Discussion on the present situation and development strategy of logistics operation in Chinese enterprises
Abstract: With China's entry into WTO, the market competition is more intense. Improving logistics level, reducing logistics cost and improving market competitiveness are the eternal themes of enterprises. Based on the operation mode of enterprise logistics in developed countries or regions and the present situation of enterprise logistics in China, this paper puts forward the development strategy of enterprise logistics in China.
Keywords: enterprise logistics; Mode of operation; Supply chain management; development strategy
With the intensification of market competition, enterprises have made efforts to reduce logistics costs and improve logistics service level. In order to win the competitive advantage in domestic and foreign markets with lower distribution cost and better logistics service, logistics strategy has increasingly become an inseparable part of the overall strategy of enterprises.
1. Logistics Operation Status of Enterprises in China
The logistics research of 1 and 1 lacks comprehensiveness.
The two major fields of logistics theory research in China-material circulation and transportation system, whether it is logistics strategic planning or logistics management theory, focus on a local functional element with the inherent position and perspective of researchers, which leads to people's misunderstanding of logistics. It was not until April of 20001year that the first basic national standard of logistics in China, Logistics Terminology, was officially released. There is still a lack of in-depth research on logistics theory suitable for China's national conditions. At the same time, some theoretical research is seriously divorced from practice, and the operability of theoretical results is not strong.
1 2 enterprise logistics management mode is backward.
In enterprise logistics management, many enterprises are still in the era of paper and pen. Although some enterprises are equipped with computers, they have not yet formed a system, let alone a network. At the same time, they lack the application of advanced information technology, such as electronic data exchange, personal computer, artificial intelligence/expert system, communication, bar code and scanning in logistics operation.
1 and 3 enterprises lack the concept of "the third profit source"
In the 1960s and 1970s, most enterprises in developed countries focused on the production field, doing everything possible to reduce the consumption of material resources, to obtain the "first profit source" of enterprises, and to improve labor productivity to obtain the "second profit source" of enterprises. Since 1970s, production enterprises have shifted the focus of improving economic benefits and enhancing competitiveness from production to non-production areas, including material circulation activities such as procurement, transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing, distribution and after-sales service, and related information activities. However, Chinese enterprises lack the concept that modern logistics is the "third profit source", and do not regard logistics as the key to optimize production processes and strengthen market operation, but put logistics activities in a subordinate position. Most enterprises disperse logistics activities such as warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, procurement, packaging and distribution in different departments, and do not bring them into one department for systematic planning and unified operation management.
1 4 Enterprises lack the concept of collaborative competition.
Under the environment of "economic globalization", "logistics without borders", increasingly fierce market competition and ever-changing customer needs, American enterprises still feel pressure when competing with Japanese enterprises. They have successively implemented the strategy of "returning to the core"-enterprises concentrate resources, cultivate core competence, vigorously develop core main business, make the main business bigger, stronger and more refined, seek logistics outsourcing on a global scale or conclude strategic alliances with global external enterprises to form a complete supply chain. In the rapidly changing market competition in China, it is difficult for a single enterprise to adjust itself by relying on its own resources to catch up with the speed of market changes. Therefore, enterprises must concentrate their limited resources on their core business, strengthen their core competence, and outsource their businesses that do not have core competence in the form of contracts.
2. China enterprise logistics development strategy.
2. 1 Strengthen the construction of logistics disciplines and speed up personnel training.
According to the statistics of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, in 2002, at least 40 universities in China existed in professional form or in professional form. More than 50 colleges and universities have opened logistics-related majors such as transportation and traffic engineering, and e-commerce. Some colleges and universities have realized the shortage of logistics talents and started to learn from the advanced logistics education experience of developed countries, and logistics research institutions have emerged accordingly. All these have become the support of logistics professionals and discipline system. However, it is still an urgent task to further strengthen the construction of logistics discipline, solve the problem of combining theory with practice and speed up the training of talents.
2.2 Accelerate the formulation of logistics standards
The National Technical Committee for Logistics Standardization was established to coordinate, plan and manage logistics standardization. Logistics standardization is to regard logistics as a large system, formulate technical standards for logistics facilities, machinery and equipment, special tools, various operating standards for packaging, warehousing, loading and unloading, and transportation, and form a national and international standardization system.
