Since the reform and opening up, the engineering scale of China's construction industry has been greatly improved, and the corresponding technical requirements and difficulties have become more and more serious. The complexity and uncertainty of the project make the project cost management more and more important. However, in the traditional mode, it is difficult to manage the project cost accurately and effectively. The emergence of BIM technology can solve this problem well. As far as the current situation is concerned, BIM technology has been widely used in the construction industry and achieved certain results. However, there are still some inevitable problems in practical application, which need more attention from relevant personnel and continuous improvement in practical application. Only in this way can we give full play to the role of BIM technology and further improve the level of project cost management.
Characteristics and function analysis of 1BIM technology
Technical characteristics analysis of 1. 1 BIM. BIM technology is mainly based on information digitization technology and computer technology, and then the graphic design drawings are displayed through three-dimensional modeling. This can clearly reflect all aspects of the project, whether it is construction acceptance or decision-making design, which is carried out in this state, which also provides great convenience for all parties to communicate. For example, in a construction project, due to the different work and majors of the participants, conflicts are likely to occur, which will eventually affect the construction progress of the whole project. Through BIM technology, effective communication between all parties can be well realized and the overall management level can be improved.
1.2 functions of BIM technology. The first is the simulation function, which can simulate all parts of the building model in advance, especially some error-prone links. [1] Because this is a computer technology simulation construction, it can be revised at any time even if there are mistakes, and the practice can be carried out after making sure there are no problems, which can effectively reduce the error rate. In addition, this function can also simulate the escape path in the process of designing a safe passage, so as to design the most suitable and reasonable passage; Then there is the information function. BIM technology runs through the whole process of project cost management and can fully reflect all the information of the project. At the same time, information is also closely related. If one side changes, other aspects of the model will also change. For example, when the dimensions of beams and columns are adjusted, the corresponding decoration and foundation components will also change. In the actual construction process, some unpredictable changes often occur, and the information function of BIM technology can deal with these changes well, and can also avoid the occurrence of inconsistent information.
2. The main problems in project cost management
2. 1 There is no uniform standard, and the management concept is very backward. The current project cost quota model in China is changing to the bill of quantities model. With the rapid development of science and technology, various new technologies and materials are gradually applied to construction projects, which requires reasonable quota conversion. However, the mode of quota conversion will lead to the deviation between the compilation of project cost and the actual situation, thus promoting the transformation of quota conversion mode. Then, under the planned economy system, many cost managers in China have become accustomed to applying the fixed price management model. Construction enterprises cannot effectively combine the internal technical consumption and management consumption with the market price, and it is difficult to quote an accurate quotation that meets the market demand and their own actual situation.
2.2 Project cost management information is relatively backward, and each link is not closely linked. Many fixed unit prices were determined on the basis of price statistics a few years ago. Although the cost management departments in all parts of China will regularly release some compensation differences and adjustment factors to achieve a reasonable price level, the application and development of the current cost management system is still not mature enough to be effectively improved, so it is impossible to provide the required information for cost managers in time. [3] For example, in the construction industry, the quantification degree of management structure, data informatization and other projects is very low, which is why the data of completed projects in many construction projects have not been scientifically analyzed, counted and collected, which eventually leads to information waste. As far as China's current investment management is concerned, many of them adopt a phased management model, that is to say, there is a lack of coordinated and unified cost objectives and effective communication between units. In addition, project supervision units are generally limited to the management of construction progress and quality, and rarely involve the analysis of project investment decisions. However, in engineering design units, due to the lack of reasonable design cost indicators, they are very conservative in actual design, which in turn increases investment.
2.3 Defects of the current pricing model. Project cost management uses scientific preventive measures and means, rationally allocates financial resources, manpower and material resources, and finally maximizes the project value with limited funds. For the project cost, the three most important factors are cost, quantity and price, so it must be controlled reasonably. However, under the current cost model, some information can only be obtained after settlement, and accurate data can't be obtained in advance, which makes it difficult for the construction party to effectively control the cost and finally wastes a lot of manpower and material resources.
2.4 * * * lack of enjoyment. The characteristics of software companies vary greatly, but there is no unified control and measurement standard in China for the time being. However, the calculation of engineering quantity will lead to different degrees of differences, which will make the data between softwares unable to be cross-transmitted and seriously affect the information flow. And the cost is directly attached to it, so the accuracy of the cost will definitely be affected to a certain extent. Then, the data enjoyment of construction participants is low, and the continuity is still very poor. Because engineering design and construction belong to different departments and units, it is difficult to share some data in real time, and it is also difficult for all data owners to cooperate and communicate effectively, which ultimately affects the coordination and cooperation efficiency of the project and causes a lot of waste of resources.
2.5 The cost information is not accurate enough, and the analysis of capital investment in each stage is also very lacking. The calculation of engineering quantity is very complicated, different participants have different knowledge and understanding of cost, and the data calculated by different cost engineers will be different, which will eventually lead to inaccurate cost information. Then the construction is a comprehensive and dynamic process, and it is difficult for the current model to accurately calculate the investment by stages, which is also a serious obstacle to the effective management. In addition, it is difficult to give full play to the time value of investment funds.
