In study, work and life, everyone will inevitably come into contact with papers. With the help of papers, we can discuss problems and conduct academic research. How to write a thoughtful and literary paper? The following is a sample paper of water-saving irrigation technology for farmland water conservancy projects, which I collected for reference only. Welcome to reading.
When irrigated by traditional methods, weeds and water surface on both sides of the canal bed will evaporate a lot of water resources. In view of this situation, pipeline water delivery can be used to effectively control evaporation. In the future work, we must adhere to the combination of theory and practice under the guidance of science and technology, further improve water-saving irrigation technology and increase farmland yield.
Water-saving irrigation technology in farmland water conservancy projects has made great progress. The main irrigation methods are sprinkler irrigation technology, micro-irrigation technology, walking irrigation technology, rainwater collection and utilization technology and so on. Compared with traditional irrigation methods, the water-saving efficiency is greatly improved, which is conducive to the sustainable development of farmland water conservancy projects and effectively protects water resources and local environment. The following is an analysis of these aspects, hoping to give some reference to relevant people.
Keywords: farmland; Water conservancy project; Water-saving irrigation technology
1 preface
Due to the excessive utilization and development of human beings, water resources are already quite scarce. In order to protect the natural environment, ensure the harmony between man and nature, and advocate the sustainable development strategy of our country, water-saving technology must be applied in irrigation of farmland water conservancy projects to improve irrigation efficiency and ensure the increase of farmland production and income.
2 Analysis of matters needing attention in water-saving irrigation of farmland water conservancy projects
2. 1 analysis of matters needing attention for intake without dam
According to the actual situation, there are two kinds of construction, one is to build sluice, and the other is not to build sluice. If the diversion mouth is not built, the water flow can not be effectively controlled in the event of flood, which will lead to the facilities such as channels being washed away by the flood and flooding a large number of farmland. In view of this dangerous situation, we must consider the control scheme of building sluice. The diversion angle usually refers to the angle between the center line of the intake sluice and the direction of river water flow, and is generally designed as an acute angle, which is basically within the range of 30 ~ 45 to ensure the stability of water flow. This diversion effect is also the best, and it also reduces the erosion of the lower lip of the intake by water flow. If the water level is very low, there is no condition for self-flow irrigation. In this case, cut-off structures, or low dams, inspection doors, etc. It can be built on the river to raise the water level, store water resources and adjust the water level reasonably. Gravity irrigation can be used for irrigation.
2.2 Effectively control the waste of water resources caused by water conveyance.
In the long-term irrigation development of farmland water conservancy, ditch-digging irrigation is mainly used to transport water directly to farmland. If the management is not in place, or the pipeline equipment used has quality problems, the transported water will evaporate and leak to a certain extent, and a large amount of irrigation water will be lost. Combined with years of working experience and related data analysis, the annual water demand for plant growth is generally 400 billion m3[ 1]. However, only 50%~60% of all transported water is used for farmland irrigation. In view of this situation, it is necessary to strictly control the quality of water delivery links and take effective water-saving measures, such as checking pumps and pipelines, to avoid water leakage and seepage, effectively control agricultural production costs and improve overall irrigation efficiency.
2.3 Anti-seepage treatment of channels
In the process of farmland irrigation, the excavated channels can be used to transport water resources. In order to ensure the full utilization of water resources, it is necessary to reasonably select canal seepage prevention materials. Cast-in-place concrete facing, mortar masonry, precast concrete surface and dry masonry are commonly used anti-seepage materials, and statistics show that 80%~90% of the leakage loss can be solved. If mortar masonry is used, the seepage loss can be reduced to 60% ~ 70%[2]. On the other hand, laying plastic film on the canal surface can reduce the water loss to 90%, but this treatment cost is very high, so it can not be widely promoted in use and can only be used in a targeted way. In the construction, if the designed channel is relatively small, concrete cover plate is also required, and technicians can choose U-shaped concrete channel, which can improve the water flow.
