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"Exploration of Spring Festival couplets culture" paper
Couplets are called couplets. Concise and profound, neat and balanced, word for word, is a unique art form of Chinese language. It can be said that couplet art is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. The types of classified couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, communication couplets, elegiac couplets, scenery couplets, epigrams couplets and miscellaneous couplets. Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets are used or what forms of couplets are used, they must have the following characteristics: format one, equivalence of words and consistency of sentences. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less. Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat. Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position. Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.

In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.

The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets. Taboo 1, avoid arriving at the same time. This is about the relationship between the feet in the upper or lower couplet. Strictly speaking, horseshoe rhyme can be used as a rule for arranging horizontal lines at the end of a couplet composed of multiple clauses. The so-called horseshoe rhyme refers to the sentence that the feet are flat and arranged like a horse stance, and the hind feet follow the footprints in front. The sharing format is: sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing, sharing and sharing. However, the author thinks that starting from the present situation and development trend of couplets, considering the characteristics of "couplets have no definite sentences and sentences have no definite words" and the complexity of couplets' sentence patterns, the metrical requirement for the feet of sentences to be parallel can also be "no simultaneous stop" as a rule. To be precise, this rule has two requirements: (1) If there are two or three clauses on each side, it is required that all clauses cannot be settled at the same time. (2) If there are more than four clauses on each side, it is required that each clause cannot be three consecutive sentences (the upper and lower clauses are connected together, except when the middle clause paragraph is used) or more than three sentences can be settled at the same time. This rule is concise in theory and flexible in application, which not only embodies the combination of principle and theory, but also accommodates several main different opinions on the issue of horizontal footing. Take one-fifth of the long couplets on each side as an example. According to the law of "horseshoe rhyme", there are only two orthography methods, namely, occasionally flat, occasionally flat (in the middle clause), and there is another variant, * *. According to the law of "not staying at the same time", then it is flush, flush (middle section), flush and flush. 2. avoid ending at the same time. this is in terms of the relationship between the upper joint foot and the lower joint foot. To be precise, this rule has two requirements (1). No matter how long a couplet is and how many clauses there are, the last word of the couplet is required to be silent. The bottom line requires a flat tail. Generally, it can't end with a dull voice, but with a squeaky voice. (2) The upper and lower couplet cannot end at the same time, that is, the last word of the upper and lower couplet cannot be homophone or homophone. 3. Avoid three flat tails or three flat tails, referring to the last three words of a sentence. Try to avoid full flat tone or full flat tone. For example, "sitting on the lotus platform because of the deep", if you change "sitting" to "boarding", it will become a three-level tail. For example, "Only by practicing according to law can you enter the Tao". If you change "can" to "can", it will be three tails. There is no difference between the monotony of three flat tails or three flat tails. In order to reflect the consistency in theory, both should be taboo, not just three flat tails without three flat tails. 4. Avoiding being isolated or lonely means that in a five-word or six-word sentence, we should try to avoid having only one flat word or one silent word in the whole sentence. For example, "everything goes well", if it is changed to "everything goes well", it is loneliness; Another example is: "Bodhi is ripe now". If it is changed to "Bodhi is round now", it will be lonely. Here, the author will briefly discuss the problem of loneliness. In the author's view, the couplet method does not have to completely follow the traditional poetic method. From the perspective of couplet law, it is more concise and reasonable to define "if a sentence of five or six words has only one flat sound". Because: First, this definition is generally a bit loose in terms of standards, which is in line with the development trend of couplet law. Secondly, according to the traditional poetic method, the so-called solitude should be outside the foot of the sentence, but there is a big difference between couplets and modern poems, that is, the requirements for the smoothness of the ending (the foot of the sentence) are different, and no rhyme is required, so in couplets, the ending (the foot of the sentence) does not need to be drawn separately. Third, literally, loneliness is a kind of. If the literal meaning of loneliness is completely consistent with the actual meaning, it will be beneficial to understanding and operation. The isolation of traditional poetry rhythm is: in a sentence pattern with five characters on the same level and seven characters on the same level, if only one word in the sentence is a flat word except rhyme, it is a crime of "isolation". This definition has actually killed loneliness in one or two sentences (specifically, the five words "Ping Ping" have been changed to "Ping Ping" and the seven words have been changed to "Ping Ping". Therefore, the word "Gu Ping" must be supplemented with explanations so that people can actually understand and operate it. Fourthly, in the five-character couplet, if only "even flat" is flat, then let's look at "even flat" and compare these two formats. Judging from the rigidity and monotony of ping and ping, what is it? Fifth, modern poetry is mainly composed of five or seven words. Therefore, in the six-character couplet, the concept of loneliness in the rhyme of traditional poetry cannot be explained, and there may be loneliness in the six-character couplet.