The Iliad and Odyssey are ancient Greek epics written by Homer in the 8th century BC. The Iliad is about what happened on May1day in the last year of the war. Paris, the prince of Troy, kidnapped Helen, the wife of the Spartan king of Greece, which triggered a fierce battle between the two sides for 10 years, and the gods in heaven helped each other. In the tenth year, when Agamemnon, the commander-in-chief of Greece, and Achilles, the bravest leader of Arcaya tribe, had a dispute over female slaves, the epic began here. Achilles withdrew from the battle in a rage, which led to repeated battles and defeats of the Greek army. Hector, the Lord of Troy, took the opportunity to lead a large-scale attack and killed Patroclus, Achilles' friend, in the battle. Later, Odysseus designed and manufactured a big wooden horse, which contained Greek soldiers, lured the enemy to Troy and captured Troy from the inside out. Achilles abandoned personal enmity, returned to the battlefield and killed hector. The poem ends with Hector's funeral.

Odyssey tells the story of Odysseus, the general of the Greek allied forces and the king of Ithaca, who returned to China after the Trojan War. Because Poseidon was offended, his ship was caught in a storm and drifted at sea 10 years. After many hardships, he finally overcame all kinds of hardships with extraordinary intelligence and courage and returned to his hometown to reunite with his wife and children.

Homer's era is an era of advocating heroes. Achilles, the hero in Iliad, is brave and good at fighting, and he is the bravest general in the Greek Coalition forces. He scared hector, Troy's bravest hero, and turned and ran away, reminiscent of the image of Zhang Fei who flew Xiahou Jie with a roar and crashed into his horse. He dared to resist violence, was not afraid of authority, and publicly denounced Agamemnon's selfishness, similar to another hero of China, Li Kui jy, who cut down the banner of Xinghua in Liangshan and threatened to cut down Sung River with an axe. Not to mention how deeply oriental literature is influenced by Greek literature, but at least this heroic model has penetrated into China's heroic image.

Hector, another hero in the Iliad, is a typical collectivist hero. He has deep feelings for the country and a high sense of responsibility for the collective interests. He had a premonition that his city-state would fall and he would die on the battlefield, but for the sake of the life and death of the whole city and the interests of the whole tribe, he resolutely participated in the war until he died. If he were in China, he would be a patriotic general deeply influenced by Confucian culture. Yue Fei is like this, so is Qi Jiguang, especially Qiao Feng and Guo Jing written by Jin Yong. Achilles in the same work is the opposite. He is a typical individualistic hero. Although he takes evil as his enemy and is not afraid of power, he will give up the interests of the whole nation for a female prisoner and even indirectly kill his friends. He is also a ruthless god of war. He dragged hector's body behind the chariot to vent his anger and gave the bodies of many Trojan heroes to wild dogs and birds to enjoy. He sang a "rebellious drama" that was directly opposed to the traditional Confucian culture in China. However, in the eyes of the ancient Greeks, he was not the embodiment of the concept of great heroes. He has thoughts, feelings and complicated psychological activities. He is a vivid, concrete and true example of a great hero.

In the Odyssey, Homer created a resolute and witty image of a wise man-Odysseus. This is a Wei Xiaobao-style figure. With his flexible mind, ingenious tricks and excellent acting skills, he stabbed the cyclops, defeated the Selen bird and killed the aristocratic children who proposed to marry him. He has many thoughts and ideas, deceives people everywhere, never tells the truth, and his personal consciousness is obvious. I wonder if Mr. Jin Yong was full of this selfish guy when he created Wei Xiaobao? !

Although the two epics are called sisters, their narrative stories have their own emphases. The former focuses on the war between clans and is a history book; The latter seems to focus on the struggle between Greek heroes and nature, but it is actually a description of the remote areas of the known world at that time, and it is a geographical chronicle.

Many distant place names mentioned in the Odyssey may have long ceased to exist or may be fictional. Therefore, it is extremely difficult and perhaps futile to study where these places are today. Homer's familiar world is mainly confined to some places near the Aegean Sea, and his understanding of all places far away from the Aegean Sea is often very vague and magical. Therefore, the geographical knowledge in Homer's epic belongs to semi-myth, that is, the combination of truth and illusion, science and myth. I believe that geographers will have the pleasure of field research. The events described in Iliad took place in a small area of Troya, which may better represent Homer's real geographical knowledge, while Odyssey provided some geographical concepts about remote areas at that time for future generations.

Outline:

I don't know whether you want to write in Chinese or English.

Part I Introduction

1. The source of the idea

2. The significance of the research

Step 3 organize

The second part is literature review.

1. Related research by other scholars

2. Their learning problems

Part III Similarities and differences

1. Similarity

2. Difference

The fourth part is the findings and discussion.

The fifth part is the conclusion (referring to the limitations of the paper)