A Dream of Red Mansions: On A Dream of Red Mansions
A Dream of Red Mansions is an eternal legend, which has been widely circulated since its publication, and scholars and even ordinary readers have a strong interest in it. Commenting and commenting on red is always fashionable. Have you made a learning with novels? Redology? . This paper comprehensively summarizes the main schools of Redology, and analyzes the fallacies of Suoyin School and Textual Research School. It is clearly pointed out that A Dream of Red Mansions is a great literary work, not a biography or a history. As a literary work, the focus of research is on the work itself, its ideological and cultural connotation and artistic achievements, rather than exploration, speculation or meaningless textual research.
Keywords: A Dream of Red Mansions; Suoyin; Textual research; Ideological connotation; achievements of art
As soon as A Dream of Red Mansions came out, it aroused great interest of scholars, and it became popular to study and comment on it. Criticism is the earliest form of studying A Dream of Red Mansions, with many critics and different interests. Among them, the most important and mysterious is Zhi Yanzhai, whose comments have become a part of A Dream of Red Mansions and are indispensable and extremely important materials for the study of A Dream of Red Mansions. During Guangxu period, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions became a prominent school. With the wide spread of A Dream of Red Mansions, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions is developing day by day. ? Nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty inspired the prosperity of Suoyin's Dream of Red Mansions, and the national spirit and scientific spirit of the May 4th New Culture Movement inspired the birth of the new Dream of Red Mansions. Personally involved in and led the 1954 criticism movement, which made the prominent position of A Dream of Red Mansions reach an unprecedented prominent state. Since then, scholars, writers, artists, students and even ordinary readers have regarded commenting on red as a fashion? .
1 redology schools in the study of A Dream of Red Mansions
The novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" has achieved a science, namely? Redology? . Researchers study A Dream of Red Mansions from different angles, resulting in different schools of redology:
1. 1 Suoyin School
1. 1. 1 The story of Dong E-fei in Shunzhi. Wang He and Shen Ping's A Dream of Red Mansions is about a Dream of Red Mansions? It's all for the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty and Dong E Fei, as well as the daughters of the famous Wang Qi at that time? . It is also said that Princess Dong is a famous prostitute in Qinhuai, Dong Xiaowan, and the beloved concubine of a celebrity who ventured across the border in the late Ming Dynasty. Later, the Qing soldiers plundered the south and sent her to Beijing. She was favored by the Qing ancestors and was named the imperial concubine. Later, when Dong Fei died, Qing Saizu was very sad and ran to Wutai Mountain to become a monk. She thought Baoyu was the emperor shunzhi, the ancestor of Qing Dynasty, and Daiyu was Dong Xiaowan.
1. 1.2 nationalist novels, reflecting the political situation in the Kangxi dynasty. Cai Yuanpei's Story of the Stone holds that the author of the Story of the Stone is also a political novelist in the Kangxi Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty. The author is very nationalist. The skill in the book is to reveal the loss of the Ming Dynasty, especially for those honest Han celebrities. At that time, they were worried about touching the net and wanted to create something new, which separated readers several layers. Look over the ridge to a mountain peak? Situation. ? Some people think that Jia Baoyu is Yin Wan, the deposed Prince of Kangxi Emperor, and Twelve Chains of Jinling are celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty. In the book? Red? How many words are there? Zhu? Word,? Jia? The word is rejecting the puppet dynasty.
1. 1.3 historical novels, reflecting the theory of Emperor Kangxi's struggle for storage. Shou Pengfei's Dream of Red Mansions holds that the book Dream of Red Mansions is not so much a political novel as a historical novel, as well as an accurate secret history of the court during the Kangxi period. The cover is hidden in the book, and it is clear that Emperor Kangxi is fighting for things and only cares about the palace, so he is vague.
1. 1.4 pearl family theory. Moon Hee of Lang Qian by Chen Kangqi and A Dream of Red Mansions by Qian think that A Dream of Red Mansions is a book that records the family affairs of Pearl, and that Baoyu is Nalan Chengde, the son of Pearl, the prime minister of Kangxi Dynasty, and twelve women in Jinling are regarded as guests by Nalan's guards.
