1. The influence of new media on college students
Through new media, college students can get news information at home and abroad, understand the world political and economic situation, pay attention to the principles and policies under the new situation, and shorten the distance between individuals and the world. New media has many angles to transmit information and comment. On the positive side, it is conducive to cultivating students' awareness of democracy and freedom and keeping pace with advanced culture ideologically; However, college students still have obvious psychological instability and immaturity and lack independent thinking. Young people have high morale and are easily assimilated by various ideologies and drift with the tide. Without timely guidance, college students will fall into confusion and misunderstanding. The openness and concealment of network media information dissemination have impacted their ideological positions and weakened their traditional cultural awareness and civilized moral awareness.
2. Cognition of online media literacy
The so-called network media literacy refers to the reasonable and correct use of the Internet by netizens on the premise of understanding the Internet, so that the network media can serve the all-round development of individuals. This ability includes the cognitive ability to the Internet, the ability to collect and sort out Internet information, the self-control ability to Internet contact behavior, and the network moral foundation and network security awareness that should be possessed. College students' network media literacy refers to their ability to develop reasonable, healthy, effective and innovative use of internet information for themselves on the premise of having basic knowledge of the network. Generally speaking, college students' network media literacy mainly includes six levels, namely, network media cognitive literacy, network media discrimination literacy, network media legal and moral literacy, network security awareness literacy, network behavior self-restraint literacy and network innovation and development literacy.
3. The status and composition of college students' online media literacy
At present, the media literacy education of college students in China is not obtained through scientific media theory and systematic training, but depends on empiricism, that is, on the basis of daily media contact experience, the so-called media literacy is formed through their own intuition. This media literacy is spontaneous and low-level. This unscientific media literacy can't help college students to make a rational and scientific evaluation of the content and form of media communication information, which makes the information obtained by spending a lot of energy unable to effectively serve themselves.
3. 1 The theoretical literacy of network media is low.
College students have not received systematic media literacy training, and they are less involved in media practice. They don't know how to generate information, how to choose information, how to spread information effectively, and what is the dissemination intention of information. College students use network media very frequently, but due to the lack of understanding of the characteristics and methodology of media communication, and the lack of basic media theory knowledge, their immunity to negative information on the network is weak, and the effect of information acceptance is poor.
3.2 Media ethics needs to be improved.
The level of media ethics mainly refers to whether college students can consciously abide by the national policies and regulations on intellectual property, press and publication, network management and other aspects when using online media, and whether they can consciously abide by media ethics. Because of its unique communication mode and characteristics, new media unconsciously has the function of detail supervision. Everyone's words and deeds have been infinitely magnified, and they have received all-round attention and harsh scrutiny from the society. The concealment and unprecedented freedom of online media make some netizens indulge their online behavior, spread false information at will, infringe on the privacy of others, and even lead to cyber crimes. There are many behaviors among college students, such as online language violence, uploading other people's private information, installing jailbreak software to log in to illegal websites, etc., which are against media ethics.
3.3 Self-management ability in the face of new media is weak.
At present, college students are confused about the use of the Internet. Most college students surf the Internet mainly for online games, watching movies, chatting aimlessly and entertaining themselves. Few students really use the Internet to get information and exchange effective information. Some college students have weak self-control ability to the network and indulge in online games, which delays the study of normal majors; Some students can't treat the love in the online virtual world correctly; Some students have no ability to resist and distinguish illegal websites and bad information spread on the Internet.
3.4 The ability to use new media information needs to be strengthened.
The information obtained by college students through the internet mainly focuses on entertainment information and current political news, while the information on professional skills and employment is relatively mechanical and low-level. Most college students just search for professional skills information to cope with the final paper, and just piece it together mechanically. Therefore, college students have not effectively improved their professional ability and comprehensive quality with the help of the Internet. The acquisition of news information is only superficial, lacking rational thinking and judgment, and the ability to use new media needs to be strengthened.
4. Ways to improve college students' online media literacy
With the development of the media, people's access to and exchange of information is more extensive, free and diversified. At the same time, the audience is also seriously troubled by the noise in communication activities. Therefore, in the current new media environment, facing the communication characteristics of online media, it is of great practical significance to guide college students to improve their ability to obtain, analyze, evaluate and disseminate all kinds of information through the network, so that online information can serve their own thoughts, study, work and life.
4. 1 Conduct systematic and professional media literacy education for students.
The so-called media literacy education means "guiding students to correctly understand and constructively enjoy mass media resources, and cultivating students' healthy media critical ability through this education, so as to make full use of media resources to improve themselves and participate in social development." In the early 1930s, British scholars advocated media literacy education for the first time, aiming at "opposing the popular cultural values in the media at that time and training young people to resist the low level of satisfaction provided by mass media." Media literacy education abroad has a history of several decades, but it has just emerged in China. In September, 2004, Shanghai Jiaotong University opened the course of media literacy education for the first time, which was the first in Chinese mainland universities. The school also published a monograph "Media Literacy of News Media". Besides students majoring in journalism and communication, there are many other majors. Cultivate college students' healthy media critical ability, use mass media resources constructively to improve their ability, and make college students become real "critical media users". Judging from the current situation of college students' media literacy in China, it is necessary for college students to receive professional media literacy education, and colleges and universities urgently need to carry out scientific and systematic media literacy courses. Chen Zeng pointed out in On Mass Media Literacy that a person's media literacy reflects "an interactive relationship between individuals and social communication mechanisms". "Media literacy education, as a kind of citizen quality education that should be popularized in modern media society, is a practical and effective strategy to start and promote in universities. Implementing media literacy education in colleges and universities conforms to the function of modern universities and the goal of promoting quality education in the country. As the main body of media literacy education in colleges and universities, the status quo of contemporary college students' media literacy is not optimistic, so it is more important to implement media literacy education for them. "College students' media literacy education is of great significance." By offering formal media literacy education courses, college students can systematically master scientific media theory and provide theoretical guidance for the transformation of media literacy from self to consciousness. "In addition, through media literacy education courses, students' ability to identify, disseminate, judge and use media information will be improved, so that college students can play the role of new media instead of becoming slaves to mass media or information.
4.2 Make full use of and constantly build an online media literacy education platform.
In the new media era, college students' learning ways and means are diverse. Media literacy education should not be limited to journalism and communication-related majors, but should be conducted for all college students, and teachers and students of journalism and communication majors should play a key role. "Under the background of the popularization of higher education, it should be the development direction of communication education and the main aspect of media literacy education for college students to let media literacy education transcend the limitations of professional education and become general education for all college students. In addition, relying on the traditional first class is far from meeting the requirements of media literacy education. Through campus media, newspapers, radio, websites, mobile phones and other media, we can effectively make full use of the new media that college students often use, carry out online media knowledge propaganda, competitions and other activities, set up a forum area for hot issues, actively guide students to participate in discussions, help them form a healthy way of thinking and a rational evaluation system, enhance their immunity to bad information on the Internet, and improve their media literacy in a subtle way.
4.3 Improve college students' media interaction and media production ability.
Unlike traditional media, which must undergo strict inspection when disseminating information, online media has great freedom and openness. In the face of online media, college students can really master the right to speak, and they also enjoy this sense of dominance. They are more likely to participate in media interaction and media production. For example, QQ space, WeChat, Weibo and so on. On the communication platform, netizens can speak freely and express their views anytime and anywhere. Interact freely through the forum, organize and initiate discussions, and even act as a moderator to manage others' speeches. In the process of network practice, college students will have a deeper understanding of media theory by actively interacting with media and participating in media production. The cognition of actual benefits will guide their network behavior to be more rational and effective.
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