Thesis abstracts are divided into Chinese abstracts and foreign abstracts (usually English). In terms of space limitation, Chinese abstracts usually do not exceed 300 words, English abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words, and Chinese and English abstracts should be consistent.

The basic norms of.

(1) should be written in the third person. Abstract is a complete essay, which is independent and can be used alone. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and viewpoints, the purpose of the paper, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research.

(2) The narrative is complete, the logic is highlighted, and the structure of the essay is reasonable.

(3) the text should be concise and to the point, and redundant words are not allowed. We should adopt the method of direct expression, without unnecessary literary embellishment, and provide the most information with the least number of words.

(4) Special characters, charts and mathematical expressions composed of special characters are not used in the abstract, and examples cannot be cited.

3. The content of the abstract consists of four elements: purpose, method, object and conclusion.

(1) Objective: The scope, purpose and importance of graduation thesis research.

(2) Methods: What research methods were used in the graduation thesis?

(3) Results: State the research results of graduation thesis.

(4) Conclusion: The important conclusions and main viewpoints obtained through the study of the problem (omitted.