First, the definition of abstract is a new scientific style that appeared in 2 1 century. Its name includes review, summary, dynamics, progress, summary and overview. At present, there are many definitions of review, but there is no uniform standard. The common expression is: summary, investigation or comment), which is the abbreviation of comprehensive narrative. It is a kind of third-level literature based on the utilization of first-level literature and second-level literature. Another way of saying it is: an article written by comprehensively and objectively describing and commenting on the valuable information in the original documents published by a certain discipline (specialist or special subject) is a summary. Different from the original paper, because it is not a concrete report of the achievements of a scientific research project; Nor is it the compilation and indexing of abstracts, because it is not a simple document list, but a high-level document that comprehensively analyzes, compares and comments on many related documents. Second, the structure of comments and the structure of writing comments as a scientific style, from the perspective of "the text carries the Tao, and if the Tao is not written, it will not be passed on", the comment has its unique structural form. Generally speaking, a review consists of topics, abstracts, texts, abstracts and references. 1. The title of the title abstract is a high generalization and refinement of the content of the abstract, which plays a role in revealing the purpose, defining the scope and making the full text of the abstract the finishing touch. There should be keywords in the title that reflect the subject (specialty, topic) attribute, time and geographical scope of the article, and signs that summarize the problem should be used. Summary topics should be concise, novel and eye-catching, and the number of words should be controlled within 20 words. 2. Overview The overview part mainly plays the role of "breaking the topic", explaining the origin and academic significance of the overview, pointing out the accurate meaning of related concepts and terms in the topic, and describing the main purpose of the overview. After reading the general introduction, readers can have a general understanding of the main contents of the general introduction and be interested in further reading. The beginning of the summary should be clear, short and pithy, and the number of words should be controlled between 200 and 300 words. 3. The text summary is the main part of the whole article, including the core basic content of the whole article. The original documents should be organized according to arguments and arguments, and described by a thread. In order to highlight the theme, we should not only pay attention to the logic of the structure, but also pay attention to the readability of words and phrases. The length of the text is long, so it should be subtitled under the headline and deepened continuously; At the beginning of each paragraph, the argument leads the way and describes the argument in an argumentation way; Citation should be based on the principle of using publicly published original documents, citing documents published in recent years as much as possible, and the cited documents should be comprehensive, reasonable and truthfully reflect the views and materials of the original documents. The number of words in a text is flexible, depending on what it reflects. Generally, it should be controlled within 5000 words. On the basis of explaining the problem, the length of the text should be short rather than long. 4. The summary part of the abstract is the conclusion drawn by the author after summarizing the full text, explaining which ones are positive, which ones are negative and which ones are undecided. The author can show his academic tendency, make predictions, make suggestions, and make brief discussions and evaluations. This part of the text also needs to be concise and to the point, and there is no need to make a long speech. 5. References are an important part of critical articles. There are many references at the end of the article, which is one of the characteristics of the summary style. Listing cited documents at the end of the abstract has three meanings: first, it is necessary to implement the intellectual property protection law, and indicating the source of citation means respecting the labor achievements of the cited person; Secondly, it can explain the evidence of the review and reflect the credibility of the review; Third, it provides readers with clues for corresponding inspection and research. When labeling references, we should seek truth from facts, avoid arrogance, and write one by one in strict accordance with the requirements of recording format and content in scientific and technological writing. The writing of comments is based on the author's possession of a large number of original documents. However, the possession of information does not mean summary, and the random listing of information is not summary. Only the correct use of information and rigorous narration can produce a summary. Writing a summary includes four steps: determining the topic, drawing up an outline, compiling articles and compiling references. 