1. 1.5 Hou Shi's family theory. Zhou Chun's Essay on a Dream of Red Mansions holds that it is said that this book was written for Nalan Taifu, but a closer look reveals that it is not Nalan, but also involves Zhang Hou's family affairs in Jinling. When I was young, I saw a brief introduction about knighthood. There is first-class money in Jiangning. He is from Shangyuan and lives in Jiazi, Guihai. He listened to his elders talking about Zhang Hou's family affairs, which was generally consistent with this book. Later, he took books such as Exposed Book Pavilion Collection, Occasionally Talking about Red Equipment, Tongzhi of Jiangning, Poem on Garden and Zhang Houxing's Book as evidence. ?
1.2 Textual research school: autobiography of Cao Xueqin. Hu Shi's textual research on A Dream of Red Mansions says that A Dream of Red Mansions records Cao Xueqin's autobiography, Jia Zheng is Cao Fu and Baoyu is Cao Xueqin. Qin Xue's life is very consistent with the story of the whole book. The author himself said so at the beginning of the volume. Because I have experienced some dreams, I hid the truth and wrote this book "Stone" with psychic theory. ? Another cloud:? Today, I am dusty and accomplished nothing, and suddenly I think of all the women that day. In this case, I want to make up an episode about the crime that I have accomplished nothing today and been poor for half my life, about my unwillingness to be fat, and about my debt to my father and brother's education and the virtue of teacher and friend's discipline. ? It is argued that Jia Baoyu is the epitome of Cao Xueqin, and the deeds in the book are to remember the prosperity of his life. Yu Pingbo, Zhou and Gu Jiegang.
1.3 Neo-Suoyin School: After The Dream of Red Mansions ended, the study of Dream of Red Mansions entered a new historical period. A Dream of Red Mansions in this period also showed the characteristics of marketization, popularization, popularization and consumption, and various old and new schools appeared one after another, among which Suoyin Dream of Red Mansions caused the biggest sensation in society from time to time. The representatives of Neo-Confucianism are Huo Guoling and Liu. The combination of Suoyin Redology and Cao became the new trend of Suoyin Redology in this period.
1.3. 1 the story of Yongzheng, Cao Xueqin and Joo Sang wook. Huo Guoling's Dream of Red Mansions tells the story between Yongzheng, Cao Xueqin and Xiang Yu: In the Kangxi Dynasty, Cao Xueqin's family captured Jiangning Weaving Station for three generations and enjoyed all the splendor. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he not only ended Cao's rich position, but also copied Cao's family in the sixth year of Yongzheng, chose one in the eighth year of Yongzheng, and fell in love with Cao Xueqin. In order to protest against this * * *, Cao and Zhu teamed up to poison Yongzheng, and finally Xiang Yu died of double suicide.
1.3.2 Cao Xueqin's family participated in the struggle for imperial power. Liu reveals A Dream of Red Mansions? Skill? It is the story of Cao Xueqin's family's participation in the struggle for imperial power in three generations of courts: The prototype of Qin Keqing's life in A Dream of Red Mansions is the daughter of two deposed princes Yin Yong in Kangxi Dynasty. Cao Jia has a close relationship with Yin Yong. For the sake of potential political capital, the daughter of the abandoned prince Yin Yong was smuggled out of the country, the Cao family was hidden, and her life experience was concealed. Cao Jia was chosen as the princess's daughter, that is, Yuan Chun in the book. In order to protect the family and her position, she reported this to the emperor? Qin Keqing? The story of life is a secret, so the abandoned prince's daughter had to hang herself. Later, Cao Jia participated in the assassination of Ganlong? Hongzhi's inverse case? Lost something, princess? Jia Yuanchun? Being strangled, the Cao family suffered a devastating blow.
