Problem description:
Looking for Marx's Political Economy Proposition —— On the Law of Value
If appropriate, you can also increase the reward points. ....
Analysis:
On the regulating function and macro-control of the law of value
Content summary:
As far as resource allocation is concerned, vigorous free competition under the market mechanism has accelerated the pace of optimizing resource allocation, greatly improved production efficiency, and made the market economy glow with incomparable brilliance and vitality. However, it is precisely because of the cruelty of survival of the fittest and the motivation of "economic man" who pursues the maximization of interests that the market mechanism has its own insurmountable spontaneity and blindness, and the economic operation inevitably fluctuates greatly. Objectively, it is required that * * * must master the necessary economic resources and participate in the necessary economic activities within a certain limit, so as to overcome the market failure and ensure the smooth operation of the economy through macroeconomic policies.
Key words:
Regulation function of law of value and macro-control
Content:
First, the law of value is the basic law of commodity economy. As long as the commodity economy exists, the law of value will inevitably play a role. The basic content and objective requirements of the law of value are: the value of goods is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing goods; Commodity exchange should be based on the value of equivalent exchange. It can be seen that the law of value is not only the law of value determination, but also the law of value realization. In other words, it not only regulates the laws of commodity production but also regulates the laws of commodity exchange.
In the commodity economy based on private ownership, the law of value has the following effects on social economy:
1, the law of value spontaneously regulates the proportional distribution of means of production and labor among social production departments, that is, the allocation of social resources.
2, the law of value spontaneous commodity producers improve technology, improve management, and then promote the development of social productive forces.
3, the law of value will cause and promote the polarization of commodity producers, resulting in the result of survival of the fittest.
In short, the role of the law of value is the role of competition mechanism and price mechanism, which boils down to optimizing resource allocation and improving economic benefits. This is achieved through the relationship between price and supply and demand, through the fact that value is determined by socially necessary labor time, and producers should improve labor productivity and make their personal labor time lower than socially necessary labor time.
2. Macro-control refers to the regulation of the total monetary revenue and expenditure, the total fiscal revenue and expenditure, the total foreign exchange revenue and expenditure and the supply and demand of major materials in order to achieve macro-balance and maintain sustained, stable and coordinated economic growth. As a result, other measures taken to make up for market failures are usually included in the scope of macro-control.
Macro-control is mainly manifested in the state's use of economic policies, economic laws and regulations, planning guidance and necessary administrative management to play a regulatory role in the effective role of the market economy.
On the issue of macro-control, I think our understanding is somewhat biased, including the theory of "post-macro-control". In fact, there is no early macro-control and late macro-control, which is not an era. Why? Because macro-control is specialized in macroeconomic management economics abroad, it is a supplement to the market mechanism. In the past, our understanding of this issue thought that planning was macro management. I don't think there is such a problem in foreign countries, but this is not the case.
1985 There was a meeting, and we invited a group of foreign economists. When foreign economists talk about market economy, the French economist is called Ahlback. He said that China is a market economy with macro management. We started the reform in 1978, and it was not until 1985 that we realized that the western market economy, especially the modern western market economy, is a macro-management market economy. When we put forward the socialist market economy, what is the relationship between our macro-management and market mechanism? Many people are confused again, thinking that the market economy does not need macro management, which is wrong. We should overcome the volatility and blindness of the market, both of which are of the same quality. What did the entrepreneur say about macro-control and macro-management?
Many people talk about market economy, but they don't talk about how it works. We should establish the state to regulate the market and the market to regulate enterprises, which is our theoretical innovation. This is half because it also has a reverse adjustment. If the enterprise changes, it will affect the market signal, and then affect the country. The country is further carrying out macro-control policies, so it is an interactive behavior, so both aspects will be complete.
Macro-control is a constantly changing and complete process.
If the enterprise and market signals change, the state will further carry out macro-control. This is a continuous reciprocating process, so macro-control is an infinite process. So where did the late macro-control come from, and where did the early macro-control come from? He lived with the market economy from beginning to end, so when he understood the current policy, he found the direction, saw the future and wanted to see the future. If you want to see the future, you must arm yourself theoretically, what is macro-control, what is market mechanism and what is the operation mode of market economy. If you master these, you can master the future. Therefore, if the enterprise does not participate in this link, it will lead to insufficient information and make some aspects take longer. If it is reflected and adjusted in time, the effect will be faster, so it is an interactive behavior. Therefore, enterprises should participate.
Macro-control is a constantly changing process, so our country's macro-control is not only aimed at real estate, but also at real estate. One of our contacts is that there are 800 kinds of goods in our country, or a considerable part of 900 kinds of goods are in oversupply, so we should solve this problem. Now, after China's entry into WTO, textiles are restricted, making it more difficult to export, and foreign trade has reached 70%. In this case, the export of products is restricted. We import 40% of energy, so now the oil price has risen to 70 dollars a barrel, which has affected the development of domestic economy. We need to consider expanding domestic demand because the supply of a large number of products exceeds demand.