1. Determining the title of the abstract is the premise of writing the abstract. We should be good at finding and thinking about problems in the process of professional study and reading and sorting out original documents. Generally speaking, the topics and propositions summarized in recent years are usually found from the perspectives of novelty, popularity and contention. "New" refers to the new trend, new level, new principle and new technology of science and technology of specialty (discipline and special subject), which is mainly related to achievements; "Hot spots" refer to the hot issues that form a climax in scientific research; "Controversy" refers to controversial issues with different opinions in scientific discussions. It is easy to see a batch of original documents from these three aspects, and it is also possible to attract readers by focusing on the above three aspects. After the initial determination of the theme, we should repeatedly study and analyze the original documents, select the most useful materials from them, and formulate the topic appropriately. A big topic with insufficient content will inevitably lead to top-heavy problems; On the other hand, if the topic is small and there are many contents, it will also make mistakes that do not match the name. To determine the topic, in addition to the objective subject matter, we must also weigh it with the author's subjective situation. When writing a review for the first time, you must not aim too high when choosing a topic, but choose those big questions and difficult problems. Choosing a topic must be practical and realistic, so as to avoid wasting time and energy because of insufficient materials or limited ability. 2. Drawing up an outline is the framework of the article. Before writing a summary, the original documents should be sorted according to the classification of topics and an outline should be listed. Write a specific outline, including the title, subtitle, which documents to quote under the subtitle, and what issues are mainly discussed in the abstract. It can be said that the outline is the stage of drafting, that is, describing the outline of the article in your mind with words. After the outline is drawn up, it should be revised and scrutinized repeatedly, so that the title can dominate the topic and develop in an orderly manner. Subtitles support titles and reflect the spirit of cited materials, and the arrangement of cited documents should be logical. Make a logical outline and summarize the article. 3. Edit the summary text according to the outline specification, enrich the summary content and put it into words. First, in one go. In the draft, you don't have to haggle over small aspects, such as the fluency and appropriateness of words, but you should pay attention to big aspects, such as whether the problem has been made clear and whether the cited materials are comprehensive. Read the draft again in a few days, consider it paragraph by paragraph, and make detailed revisions and polishing. Repeat it many times until you are satisfied. 4. The compilation of references is an integral part of the review article. At the end of the summary, the source catalogue of the original documents must be compiled and kept consistent with the reference number. Because of many revisions in drafting the outline and writing the article, and the same article in the original document is quoted many times in the abstract, mistakes will be made if you are not careful. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the references and notes at the end of the text word by word, so that every word is well-founded, every sentence has its source and the notes are standardized. The bibliography at the end of the article is usually arranged in the order in which it appears in the review article. In addition to the serial number, the contents should also include: author's name, article name, original periodical name, issue number, starting page number, publication date, publishing house name, etc. Its purpose is to enable readers to find the original file effectively. Three. The process of writing summary notes is a process of constantly improving one's thinking and writing expression ability, and it is a process of seeking truth from facts by combining subjective and objective, which cannot be achieved overnight. Writing a summary should also follow the writing rules. From the selection of materials, the establishment of topics, the preparation of outlines, the organization of texts, and the citation of documents and materials, we have to go through several adjustment and revision processes of affirmation-negation and negation-affirmation. In addition, in order to make the abstract a good article with novel theme, informative materials, clear reasoning and concise words, we should also pay attention to the following problems. 1. Search in advance. At present, it is necessary to check whether there are summary articles on similar topics published in recent years through search to prevent repeated efforts. Second, the combination of professional summary articles is the summary of many professional articles, which is very professional. Therefore, when you don't have considerable professional knowledge, you can't deeply understand the contents of the original documents, and you can't form a judgment that conforms to the laws of objective things, don't force yourself to write a summary of related majors. Be sure to combine your own professional expertise to write. It is best to sum up your strengths and write what you are most familiar with, which is easy to master and handy. Third, sufficient information is the basis of the review, so the original literature must be fully occupied when writing the review. When collecting relevant original documents, we should try our best to avoid omissions, especially the works of authoritative experts and scholars. To quote original vouchers, we should do the following: first, put an end to all lists that must be recorded in detail; Second, we should pay attention to the selection of typical authoritative materials, especially those published in recent years; Third, we should quote directly to avoid misinterpreting the original intention. Fourth, the subjective evaluation of serious review must be objective and avoid the separation of narration and discussion. In addition, we should grasp the importance of affirmation and negation, and use less adjectives or articles such as "most" and "first" in the text; Try to be objective and detached, and avoid the personal feelings of the portal. Pay attention to avoid putting your research results in the summary for self-evaluation.