In addition to the above-mentioned schools of redology, there are also researchers who use western philosophy and literary theory to study the ideology, artistry, theme, character and language of A Dream of Red Mansions, such as Wang Guowei's Review of A Dream of Red Mansions, Li's Study of A Dream of Red Mansions, and Wang Kunlun's On the Characters of A Dream of Red Mansions.
On the Study of A Dream of Red Mansions
Suoyin School is the main school in the early study of A Dream of Red Mansions, but they don't pay attention to scientific logic and respect objective facts and materials. They can cut and combine facts and materials at will to meet their subjective needs and even prove their subjective guesses. They try to conceive a relationship between people and events by testing words and guessing riddles. As Mr Liu Mengxi said, who is the indexer? Begins with speculation, ends with speculation, is passed down from generation to generation, and lacks argumentation? . Mr. Hu Shi thinks that Suoyin Redology belongs to? Redology Association? What is his seclusion work? Guess a stupid riddle? . Mr. Wang Kunlun said? The index school of A Dream of Red Mansions does not explain the author's creative thinking and the true meaning of the characters' stories from the content of the works, but insists on using the names, stories and words in the book to prove that he alluded to some individual facts in the political history of the early Qing Dynasty, or had a good motive, trying to explain that the author opposed the rule of China by the Manchu Dynasty with national thoughts. Although this has a certain degree of political significance, it arbitrarily distorts the author's own writing purpose and obliterates the art of her society. ?
There is no essential difference between the textual research school represented by Mr. Hu Shi and the textual research school. Both of them think that historical events are hidden or truthfully recorded in the works of A Dream of Red Mansions, in an attempt to restore historical skills from the works, but the Sophists put forward the so-called? Pearl family said? ,? What is the story of Dong E Fei in Shunzhi? , and Hu Shi put forward? Cao Xueqin said family affairs? That's all. Mr. Huang Naiqiu believes that Jun Hu's textual research on A Dream of Red Mansions is limited to the author and the book, and it is not allowed to attach the plot in the book to historical events. However, although Hu Jun took this method as a mirror, his own textual research did not show the scope of this mystery, such as Cao Xueqin, Jia Zhen's Erbao, Cao Jia Er Zhai, Cao Jia Er Zhai and so on. Does it attach irrelevant fragmentary historical events to the plot of A Dream of Red Mansions? And researches, just pot calling the kettle black.
What literary creation requires is not a simple life record, not a simple life truth, but an artistic truth, and artistic truth is not equal to life truth. As Comrade Mao Zedong said, the truth of art is the product of a writer's understanding and summing up his life. Literary works, as ideology, are the products of certain social life reflected in people's minds. ? It is the result of the writer's selection, processing and refining of the truth of life, the truth of life essence and the truth of life reflected by artistic images, so literary works are higher than ordinary real life, which stems from life and is higher than life. Mr. Li also said:? As far as the convention of creators is concerned, their works are by no means copies of actual things. ?
In the process of literary creation, a writer wants to create a typical character or arrange a set of stories, and does not stick to the truth of life. He doesn't have to copy it just based on a model or a real event. He needs to observe many similar characters and stories. At first, he may have observed a model or an event, but over time, when he observed and thought much more, he would forget the original real model or event and only condense into a common typical person or event. Therefore, for the typical characters and stories of a great work, it is impossible to find out who the model is and what the story is, even if the author himself is afraid it is difficult to point out conclusively. Gorky once said:? The writer describes the businessmen, officials or workers he is familiar with. If a writer comes up with the most idiosyncratic class characteristics, habits, interests, actions, beliefs, speeches and so on. From 20 to 50, no, from hundreds of businessmen, officials or workers, and they can be unified into one businessman, official or worker, then this writer will be shaped into a typical one by this method. ? Mr. Lu Xun once said: I have seen or heard a little of what I have written, but I will never use all these facts, just take one end and transform or expand it until I can almost fully express my meaning. The models of the characters are all the same, and there is no special one. Often, the mouth is in Zhejiang, the face is in Beijing, and the clothes are in Shanxi. It is a patchwork role. ? Like this, how can you ask Mr. Lu Xun to point out him truthfully? Ah q? Or? Kong Yiji? Who is the model? Before Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, he must have observed and studied many real characters, such as Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai, Wang Xifeng, and so on, to produce his imaginary characters, so it is futile for you to point out who their life prototype is now.
