First, let the lesson plan become a "learning plan"
Teaching plan is the product of teaching philosophy based on teaching. The main characteristics of teaching plan are that teachers know teaching activities, design teaching process and choose teaching methods from the perspective of teaching. Therefore, the biggest drawback of lesson plans is that teachers regard students as the objects and containers of knowledge, and do not care about students' subjectivity and initiative at all, and do not care about students' learning aspirations, turning the teaching process into a pure "teaching" process. Taking Chinese class as an example, the typical teaching method is the "five-paragraph" teaching method popular in previous years: author's brief introduction-new words-paragraph general idea-central idea-writing characteristics.
"Learning plan" is something born under the condition that the teaching concept of student-oriented learning is gradually rooted in the hearts of the people. Its main features are five:
1. Pay attention to the preparation of learning objectives. From the teaching point of view, the teaching plan focuses on the compilation of teaching objectives, while the learning plan focuses on the compilation of learning objectives from the perspective of students' learning; The teaching objectives in the lesson plan are based on teachers' teaching, focusing on memory, and the related expressions are vague and difficult to operate, while the learning objectives in the lesson plan are based on students' learning, focusing on the changes of students' learning behavior, and the related expressions are clear, easy to operate and easy to assess; Teaching plans focus on the church, while learning plans focus on learning.
2. Pay attention to the preparation of students' cognitive state. The cognitive state mentioned here includes cognitive structure and cognitive attitude. From the perspective of students' learning, the learning plan attaches great importance to the preparation of students' cognitive state. In the case author's view, before organizing students to learn new knowledge, if students' existing cognitive state is not clear, the learning process will lack a strong starting point and the learning effect will be greatly reduced. Guiding students to learn Only by understanding students' existing cognitive state can teachers take targeted measures in the process of organizing students' learning, so as to better improve students' learning efficiency.
3. Pay attention to the preparation of learning methods and learning strategies. What methods are needed to learn new things, and how to choose and control these methods according to the situation at that time are the most remarkable characteristics that distinguish learning plans from teaching plans. In the author's view, only by paying attention to the preparation of learning methods and learning strategies can students learn, learn and be good at learning, and their learning ability can be formed.
4. Pay attention to the preparation of thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability. The study plan focuses on the requirements of modern society for human ability, and attaches great importance to the preparation of students' thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability. This is another remarkable feature that learning plans are different from teaching plans.
5. Pay attention to the preparation of evaluation methods. Because the learning plan is to think from the perspective of students' learning, it attaches great importance to the compilation of the evaluation of students' learning methods, learning processes and learning effects. In the view of lesson plan writers, proper evaluation is very important for students to master learning strategies, form learning ability and improve learning quality, which is also difficult to see in lesson plans.
Second, let the classroom become a "school"
Under the rule of teaching-oriented teaching concept, teachers are the protagonists in the classroom. In class, the teacher talks or talks nonstop, and the students are the audience and the audience. Students only need to remember or listen to what the teacher teaches. Now, if we want to implement the concept of learning-based teaching, we must turn this "lecture hall" with teachers as the main part into a "school" with students as the main part.
In a "school", everything in a "lecture hall" should be reversed again: students are the main body, protagonist and core of the school, and teachers are the organizers, helpers, instructors and promoters who guide the main body to learn. Teachers and all measures taken by teachers must serve the subject's learning, improve the subject's learning quality and serve the subject's active development. In the actual classroom teaching, teachers should not only give full play to the role of "school", but also pay attention to the following points:
1. Pay attention to the cultivation of students' interest, will and good study habits. In school, although learning is students' own business, teachers, as pioneers of learning, have accumulated much more learning experience, learning will and learning habits than students. Therefore, in the process of guiding students' learning, teachers should consciously and systematically impart this experience to students. Doing so can not only help students to learn less detours, but also help students to form autonomous learning ability as soon as possible in the long run.
2. Consciously and systematically infiltrating the guidance of learning strategies is the key element to ensure that students learn something.
3. To guide students to pay attention to thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability, deliberately temper and take it seriously.
Teachers should play the role of organizers. Students learn by themselves, and exchange students should not only work hard in the above aspects, but also play the role of organizers. If the teacher is not organized, or is not good at organizing, students' learning will appear: either letting themselves drift, falling apart, or shutting themselves out, lacking cooperative spirit and behavior. Obviously, such a "school" is not what we want to build.
Third, turn homework into "learning"
The same homework, different teaching ideas, the homework designed and assigned to students will be very different, sometimes even very different. From the teaching point of view, the homework assigned by the teacher to the students is only the reappearance of what the teacher chewed and fed to the students in class. Obviously, this kind of homework is a low-level homework to consolidate memory.
From the perspective of students' learning, teachers must focus on the formation, development and improvement of students' Chinese learning ability, inquiry ability and Chinese literacy. Compared with the circular homework mentioned above, we call this kind of homework creative homework.
This kind of homework focuses not only on students' memory ability, but also on their creativity, hands-on ability and problem-solving ability. For example, a teacher gave his students such an assignment after teaching Mr. Lu Xun's Taking Doctrine. He asked the students to collect sentences using irony in junior high school Lu Xun's articles, and then wrote an argumentative essay entitled "The Outstanding Features of Lu Xun's Irony-The Application of Irony".
We don't care whether this view is accurate or not, nor whether the students can accurately reveal the uniqueness of Mr. Lu Xun's use of irony. As far as the homework itself is concerned, it is creative, practical and exploratory. For students, doing such homework is undoubtedly a good exercise. What is the training value of repetitive homework that only focuses on memory ability?