People's Daily focuses on the idea of democratic revolution.
The People's Daily was founded at the moment when the national crisis in modern China intensified. At that time, the protagonist of running a newspaper was a politician, political newspapers were the mainstream, and political articles were the main content of newspapers. The important columns of People's Daily include essays, translations, chronicles, comments, talks, novels, contributions and so on. All 26 issues, plus Qiu Tian's supplement, contributed 284 articles and 36 articles by * * * Society. Among them, there are 93 papers, accounting for 29.05% of the total, 62 comments, accounting for 19.37%, translation series accounting for 3.3 1%, conversation series accounting for 7. 19%, and novels accounting for 7.5%. ③
1. Promote the "Three People's Principles"
The direct purpose of the publication of People's Daily is to publicize the Three People's Principles. In his preface, Sun Yat-sen pointed out: "It is close to practice to suppress the ideal of extraordinary innovation, inject people's hearts and turn it into common sense. I was born in People's Daily.
In People's Daily, most of the nationalist propaganda is "Paiman". In terms of civil rights propaganda, People's Daily advocated the civil rights revolution and put forward the bourgeois slogan of "freedom and equality". The preface written by Sun Yat-sen and his speech at the People's Daily festival show that he declared that the goal of civil rights is to overthrow the absolute monarchy and establish bourgeois democracy, which is what he often called "political revolution". In addition, Zhu Zhixin, Zhang Taiyan and Chen Tianhua also wrote articles about civil rights. In addition to Sun Yat-sen's articles, there are mainly Zhu Zhixin's articles on people's livelihood, such as social revolution and political revolution in parallel, talking about people's livelihood, state-owned land, finance and so on. People's livelihood propaganda mainly focuses on the discussion of "equal land rights"
The people's daily's propaganda of the "three people's principles" is "related to the future of the Chinese nation", and based on the political situation in the late Qing dynasty, it discusses how to save the country with the idea of democratic revolution. By propagating the Three People's Principles and holding high the revolutionary banner of "anti-Manchu", the revolutionaries quickly pushed the democratic revolution in the late Qing Dynasty to a climax. Newspaper media entered the social and political field of China to express their political opinions, which greatly improved the spread speed and scope of democratic revolutionary ideas, and laid the foundation for awakening people's democratic consciousness, opposing the corrupt rule of the Qing government and establishing a modern country.
2. Introduce, report and comment on the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement.
The background of People's Daily is the third national liberation struggle in Asia, and its purpose is to serve the revolution. Therefore, the bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement is also the focus of its propaganda. The first issue has a portrait of Rousseau, the world's number one civil rights advocate. Since then, several historical pictures describing the French Revolution have been published, such as the real scene of Louis XVI's guillotine, the Bastille crushed by the French people in 1789, and so on.
Russian revolution is going on 1905. Paying attention to the Russian revolution can provide China people with experience against the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. The People's Daily No.3 includes Song's Lu (Russia) Revolution in 1905, and other chronicle and commentary articles such as Russian Revolutionary Party Daily and the situation after Russian constitutionalism. The photo column also published a number of pictures related to the Russian revolution and translated A Journey to Siberia.
Because China and India are close neighbors, the two countries have the same fate of being colonized, and there are close cultural exchanges between China and India in history. With special feelings, People's Daily reported on India's struggle for national liberation from 13. People's Daily has 17 articles about India. In addition to our spontaneous manuscripts, we also translated a large number of Indian patriotic newspapers advocating anti-British articles.
The reports, introductions and comments on bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement are helpful to spread the basic theory of democratic revolutionary thought among the people, deepen their understanding of this thought and provide valuable experience for China's revolution.
The debate with Xinmin Cong Bao further spread the idea of democratic revolution.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, both reformists and revolutionaries took to the political stage with the desire of patriotism and survival, trying to find a way to make China strong and get rid of peril. Reformists should take the road of constitutional monarchy, while revolutionaries advocated violent overthrow of the autocratic rule of the Qing court. There are great differences between the two major parties in the purpose and mode of social change, which eventually leads to the opposition and fierce struggle between the two parties in the field of ideological propaganda. Therefore, People's Daily, the organ of the League, and Xinmin Cong Bao, the organ of the royalists, launched a big debate.
