Keywords: tourism resources, tourism economic development status and measures
1 Qinghai tourism resources
Qinghai has a long history, splendid culture, beautiful mountains and rivers and many ethnic groups. It is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world. It has unique natural scenery and human landscape, and is rich in tourism resources.
1. 1 natural resources
Qinghai is an important part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world and the birthplace of famous mountains and rivers. The Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River originate in Qinghai, and the famous mountains such as Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Qilian Mountain run across the north and south of Qinghai. There are many places where natural landscapes can be developed and utilized. At present, the national scenic spots in Qinghai Province are Qinghai Lake; There are five nature reserves: Sanjiangyuan, Hoh Xil, Bird Island in Qinghai, Longbaotan in Yushu and Tianchi in Mengda. In addition, Kunlun Mountain, Sun Moon Mountain, cambra Scenic Area, Lijiaxia Reservoir, Maixiu Forest Farm, Chaka Salt Lake, Jinyintan Prairie, Anima Qingbao Yuze Snow Mountain and so on can all be developed into new tourism economic growth points. Moreover, most of Qinghai's natural tourism resources have retained their original features without carving, and the landscape is unique, full of novelty, mystery, roughness and primitiveness. Magnificent, grand, long history, extensive and profound.
1.2 human resources
(1) Ethnic aspect: Qinghai is a multi-ethnic province with 33 ethnic minorities. Ethnic minorities account for 42.8% of the total population. Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, Tu, Salar and other ethnic minorities have a long history and excellent cultural traditions, and maintain unique and colorful national customs and habits. For example, the Han people's social fire, Tibetan Tibetan opera and Zhao An have distinct regional characteristics. Ethnic festivals that can attract tourists include June 6th (Lunar New Year) Mutual Help Tu Flower Festival and July 25th to August 1 Day Yushu Jockey Club.
(2) Religion: Tibetan Buddhism in Qinghai has the greatest influence. Laibagou, the most peculiar Tibetan Buddhist scenic spot in China, is located in Qinghai. Ta 'er Temple in Xining is one of the six Lama temples in China and the birthplace of Zong Kaba, the founder of Yellow Sect. Yushu Jiegu Temple has "the first pile in the world". In addition, Hualong Xiaqiong Temple, Huzhu You Ning Temple, Ledu Qutan Temple and Xining Beichan Temple are all famous temples in Qinghai. In addition to Tibetan Buddhism, Hui and Salar people have believed in Islam for generations. Dongguan Mosque in Xining City is the highest academic activity center of Islam in Qinghai Province and enjoys a high reputation in the Islamic community at home and abroad. Some Mongolians believe in Shamanism, while Tu people worship their ancestors very much. Qinghai is also an important legend of Taoism, and the Yaochi of the Queen Mother of the West is here.
(3) Historical aspect: Kunlun culture occupies an important position in China culture and is a great cultural totem of the Chinese nation. The source of thousands of waters, the ancestor of thousands of mountains, indicates that all rivers run into the sea and China is of the same root. There are primitive tombs in Liuwan cemetery in Qinghai, and there are Nomuhong cultural sites represented by local indigenous culture in the Bronze Age. There are traces of the Silk Road. There are large-scale Tubo tombs in Dulan Hot Water in the early Tang Dynasty, the ruins of the ancient Tang-Fan Road and Princess Wencheng Temple built when Princess Wencheng entered Tibet. There is also a red tourism project in which the Red Army's West Route Army fought against Ma Bufang, a warlord in Qinghai.
Second, the development of tourism in Qinghai
2. 1 Qinghai Tourism Development Status
Although Qinghai is rich in tourism resources, due to various factors, the development of tourism is not optimistic. Qinghai generally faces two problems:
(1) Tourism economy is in the lower reaches of China.
1 in Lower Tu Tu is 1995—— 1999, the number and income of domestic tourists in Qinghai Province;
The annual reception number (10,000 person-times) and the income of staying days (100 million yuan) increased by% over the previous year.
Digital income
1995 150 2. 12 4.77 0 \
1996 150 2.00 4.5 0 -0.57
1997 150 1.74 3.9 0 - 13.3
1998 150 1.59 3.57 0 -0.85
1999 150 1.7 4 0.67 12.05
Figure 2 The number and income of domestic tourists in Qinghai Province from 1995 to 1999.