2.3 to create a good environment for the development of modern logistics
Without a perfect macro-environment and external environment, China enterprises can't build their own integrated logistics strategy according to market rules. China government should strengthen and improve the construction of logistics laws and regulations; We should adopt a proactive fiscal policy, tax policy and financial policy. It is necessary to create a good business environment for logistics enterprises and logistics service enterprises in cross-regional industrial and commercial registration, handling licenses, unified tax payment, traffic control, and inspection and customs clearance of import and export goods. It is necessary to support and guide logistics enterprises and logistics service enterprises to introduce advanced equipment, improve logistics facilities and improve logistics performance and logistics service level; Actively encourage and support large freight enterprises or storage and transportation enterprises with a certain foundation to improve their service functions, realize the transformation to logistics service enterprises, and promote the formation of the third-party logistics service market; It is necessary to improve the social security and employment mechanism, promote productive and circulating enterprises to use social logistics more, and improve economic and social benefits.
2.4 Accelerate the construction of logistics infrastructure
Accelerating the construction of comprehensive logistics center is the core to improve the comprehensive benefits of logistics. Large-scale comprehensive logistics center refers to a social logistics center with multi-function, high level, strong distribution function and wide radiation range. The experience of developed countries shows that integrated logistics centers play an extremely important role in regional economic development. The key to speeding up the construction of logistics infrastructure lies in raising funds. In addition to mobilizing its own funds, enterprises should also pay attention to introducing market competition mechanism, adhere to the principle of "whoever invests benefits" and absorb funds in various ways.
2.5 Actively use high-tech logistics equipment to improve logistics management technology.
While actively developing logistics, we will vigorously promote computer and information technology and develop special vehicles, advanced loading and unloading and warehousing technologies. Introducing foreign logistics management technology will help us get rid of the backward concept of focusing only on immediate vested interests and low-level expansion and monopoly protection of our department, thus narrowing the gap between China's logistics industry and modern logistics.
2.6 Improve service quality and establish a good reputation.
Quality is the life of an enterprise and an important factor for its sustainable development. Goodwill is a valuable intangible asset of an enterprise. Logistics enterprises should benefit from management, firmly establish the management concept of customer first among employees, and establish a set of strict business rules and systems. While doing a good job in internal mechanism management and improving service quality, logistics enterprises should pay special attention to establishing business reputation and expanding their influence in society.
2.7 enterprises should build an integrated logistics strategy
Only by forming a supply chain with other enterprises can any enterprise gain the initiative in competition. In the fierce market competition, enterprises must bring logistics activities into systematic and unified management. Integrated logistics not only improves the customer service level, but also reduces the total logistics cost, thus improving the market competitiveness. Without internal integration, it is impossible to cooperate with upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain to form an integrated supply chain. However, not every enterprise has set up a logistics service department or a logistics subsidiary. Only those enterprises with considerable logistics activities need to set up logistics service departments or logistics subsidiaries. But for newly established enterprises, they should focus on their core business and hand over the logistics to the third party. For some large-scale manufacturing enterprises, according to international experience, it is still worth serious consideration to spend hundreds of millions of yuan on their own logistics. Therefore, it is better to integrate internal logistics and hand over external logistics to a third party without too much investment.
2.8 Conclude a strategic alliance and participate in the competition with the overall advantages of the supply chain.
China's large manufacturing enterprises and commercial enterprises should quickly get rid of the "big and complete" management misunderstanding, seize the opportunity to form a strategic alliance with suitable suppliers and storage and transportation companies, participate in the competition with the overall advantages of the supply chain through cooperation, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. We should actively seek strategic cooperation with core enterprises and become long-term and stable strategic partners of core enterprises. It is the general trend to form a strategic alliance, implement supply chain management, participate in domestic and international competition with supply chain, and improve the competitiveness and market share of China products in domestic and international markets.
2.9 Develop global logistics and seek global market space.
Chinese enterprises should strengthen their sense of competition, seize the domestic market, take a global view, build a global strategy, seek global resource procurement, production assembly and finished product distribution with integrated logistics management and supply chain management, and participate in international competition. On a global scale, enterprises can improve their competitiveness in the international market and remain invincible in global competition by realizing rapid response to customers, improving customer service level and reducing total logistics costs or supply chain costs.