2.4 Pipes can be selected for water conveyance.
When irrigated by traditional methods, weeds and water surface on both sides of the canal bed will evaporate a lot of water resources. In view of this situation, pipeline water delivery can be used to effectively control evaporation. If sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and other technologies are applied in farmland irrigation, high-pressure water pipes can be selected for surface irrigation, which can effectively reduce the waste of water resources by 5%~ 10%. The water utilization rate of this irrigation method is as high as 95%, and it is widely used in practice because of its low cost.
3 Analysis of water-saving irrigation methods for farmland water conservancy projects
3. 1 application analysis of sprinkler irrigation technology in farmland water conservancy projects
Sprinkler irrigation technology mainly adopts water pump, pipeline and automatic sprinkler. Under the action of the water pump, pressure is generated to push the water tank nozzle in the pipeline to flow, and high pressure is generated at the nozzle to spray water into the field. This spraying process is very uniform, which improves the effectiveness of irrigation and achieves a good purpose of water saving. Through the investigation and statistics of actual spraying technology, the uniformity of sprinkler irrigation can reach over 90%, and the utilization rate of water resources can be improved by 60%~85%. Compared with traditional ground irrigation, sprinkler irrigation can save about 30%~50% water consumption.
3.2 Analyze the application of walking irrigation technology in farmland water conservancy projects.
For the walking irrigation mode, the power source of irrigation is mainly electricity and related agricultural machinery, and then the corresponding irrigation equipment is equipped to improve the adaptability and effectiveness of this walking irrigation mode. This irrigation mode fully combines agricultural machinery technology and water-saving technology, and the whole operation process is not complicated. Through the simple assembly of different equipment, it can be directly irrigated in the field, with convenient flow and strong adaptability, and is widely used in farmland irrigation. On the other hand, after the application of walking irrigation technology, there is no need to build large-scale water conservancy projects in the local area, which greatly saves the construction cost of water conservancy projects and manpower and material resources, so this irrigation mode will not be eliminated in the continuous development of technology.
3.3 Analyze the application of micro-irrigation technology in farmland water conservancy projects.
Through the in-depth study of drip irrigation technology, combined with the actual needs and shortcomings of this technology, relevant technicians made reasonable improvements, thus developing micro-irrigation technology. Micro-irrigation technology has played a great role in water saving. There are four specific application modes, namely small piping, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation and infiltration irrigation [3], and the specific micro-irrigation mode can be selected according to actual needs. This micro-irrigation technology is mainly composed of emitters, irrigation heads and water distribution networks. Micro-irrigation mainly has the following characteristics: the irrigation flow is very small during irrigation, and a micro-irrigation will last for a long time. In addition, this irrigation method has a short irrigation cycle and can control the irrigation water well. In addition, nutrients, water and nutrients can be transported to the soil of crop roots during irrigation. This irrigation method is more direct, more effective, shorter in action time and more adaptable, so cash crops are selected. Combined with the actual irrigation situation, the relevant data are sorted and analyzed. This irrigation technology can save 50%~80% water consumption, improve fertilizer utilization rate and improve soil structure to some extent.
4 conclusion
Through the above analysis of water-saving irrigation technology of farmland water conservancy projects, it is found that there are many water-saving irrigation technologies. At present, micro-irrigation technology, walking irrigation technology and sprinkler irrigation technology have been well applied in practice, effectively saving water resources and improving irrigation effect. In the future work, we must adhere to the combination of theory and practice under the guidance of science and technology, further improve water-saving irrigation technology and increase farmland yield.
References:
[1] Sheng Yanan. On the application of water-saving irrigation technology in farmland water conservancy projects [J]. Engineering Technology: Citation Edition, 2016 (12):172.
[2] Zhang Bin. Study on water-saving irrigation technology of farmland water conservancy projects [J]. Agricultural Science and Technology and Information, 20 16( 17):96.
[3] Gulaiti, Tursunyaz. On water-saving irrigation technology and its application in farmland water conservancy projects [J]. Architectural Engineering Technology and Design, 20 16(23).
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