited and surprised. While I was happy, I also secretly thought that when the two children had chosen this job, Mr. Wang did not stop or obstruct Liu Pan's choice, but respected him and gave him the right to freedom, which made him more confident to create a "miracle."
Besides, the freedom of outdoor life.
When we instruct our children to do outdoor activities, we will leave half an hour for them to choose their favorite activities freely, and then we will do the activities they choose together, but every child's activities must follow its principles. First of all, don't fight with other children, don't break into the activity areas of other classes, and all activities are within a certain range. For example, our outdoor octagonal ladder consists of two slides, two ladders, two circular and two square ladders. When you skate, you must see another child slide down, and then you can skate to the second person. All kinds of ladders are painted in three colors: red, blue and white, and each color can't have two or more children at the same time, let alone stay for a long time. The principle of "maze" is: you can't cross it, you must follow the paved road, and you must return when you encounter a road that is impassable.
I remember once, when it was time for outdoor activities, according to the usual practice, the children went out one after another and stood in a row. As a rule, one child leads the team in turn to run in queue order every day. On this day, Tingting, the only girl in our class, was talking about something. Tingting told them to stand up straight and quiet. Most of them did, but Tintin didn't stop talking or stand up straight. Tingting walked over. Gently pushed Tintin back to the team. Tintin is unhappy. "Why should I stand up?" This is his habit. There are always many reasons why he shows disdain. Tingting said nothing, lowered her head and looked very wronged. At this time, Dean Zhang, who had been watching, went to Tintin, squatted down and took Tintin's hand and asked, "Tintin, can you stand still and stop talking like other children?" "No," he said stubbornly. "If you can't do it, then the teacher asks you to quit the queue now so as not to affect the normal activities of other children." Tintin walked out unconvinced and looked around. "Tintin, what do you think you just did the right thing? Do you respect Tingting? When it is your turn to lead the team, other children will do the same. Are you happy? " Tintin began to be silent and refused to answer. "Teacher, please think about it. Tell Teacher Zhai when you figure it out. " After the director finished speaking, he played the game of "maze treasure hunt" with other children. The excited shouts of the children after they found the "treasure" attracted him. He looked at me from time to time, stood on tiptoe and stretched out his neck, looking for something. Finally, he began to compromise and slowly walked up to me: "Teacher, I also want to go treasure hunting." "Then you have to answer the question the teacher just asked you." I used this as a condition to seduce him. "Do you think what you just did was right?" "No," he whispered, without looking at me. "Should we apologize to Tingting?" "Good" He couldn't wait and ran quickly to the maze. Tingting shouted Tingting's name as she ran. Tingting stopped, and Tintin hurried to her: "Tingting, I'm sorry!" " "It doesn't matter!" This time, Tingting was embarrassed to talk about it again. She cocked her head and smiled and took Tintin's hand: "Shall we go treasure hunting together?" The child who had some differences between them just now has become a pair of good friends.
Therefore, freedom is based on discipline. First of all, respect for others, including teachers, classmates and everyone present, basically lies in five aspects:
1. Don't touch other people's bodies easily.
Don't touch other people's works easily.
Don't disturb others' work by using others' things without their consent.
4. Respect everyone's work.
5. Don't hurt others with words or other behaviors.
Secondly, respect the teaching AIDS, do not destroy the teaching AIDS and their sense of order, do not play with students without teaching AIDS, and keep the teaching AIDS complete and perfect.
Finally, respect yourself.
1. Don't hurt your health.
2. Be responsible for what you say and do what you say.
Be responsible for your own work, and return to the original state after each work, because this is the place where you live, study and play, and you must keep a good environment to live happily.
Montessori believes that only when he becomes his own master and follows some rules of life can he control his behavior. We think he is a disciplined person. Such discipline has a flexible concept, which is not easy to understand and is not always adopted. But it contains a great educational principle, which is different from the absolute and irrefutable principle of "don't move" under the high-handed policy in old education.
When these aspects can be gradually formed, children can freely choose any job and extend it. For example, after Li Weixian mastered the basic operation of the triangle box, he could create freely according to the order of teaching AIDS, while Sila Tao Tao did not master the basic operation of any teaching AIDS, so he was in poor working condition, always disturbing others and beating them with teaching AIDS, which not only destroyed the teaching AIDS, but also damaged the classroom environment and disturbed others. Teachers don't respect teachers when giving guidance, and even beat them. In this case, the child will not be free. The teacher invited him to sit quietly, think and reflect. At this time, he will not be invited to do any work, but let him quietly look at other people's working conditions, feel the environment, and then protect the environment. After a period of time, Silas Tao Tao's thoughts and behaviors began to change. Every time he chooses a job, he will concentrate on it. From doing 15 kinds of work a day, to doing only two or three kinds of work a day now, the same period is gradually strengthening. This shows that he entered the environment, indulged in the environment, unconsciously became interested in teaching AIDS, and discipline was instilled in him, which made him more in-depth and not. Through interest, he learned to respect teaching AIDS. By mastering the basic knowledge, he can play freely in his work. By respecting the environment and others, he gained the greatest freedom from life to study and exploration, and he could freely combine his own thoughts and actions.
On May 27th, 2005, all the children in the class went to China Science and Technology Museum. For various reasons, Xiaohe and Niu Niu didn't go, and neither did the two children in the third teaching area, so the day's activities were held in the third teaching area by two classes. When he first entered the studio of the third teaching area, he was surprisingly quiet and chose the works of "Decimal Group" and "Sweeping Beans". I walked up to him and demonstrated it, and then I did it myself. I pour mung beans into a sieve, and then I pour flour. After gently shaking the sieve to separate the mung bean from the flour, I took the mung bean back. I found a mung bean missing from the work carpet, so I picked it up by hand and put it back in the bowl. Everything is very standardized. After I finished reading it, my interest continued unabated. I did it again. Just as he was sifting mung beans, I hit it a little hard and put it back in the bowl. At this time, my mood has been restless and obviously impatient. After putting down the sieve, I tried to stir the mung beans in the tray by hand. The round mung bean rolled faster on the ground because of too much force. I took off my shoes and couldn't get up on the floor at all. I also grabbed a handful of mung beans and put them in my mouth. At this time, Mr. Jin asked him to spit out the mung beans in his mouth. He vomited, and the shoes were required by Teacher Jin. At this time, he is probably terrible, that is, we adults will get bored when we see mung beans all over the floor. Let's talk about another child. Teacher Jin will take him to sit and rest first, and then collect him when he is not tired, but don't move during the rest, and it is best to close his eyes. "He didn't sit, but lay down again. At this time, it's time for outdoor activities. Mr. Jin said to him again, "Do you want to go out and play with children? "He got up quickly and was ready to go downstairs." But on one condition, the job must be put down. "He is anxious again and again." This is your job, you can take it away, but if you need it, you can ask the teacher for help. "As soon as he listened, the teacher took it away for me." What should I say when asking for help from others? ""please ask the teacher to help me put it away together. "Teacher Jin expressed his willingness to accept it with him.
Therefore, in order to benefit children and improve their self-control, we must have some special skills to guide them to follow these disciplines.
Children's freedom should be limited to collective interests, and their behavior should reach what we generally think is educated. Therefore, it is necessary to observe whether the child has any behavior that collides or irritates others, and whether there is rude or impolite behavior. On the one hand, we should allow it, on the other hand, we should guide it. All these are because our goal is to establish a positive discipline, a work discipline and a beneficial discipline, rather than a static, passive and obedient discipline. All the principles are not absolute, which will play an inestimable role in proper control of children.