Keywords: college students' career planning, design and implementation
1 the present situation and necessity of college students' career planning
1. 1 Current situation of college students' career planning
In 2004, Beisen Evaluation Network, Labor Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and Sina.com jointly conducted the first online survey on the employment situation of contemporary college students. One of the results shows that only 17.5% of college students consider both hobbies and future development space when choosing a job. At present, Professor Lu Shizhen, vice president of China Youth University for Politics, also made a survey on the career planning and development of college students in China. The results show that 67.29% of college students have determined their career orientation, and 49.84% of college students lack understanding of their chosen career. Compared with the 2004 Survey on the Current Situation of Contemporary College Students' First Jobs, college students' understanding and application of self-career planning have been thoroughly improved and improved. Although the number of users has increased, there are a series of problems among college students who have determined their career orientation, such as high self-evaluation, inaccurate understanding of the employment situation, lack of knowledge and single knowledge structure, blindness and unscientific grasp of their own career development planning, which makes the current situation of college students' career planning in China still not optimistic.
1.2 the necessity of college students' career planning
1.2. 1 social competitiveness
According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, there will be 665,438+million college graduates nationwide in 2009, and with the 1 10,000 unemployed graduates who graduated last year, a total of about 7 1 10,000 people will need employment. At the same time, under the influence of the financial crisis, the phenomenon of "more monks than porridge" in society is becoming more and more obvious. College students who have just entered the society are far from being recognized by the society in terms of experience and ability, and the pressure of employment competition is even greater. Career planning can help college students set their career goals as early as possible, cultivate their ability in their own direction, increase their knowledge reserves, and make them stand out in the severe employment environment.
1.2.2 unit selectivity
Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's economic system, that is, from a planned economy to a market-oriented market economic system. Under the new economic system, without the absolute dominance of policies, the role of the market began to occupy a dominant position, and fierce competition took place among enterprises. If an enterprise wants to survive in the competition, it must constantly adjust its organization and reorganize its business according to the changes in the external market. In this process, there are both employers' demand for high-level talents and the elimination of low-level employees. Career planning can avoid the passive and helpless situation when being chosen by enterprises.
1.2.3 personnel flow
With the reform and opening up, the impact of western ideas has broken people's old fixed employment concept, coupled with the increase of job opportunities and posts, as well as the adjustment and reform of the national household registration policy. Today, the flow of people in the workplace has been very frequent, but for college students who have just entered the society, the flow is more frequent due to the influence of the environment and their own factors. On the one hand, this liquidity provides opportunities for self-adjustment. On the other hand, the phenomenon of frequent job-hopping also shows that college students are not clear about their career goals. Career planning can help college students make a correct orientation of their career goals, objectively and rationally evaluate the gap between personal goals and reality, and make college students consciously change their wrong views on career choice and establish correct career development goals and career ideals.
1.2.4 variability of human needs
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, it is pointed out that there are five different levels of human needs. After completing every level of their own needs, people will always sprint towards higher levels of needs and constantly improve their own levels of needs. Then it also shows that with the development and change of occupation, people's needs in different periods are different. Career planning is to help people plan their own development process and the pursuit of each stage in advance, so that people will not be in a hurry when facing their own development stages.
2 the design of college students' career planning
Career planning is very important for people of all working ages, but it is more important for young college students who are about to enter the society to design their own career planning scientifically. So how to design a career plan that suits you scientifically can be divided into three stages:
2. 1 career exploration stage
As the first stage of career planning, career exploration plays an indispensable role. That is to know who I am. What environmental factors affect my development? This stage includes:
2. 1. 1 self-assessment
Self-assessment refers to the evaluator's comprehensive and objective analysis of himself, including understanding his value orientation, hobbies, personality, knowledge and skills, and the ability to coordinate activities. Different occupations have different requirements for employees. The more you know about yourself, the more reasonable your career choice will be.
2. 1.2 environmental factor assessment
Environmental factors include family environment, social environment and organizational environment. Through the analysis of these environments, it is helpful to correctly analyze whether you adapt to the changes of organizational environment or social environment and how to adjust yourself to meet the needs of the organization and society.