3BIM technology in the project cost management application analysis
As far as the current situation is concerned, project cost management has shown a form of comprehensive control, and it is difficult to effectively control risks and costs, while the traditional project cost management model is obviously difficult to effectively meet the requirements of all aspects. The emergence of BIM technology has greatly alleviated this problem. The application of BIM technology in foreign countries is earlier than that in China, so its application experience will be more abundant. The earliest cities in China that applied BIM technology to project cost management were only a few big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing.
3. Analysis of the application of1BIM technology in engineering investment. Before the project construction, relevant personnel can intuitively simulate the actual engineering quantity through the simulation and practicality characteristics of BIM technology, and then combine the simulated engineering quantity with the project unit cost to calculate the investment budget of the whole project, which provides strong data support for the project investment decision. BIM technology can integrate the contents of design drawings into the database for future inspection, design and construction. In addition, we can also check the drawings through the inspection function and visual simulation function of BIM technology, so as to better reduce the mistakes in the actual construction process and avoid the cost exceeding the budget.
3.2BIM technology in the process of engineering construction application analysis. Under normal circumstances, the construction period of a project is relatively long, and during this relatively long period, due to the influence of various external factors, many uncertain factors have emerged in the project, and the existence of this problem has seriously affected the project cost management model. Engineering construction is a dynamic process, and the design scope of cost management is relatively wide, such as materials, machinery and personnel. If the BIM technology is reasonably applied, relevant personnel can directly retrieve and analyze the unified engineering historical data through the BIM database, and then scientifically and accurately analyze the projects under construction on this basis, and finally realize the standardized management of the project cost. BIM technology can also reduce the workload of auditors through its own virtual collision checking function, so that they can find problems in engineering drawings more timely and effectively reduce the probability of change and rework. Even if rework changes occur, the project cost can be adjusted in time through BIM technology.
3.3 Application analysis of BIM technology in the process of project completion. BIM technology plays an extremely important role in all stages of the project, mainly because all the data generated by the application of BIM technology in these stages are stored in the BIM database, and these information advantages are transparent and open to all participants, so the disputes between the builders and constructors can be reduced to some extent after the project is completed.
Analysis of the Influence of the Popularization of 4BIM Technology on Project Cost Management
4. Impact of1on cost control. The application of BIM technology has brought cognitive and technical upgrading challenges to the field of engineering cost, which will completely change all kinds of behavior patterns of engineering cost, truly realize refined cost management, and inject new vitality into the construction industry. Several effects of CIFE in Stanford University in the United States, combined with the summary of several projects and the application of BIM technology: (1) eliminating 40% off-budget changes; (2) Shorten the construction period and estimate the cost; (3) Reduce the contract price by finding and solving problems.
4.2 Realize the transparency and enjoyment of engineering information. A complete BIM model contains all the information needed for engineering production, which is what we call a database. BIM database can provide detailed information for the construction of each stage of the project, which can also be used as the basis of cost, and can realize real-time sharing and synchronization between departments, which also improves the transparency of information, effectively reduces the disputes between parties on the quantities, and can also solve the problem that construction units conceal the quantities. In the end, all participants can get a unified value.
4.3 The rapidity and convenience of obtaining accurate quantity. The engineering quantity can be directly read from the BIM model, which can avoid the tedious work of cost engineers, but this work has not disappeared directly, but has become the task of designers. In the initial stage of modeling, the designer must define the properties of the added component to fully display its specifications and materials. Then when the modeling work is completed, the quantity will be generated naturally. Although the calculation task of the cost engineer is cancelled, the focus of his work is not enough to shift to the work that requires higher cost control, which not only helps the cost engineer to grasp the project control more carefully, but also helps him to deepen his research and understanding of the project cost control method.
4.4 Comprehensive cost control. Establishing a unified information model can ensure that all participants are on the same platform, and all participants can also put forward suggestions and methods related to cost control from their own perspectives, thus raising cost control to a higher level. In addition, it can effectively resolve the contradictions between related majors, summarize all kinds of problems encountered in the construction process in real time, and take reasonable and effective measures to solve them. The application of BIM technology can turn the participants into a whole, so as to better manage the project and make full use of resources.
5 conclusion
To sum up, project cost management is very important, but there are some shortcomings in many projects in China, which make the cost far exceed the budget and easily lead to waste and shortage of funds. BIM technology has the advantages of optimization, visualization and simulation, and its reasonable application in project cost management is remarkable, which can not only greatly reduce costs, but also effectively improve the level of project cost management. From an objective point of view, BIM and cost complement each other. BIM technology has a comprehensive impact on project cost management, and there are still many values and potentials that have not been fully tapped, which need further exploration and excavation by relevant personnel. Generally speaking, BIM technology has many advantages in project cost management and is worth popularizing and applying.
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