Lower Tu Tu 2 1995—— 1999, the number of overseas tourists and the situation of earning foreign exchange in Qinghai province;
The annual income (ten thousand yuan) of the number of people (person-times) increased by% (income) over the previous year.
1995 13332 230.6 -89.4
1996 10352 205 - 1 1. 1
1997 128 17 272 32.7
1998 166 10 276.4 1.6
1999 20500 329.3 109
Figure 2 The number of overseas tourists received and the foreign exchange earned in Qinghai Province from 1995 to 1999.
Since 1999, the number of domestic and foreign tourists received by Qinghai has been increasing, reaching 5.092 million in 2004, but compared with other provinces, the total number of tourists is still low. According to the data, in 2003, the total tourism revenue of Qinghai Province was equivalent to 3.7% of GDP, and the foreign exchange income of tourism ranked second from the bottom in the country.
(2) Tourism is too limited by seasons.
The tourist season in Qinghai is generally concentrated in May-September every year, and the time to generate benefits is too short. Through research and analysis, we know that with the rich tourism resources in Qinghai, we can travel all year round. For example, butter sculpture, one of the three wonders of Ta 'er Temple, is a specialty in winter. Folklore tours, religious pilgrimage tours, historical adventure tours and mountaineering adventure tours that can be developed in Qinghai can be participated in all seasons.
2.2 Lag reasons
Traffic problems, propaganda problems and integration problems are the main reasons that restrict the effective release of advantages of Qinghai tourism resources.
(1) Traffic problem: Although roads leading to tourist attractions such as Qinghai Lake and Mengda Tianchi have been built in recent years, the problem of difficult roads is gradually being solved. However, due to the scattered tourist attractions in Qinghai, the journey is far from Xining city, and it takes a long time to reach the destination. For example, it takes more than three hours to drive from Xining to Tianchi in Mengda, two and a half hours to drive to Qinghai Lake in good condition, and more than three hours by shuttle bus. Moreover, after arriving at the scenic spot, the activities are not rich. Therefore, it is easy for tourists to feel that "it is better to see the scenery than to listen to it" and "it is not particularly worthwhile to visit here"
(2) Publicity issues:
① Publicity: Although the publicity of Qinghai's tourism resources has increased compared with the past, and the popularity of some scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake has been continuously improved with activities such as "Lake Race", on the whole, more tourism resources in Qinghai have not been lifted. In terms of external recommendation, although some scenic spots have made some efforts, it is difficult to form a strong social impact because they cannot form persistence and permanence.
② Comprehensive publicity: At the beginning of Qinghai's tourism development, it mostly focused on the publicity of natural resources, and rarely involved human landscape. This is also an important reason for the "four distinct seasons" of Qinghai tourism.
(3) Integration: In the promotion process of Qinghai tourist attractions, most of them are "single-handedly fighting" and rarely jointly promote. At the same time, in the face of the rich and scattered tourism resources in many parts of the province, all relevant parties lack the integration of these superior resources, and "packaged" tourism has not been served in Qinghai. Qinghai also urgently needs to find its own tourist boutique route.
Three. counter-measure
(1) Based on Qinghai's unique tourism resources, scientifically formulate the overall planning of the province's tourism development with certain operability and high quality. Do a good job in planning important tourist attractions. While doing a good job in scientific planning and rational development of tourism resources, selecting leading tourism development projects, grasping the key points and implementing them step by step, we should pay attention to and adhere to the plateau characteristics, try our best to maintain the original flavor and rely on the characteristics to produce Qinghai's fine products.
(2) Accelerate the construction of tourism infrastructure. Measures include:
① Accelerate the hardware construction of important tourist attractions.
② Vigorously strengthen the construction of tourism team and further improve the service level of tourism.
③ Carefully compile tourism publicity materials with Qinghai characteristics.
④ Strengthen the construction and protection of ecological environment in tourist attractions and take the road of sustainable development.
⑤ Strengthen tourism management. First of all, we should further establish and improve tourism management laws and regulations, and gradually manage tourism according to law. Seriously carry out inspection and supervision of the tourism market, vigorously rectify and standardize the tourism market, maintain orderly competition, and strengthen safety management; It is necessary to establish and improve the tourism quality supervision system and safeguard the order of the tourism market and the legitimate rights and interests of tourists. This is the key to the extraordinary and leap-forward development of Qinghai tourism.