The ability to expand domestic demand
The second policy is to expand domestic demand and rely on the consumption power of our residents to consume our products and turn them into value. The real estate industry is an important part of the new economic growth point and plays an important role in stimulating domestic demand.
Macro-control is to consume goods and products produced by market economy by increasing the ability of domestic demand, form a balance between supply and demand, and build an internal growth mechanism of market economy. To solve this problem, real estate is only one aspect. You should form an internal growth mechanism, and consumers in enterprises and markets should be linked to national policies. There is a policy realization, through which enterprises feed back information to the market and the market feeds back to the macro department. The participation of enterprises plays a certain role in the correctness of macroeconomic regulation and control. Macro-control is a big aspect, which should be constantly adjusted and improved to balance economic supply and demand.
On the Development of Regional Economy
There is another important issue: the development of our regional economy, the development of regional economy, the development of the western region, the revitalization of the northeast, and the modernization of the east. The development of this region provides unlimited business opportunities for the development of the real estate industry, and the real estate industry can make great achievements in regional coordinated development. There is another point that many people haven't said, that is, to go abroad, our construction industry should go abroad and have a good influence in the construction industry internationally. In the earthquake in Algeria, the buildings built by our Shanghai construction company in other countries collapsed or broke, and our hospital did not move. So Algeria gave us a very good evaluation. How to combine China's real estate industry with going abroad is a new economic growth point of the real estate industry. It should be said that the Fifth Plenary Session provided a broad development direction for it. With the implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan, China's real estate industry will make great achievements and development.
Real estate problems:
In 2006, the Shanghai property market will be regulated from both supply and demand. On the 23rd, at the news briefing held by Shanghai Housing and Land Resources Administration, Pang Yuan, deputy director of Shanghai Housing and Land Administration, said that this year, the two-way regulation of supply and demand will be strengthened and improved around maintaining the stability of the real estate market.
Pang Yuan said that this year Shanghai will continue to implement the regulation principles of "focusing on residence, focusing on citizens' consumption and focusing on ordinary commercial housing" and "encouraging consumption, regulating investment and curbing speculation".
On the supply side, the Shanghai Real Estate Bureau will strengthen the pre-sale management according to the developer's capital situation, and actively guide the developers to list in batches in an orderly and balanced manner.
At the same time, by strengthening the regulation of land supply, the pace of listing of supporting commercial housing will be reasonably controlled, and the total supply and listing pace of new commercial housing will be further controlled.
On the demand side, we will continue to implement various measures, actively guide market expectations and confidence, and further encourage people to live a normal life.
In housing construction, it is necessary to strengthen the forward-looking research on housing development, promote the modernization of housing industry, explore the construction standards of energy-saving and land-saving housing, further improve the quality of housing projects and supporting facilities, and reduce housing resources and energy consumption.
Last year, Shanghai built 85 "four high" excellent residential quarters; Intensify the comprehensive transformation of "flat to slope" and complete 60 projects with 3.86 million square meters, benefiting more than 60,000 households; Completed the comprehensive renovation of old houses by 6,543,800+0,550 square meters; The work of low-rent housing has been intensified, and the number of families enjoying the low-rent housing policy has increased from 1.35 million at the end of last year to 1.8 million.
In addition, Shanghai plans to complete the comprehensive renovation of 9 million square meters of old houses in 2006, including 4 million square meters of comprehensive renovation of 40 residential areas, which will be included in the city's "flat to slope" project.
Summary:
Because social supply and demand are influenced by market mechanism and other factors, under the condition of socialist market economy, periodic fluctuations in economic operation exist objectively, and must be adjusted by strengthening and improving macro-control to smooth the fluctuations in economic development. If there is a market mechanism, there must be macro-control. The two complement each other and together constitute the essential content of the socialist market economic system. Macro-control will run through the whole process of reform, opening up and modernization. In this sense, there is no question of when macro-control will end. However, the direction, emphasis and intensity of macro-control should and must be adjusted according to the economic operation in different periods. From beginning to end, we should not only give full play to the basic role of market mechanism in allocating resources, but also strengthen and improve macro-control according to the ever-changing economic operation, both of which are indispensable.
From the above analysis of macro-control, we can see that the state indirectly controls the price as a comprehensive reflection of the national economy by adjusting many factors that affect the value and price, that is, the use value, the circulation of paper money and the labor productivity. These methods are based on the requirements of the law of value. As far as market regulation is concerned, it also reflects the requirements and functions of the law of value. Therefore, the price problem is essentially a question of recognizing or not recognizing the law of value; Abiding by and applying the law of value is the key to deal with the price problem. This scientific conclusion has been proved by China's practice.