The debate between the two sides focuses on: whether to carry out the national revolution; Whether to carry out the civil rights revolution; Whether to implement "state-owned land" and "land sharing"; Will the revolution lead to the partition of China by imperialism?
The content of the debate between the two sides is the expression of the political opinions of the two parties. Through the newspaper, China people can see the political opinions of the two parties. During the war, society split into two factions, which supported constitutional monarchy and democracy and peace. During the period of 1906, the Qing government prepared for constitutionalism, which made people see the true face of constitutionalism and thus divided those who supported constitutional monarchy. Finally, the democratic and harmonious system defeated the constitutional monarchy, and the revolutionary trend grew rapidly. "If you decide on a river, you can't resist it." There has been an ideological trend of "being ashamed to talk about revolution" in society.
In its report, People's Daily also gave special treatment to the content of democratic revolutionary thought. In the catalogue, important works and columns will be quoted with big black dots, the titles will be in Song Style No.4, other columns and articles will be quoted with small triangles, and the titles will be in New No.5 .. Articles that attack the Qing court and strongly advocate the revolution in written war or combative words will also be arranged in two words, which will play a prominent role.
The People's Daily, formerly known as zhina in the 20th century, focuses on the Song Dynasty and the progressive young people studying in Japan in Hunan and Hubei provinces. At the League meeting, Huang Xing proposed to change the zhina of the 20th century into the organ newspaper of the League and rename it People's Daily, which implicitly reflected the revolutionary purpose of "three principles" of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood advocated by Sun Yat-sen.. The main editors and contributors of People's Daily are Chen Tianhua, Song, Wang Jingwei, Hu and Zhang Taiyan. Published on 1905,165438+1October to 1908, 65438+1October * * 24th. 19 10, the 25th and 26th were published secretly in Japan.
In the preface of the People's Daily published in the name of Sun Yat-sen, the "Three Principles" of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood were put forward publicly for the first time, and the goals, programs and ways of struggle of China bourgeois revolutionaries about the China revolution were comprehensively and systematically expounded. Among the articles published in the first issue, Zhu Zhixin's "On the Desire of the Manchu Government for Constitutionalism" and Chen Tianhua's "On the Adaptability of China to Establish a Democratic Regime" are more important. These articles are obviously aimed at the pseudo-constitutional dictatorship of the Qing court and the political opinions of the royalists such as Kang and Liang who oppose revolution and advocate constitutional monarchy.
In the third issue of People's Daily, there was an article "Six Principles of People's Daily", which clearly put forward the recent political goals and demands of the bourgeois democratic revolutionaries in China at home and abroad. Its six principles are: first, subvert the current bad government; Second, the construction of * * * and regime; Third, state-owned land; Fourth, maintain real peace in the world; 5. Advocating the union of Chinese and Japanese nationals; 6. Invite all countries in the world to support China's innovation. This will make Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles more concrete and operable.
The distinct political stance of People's Daily has aroused strong repercussions at home and abroad, and also aroused fierce opposition from political royalists headed by Kang and Liang, and a theoretical debate is inevitable. As far as the domestic political situation is concerned, the Qing court changed its political line after the coup of 1898, once again recognized the political line put forward by Emperor Guangxu, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others in the Reform Movement of 1898, and advocated the implementation of the so-called "New Deal" with reformism as the basic feature, which inevitably affected Kang and Liang's political attitude and made them feel that it would be a long time for the Qing court to "announce the implementation of the New Deal nationwide for fifteen years". Therefore, they naturally opposed the political proposition advocated by People's Daily to overthrow the Qing Dynasty by revolutionary means. As Kang Youwei said in his letter to Liang Qichao and others on September 29, Guangxu 33 rd year: "I have never worried about foreign annexation, but I am deeply afraid of internal chaos in the revolution. I think that if there were no civil strife in China, the puppet would be the overlord of the earth anyway. However, if there is infighting, then in any case, the heroes will also fight the death of India. One side will be a dispute between Huang and Bai, and it is indeed an unquestionable and unquestionable struggle within the wall. Constitutionalism and non-constitutionalism are secondary, and reform and non-reform are the real things. However, the spread in the mainland is booming. Although there are a few reforms in Japan, I am not at ease. " Based on this judgment, Kang, Liang and his disciples launched a series of fierce debates with the revolutionaries around some theoretical issues raised by the revolutionaries, centering on the People's Daily edited by Liang Qichao.