Xiaoming Hu
Liu (Hedong Jun) was a famous prostitute in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Recently, Sanlian Bookstore reprinted Mr. Chen Yinque's book Liu Biezhuan in 1950s and 1960s. This is indeed a book that has caused many controversies at home and abroad. Why did the great historian Chen Yinque make great efforts to write such a book in his later years? In the 1990s, with the study of Chen Yinque becoming a hot topic in the field of reading, many new viewpoints appeared on this issue. The specific statement is as follows:
Discrimination theory
In the monograph by Wong Young-tsu, a professor at Virginia State University, the author thinks that the title of the book was changed from Poems of Qian Liu to Liu Chuan because "Yin Ke sympathized with Qian Liu and didn't get historical justice, so he did not hesitate to spend a long time washing away his troubles." For Liu, it is more from sympathy to admiration. Not only praise his talent, but also serve his integrity. Literary historians wrote an article about Liu in 1982. He also thinks that this book belongs to the book of reversing the verdict of historical figures, but he thinks that Chen Yinque's false appraisal is not worth it. In his mind, after all, Liu is just a bohemian coquetry girl, the last social butterfly and so on. Her relationship with Chen Zilong is not based on love, but on the romantic life of celebrities and prostitutes; And she finally returned to Qian Muzhai, not because of love, but because of the consideration of economic and political status.
Self-entertainment theory
Wong Young-tsu clearly put forward the theory of self-error. He believes that "Yin Ke projected himself 300 years ago, just as the audience was assimilated by the people in the play, … and when he was fascinated, he often couldn't help it. Although Yin Ke's thought has a new side, he is emotionally attached to the old culture and society, and he has felt out of place since the May 4th Movement. The social and cultural changes in his later years are particularly striking. Only by sending affection to the ancients can he forget the pain of reality. There is no doubt that Qian Liu's poems can be enjoyed spiritually. " There is also a rational side to entertaining yourself. Wang said: "Liu Zhuan is a collection of achievements in brushwork in his life. I want to use this book to test the depth of scholarship and leave an example of its historical methods for future generations. " He also proved that after writing, Chen Yinque asked his assistant Huang Xuan to write an article summarizing how he did scientific research, which is the direct evidence of the parties' motivation to write this book. In Wang's view, Liu Zhuan has no significance in the history of academic thought, but is an accidental work full of personal special factors.
The history of the movement of regaining sight
Historians Wang Zhonghan, He Lingxiu and Wang Yongxing of Tang Shi hold this view. As far as I can see, He Lingxiu's Reading Liu's Biezhuan is the first monograph to systematically evaluate Biezhuan. He believes that "Chapter V" Restoration Movement "is actually the theme of this book" He Lingxiu commented: "In the past, people only knew a few or a few historical facts, personal thoughts and emotions against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of sight, and spontaneous resistance of individuals or a few people and other local activities. People also know about large-scale armed uprisings of different scales in various places, but they have no clear consciousness, and put forward the undercurrent of this long-term, extensive and organized rehabilitation and national resistance movement under the harsh rule of the Qing Dynasty. They don't know that this movement has been preparing for a rainy day. " Wang Yongxing said that although Hedong Jun insisted on participating in the movement of regaining sight, he failed, but Chen Yinque did not judge heroes by success or failure. Respect for the festival is the main expression of Liu Yisheng's ambition, and it is also the foundation of her foundation. On the basis of Chen Yinque, Wang Zhonghan continued to make textual research, supplemented materials and agreed with Chen Yinque's statement that Qian Liu changed from a romantic child to a patriotic hero.
Women praise the history of red makeup.
Cai Hongsheng, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, and Sun Kangyi, a professor at Yale University in the United States, hold this view. After all, Liu Zhuan has devoted a lot of space to a very detailed textual research on Liu's love history and life history. However, these textual researches should not be directly related to the retrocession movement. Then, why did Chen Yinque spend so much effort to distinguish the process of Hedong Jun's hard life, his choice of husband and his struggle for a happy marriage? Cai Hongsheng, Sun Kangyi and others suggested that the purpose of this book lies in Mr. Chen Yinque's concern about "red makeup" in his later years. Cai Hongsheng pays more attention to temperament. The so-called "soul of china is in tears", "Chivalry, talent and backbone can be said to be one in Liu" and "the combination of strange girl's ambition and the hearts of adherents" make this book an epic of women's history. Sun Kangyi's focus is to analyze this book from the background of the rise and maturity of female literature in China literature history in the16th century. In a word, Ode to the History of Women in Red Makeup contains the theory of "the Movement of Restoring Sight", which not only pays attention to the emotional world characterized by gender, but also attaches importance to the spiritual value and political and moral significance in the sense of women.
History of Intellectuals, Personality and Mentality
Chen Yinque's friend Wu Mi, professor Zhou Xunchu of Nanjing University and professor Jiang Boqin of Sun Yat-sen University all hold this view. 196 1 year, Wu Mi went to Guangzhou to meet his old friend Chen Yinque and talked about the writing of Liu Biezhuan. Wu Mi recorded in his diary that he elaborated on his research outline on Liu. Liu Yu's love and marriage with herdsmen are always inseparable from his national integrity and retro activities. He is not only knowledgeable, but also able to overwhelm his contemporaries. In a word, Yin Ke's research on the life experience and works of "Red Makeup" reveals the real situation of politics (Yi Xia) and morality (moral integrity) at that time, which has profound implications. It is by no means a leisurely and interesting action. Because of the oral nature of this passage, it became an authoritative statement widely quoted by commentators after it was disclosed by Wu Mi, Chen Yinque and others. The core of this meaning is the choice of the basic fate of culture and morality at the turn of the century. Zhou Xunchu said: "Biezhuan is actually an epic that reflects the dynamics of intellectuals in the late Ming Dynasty." According to the attitude of these scholars around Liu towards the fate of the country, Mr. Wang praised or belittled them, which played the role of "belittling snobbery and respecting integrity"
History of cultural pains in Ming and Qing dynasties
Professor China Academy of Fine Arts has published a series of papers about Chen in recent years. Regarding Liu's biographies, on the basis of various theories, he clearly put forward a new theory of "the history of cultural pain in Ming and Qing Dynasties". The content involves the economy, politics, military, party organization, religion, art, literature and other aspects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the historical events are extremely complicated. Chen Yinque used biographies, arguments, narratives, evidence and other methods to integrate historical talents, poems and arguments, and to integrate the sad feelings of the rise and fall of his home country into the whole article. The author's more brilliant academic goal is to correct history through instant biography. To be precise and broad, it should be written in blood and tears, that is, writing a history of cultural pains in Ming and Qing dynasties with a brand-new style.
Overseas Edition of People's Daily (7th Edition, April 9, 2006, 5438+0)