A dream of red mansions, novels also. He is just a novel composed of many materials, not a biography of a family. Jia Baoyu is a typical figure among many aristocratic children. He represents a smart and gentle noble son, who is not keen on fame and fortune, is greedy for happiness and is loved by his grandmother. There are Nalan Rong Ruo, the son of Xiao Shenyang, Yubao, others we don't know, and some are Cao Xueqin himself. The purpose of this great human novel is only to pin the author's own negative indignation and fantasy dreams. He is a novel, a novel organized by various materials and imagination, not a biography or history. So Li Yu said:? Anyone who reads the legend must test where it comes from and where it lives, and say that he is an idiot, so he can not answer. ?
Many researchers point out that? A dream of red mansions is just a novel? ,? A dream of red mansions started as a novel? Call for a return to the literary value of A Dream of Red Mansions, the study of its position in China's literature and culture, the artistic analysis of its works and reading it as a novel. Mr. Qi Gong said: I think it is better to read A Dream of Red Mansions itself and appreciate its rich contents than to hype this meaningless discovery. ? It is putting the cart before the horse to study Cao Xue, typology, lost literature, lipology and who is alluded to in Tibetan. Without the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, what's the point of learning other novels? Studying Cao Xueqin and the version of A Dream of Red Mansions is helpful to the understanding of the works, but not knowing Cao Xueqin and his family history will not affect the success of A Dream of Red Mansions. His position in the history of literature is determined by the achievements of his works. As for Suoyin's self-legend, Dong Xiaowan's Shunzhi story and so on. This has deviated from the study of novels, which has no practical significance at all and has no effect on the study of novels. If you want to study a work in this way, then? Ah q? Should we also study who is alluding to? The Monkey King? Who are you insinuating? Mr. Wu believes that we read this book because we appreciate the beauty of art, and the beauty of this book lies not in the historical events of intrigue and innuendo, but in making this person, that is, this matter, reasonable and reasonable, which is a profound expression. Therefore, reading this book, as long as you appreciate it in its essence, you will get its essence, and you don't have to work hard for it. ?
Of course, in order to meet the public's entertainment demand for classical literature, as a kind of entertainment, just like listening to stories, this kind of seclusion is also acceptable, such as Mr. Liu's Revealing a Dream of Red Mansions. But it's just entertainment, like? Are you kidding? Nor is it academic research, which has deviated from the scope of academic research.
3 Conclusion
A Dream of Red Mansions is first and foremost a great literary work. Its greatness lies in its profound and rich ideological and cultural connotation, distinctive characters, complex structure, realistic techniques and personalized language. As a literary work, the study of A Dream of Red Mansions should focus on the work itself, its ideological significance, artistic achievements, language, structure, characterization and cultural connotation. As Mr. Huang Naiqiu said: When reading A Dream of Red Mansions in the former residence today, we must first understand the life truth it expresses, such as loving the prosperous dream and the liberation of being born. Second, we should appreciate the dreamland he created, such as perfect layout, unique characters, wonderful settings and exquisite dialogue. It's not about doing this, it's about textual research. It is futile to play with things and benefit others. ? Mr. Feng Qiyong also clearly pointed out:? Think of A Dream of Red Mansions as a literary novel with rich thoughts and social connotations, instead of treating it as? Secret history of Qing palace? Or? A complete riddle? Literature is literature. ?
refer to
[1] Lu Qixiang, Lin Donghai. Compilation of precious materials on the study of a dream of red mansions. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 2002.
He anping A dream of red mansions studies ABC. Guangzhou: Huacheng Press, 2009.
And Li. Comment on Li's A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing: Unity Press, 2006.
Wang Kunlun. On the characters in A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 2004.
Qigong. Qigong tells you the red chamber. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2007.
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