2.2 Planning stage
This stage is the stage of initially formulating the implementation steps of career planning after self-complete understanding. But at present, college students need to pay attention to the combination of theory and practice in the process of implementation. This stage includes: 2.2. 1 career opportunity assessment.
Career opportunity evaluation refers to the individual's active analysis of the influence of social environment and internal environment of the organization on their career development. It includes the evaluation of long-term and short-term opportunities. Through the analysis of the social environment, combined with my specific situation, evaluate what long-term development opportunities there are; Evaluate the short-term development opportunities in the organization through the analysis of the organizational environment. In order to determine the career and career development goals.
Choose a career
Career choice is a combination of self and society, that is, excluding a single analytical environment and combining one's own characteristics and social environment, to find out the industries that one is interested in and capable of engaging in. Find the best combination of one's own ability and value with social needs.
2.2.3 Determine career goals
Career goals include life goals, long-term goals, medium-term goals and short-term goals. Compared with the career goals of on-the-job staff, the career development planning of college students has great variability. In the stage of implementing career planning, we can't determine accurate and stable goals immediately. We should pay more attention to the formulation of short-term goals while basically grasping the overall trend of life development goals.
2.2.4 Make education and training plans.
In this process, the education and training plan corresponding to the occupation is emphasized. Compared with college students, they have not yet entered the social workplace, and the formulation of education and training plans is mostly based on the simulation of future careers, which is a self-cultivation process for the qualities they will be engaged in after graduation. Then in the process of planning and implementation, on the one hand, we should consult more experts and pay attention to practice. On the other hand, the formulation of the plan should vary from person to person and from environment to environment, and we should not blindly imitate the formulation form of others.
2.3 Planning, evaluation and adjustment stage-evaluation and feedback
The evaluation and feedback process of career planning is to modify one's original plan through self-analysis and peripheral evaluation in the implementation stage of career planning, so as to achieve a more scientific and perfect purpose and help one's career development.
3 the implementation of college students' career planning
The implementation stage of college students' career is the transition from students to professionals. However, career planning alone is not enough. More importantly, how to implement it so that it can help you finally achieve your career goals. However, the implementation of each grade can not be unified, and it should be completed in stages according to the characteristics of different college students in each grade, so as to effectively promote the completion of career planning.
3. 1 freshman stage-probation period
In this period, college students should pay attention to the understanding of their professional training objectives and employment direction, consciously cultivate their self-study ability and habits, clarify their professional learning objectives, and have a preliminary understanding of their careers, especially the careers they want to engage in in in the future or the occupations corresponding to their majors. At the same time, through the analysis of their hobbies, personality characteristics, professional ability tendency, initially establish a career plan.
3.2 Sophomore-Welcome Period
In this period, college students should pay more attention to the consideration of the future, clarify their own quality and skills, pay attention to improving their learning ability and expand their knowledge; Participate in more practical activities, increase contact with the society and deepen the understanding of the society. At the same time, we should also test our knowledge and skills and revise our career plan according to our personal interests and abilities.
3.3 Three stages-sprint period
Facing the imminent graduation, more college students have made their development plans clearer. Students preparing for employment after graduation should take part in more activities, exercise their abilities, obtain various certificates related to their future careers, and improve their comprehensive quality. Students who are going to further their studies should invest more time in their studies and expand their knowledge reserves.
3.4 Four stages-differentiation stage
During this period, college students no longer hesitate to find a job, take the postgraduate entrance examination or go abroad for further study, and most of them have clear goals. College students should actively seek more specific and targeted help and guidance. Students who take the postgraduate entrance examination can seek the help of brothers and sisters who have successfully taken the postgraduate entrance examination, draw up some review plans and refer to their successful experiences. For students who take part in the work, it is necessary to emphasize the improvement of professional ability and the simulated training of job application ability.
In a word, college students' career planning plays an important role in the establishment and realization of life goals and values, and excellent career planning is a shortcut to success. Therefore, college students should pay attention to the design and implementation of career planning during their college years.
refer to
[1] Jiang Zhan Qisheng, Introduction to College Students' Career Planning [M], Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2005.
[2] Liu Lihua. College Students' Employment Guidance and Career Development Education [M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2009.