In addition, according to the statistics of the United Nations population report, there are 3 billion residents in large, medium and small cities (80% of which are cities in developing countries) living in earthquake risk areas. It is predicted that the population in the earthquake danger area will increase by 1 times before 2035.
This situation will only get worse if it continues. Therefore, to do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation, we must actively and effectively plan and implement disaster prevention and mitigation.
How can we carry out disaster prevention and mitigation work most effectively? More than 25 earthquake-prone countries have taken various measures to resist, prevent and rescue, which has provided us with rich and valuable experience.
Some metropolises in developed countries (such as San Francisco and Los Angeles on the San Andreas fault in California, USA, Tokyo earthquake circle and Hanshin earthquake belt in Japan) have formed cooperation between earthquake disaster prevention personnel and urban planners, and under the guidance of the government, * * * has taken measures to reduce casualties, property losses and social and economic impacts caused by future earthquakes, and has received certain practical results. It is estimated that the June1994+1October 17 earthquake in Los Angeles reduced the disaster losses by 50%. 65438+1On September 30th, 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Mexico City, and the disaster loss decreased by 60%.
Lessons from earthquake-prone countries
While implementing disaster reduction measures, countries have different practices in maintaining the sustainable development of social economy, such as: Japan: improving the seismic performance of buildings, conducting earthquake-proof exercises, fast communication and transportation, and making effective use of underground space; Mexico: alternate city communication system and utilization of underground space; United States: improving urban environment (land use, active fault investigation, etc. ), improve the architectural style of buildings, improve the seismic effect, strengthen the early detection system of earthquakes, respond to rescue quickly, and ensure the transportation system, so that the occurrence of earthquakes becomes a part of daily life. Are you ready next time? " A sense of life as a citizen.
In addition, earthquake-prone countries must have earthquake early warning systems; Develop intelligent buildings, install strong earthquake instruments, self-rescue equipment and self-opening and self-closing equipment (earthquake transmission switch, spherical earthquake-proof room, high-rise sliding control, computer security); The rapid response of individuals, volunteer teams, communities, the military and the government; Promote high, medium and low-grade disaster relief tools and facilities; Visit the earthquake site (prepare the site investigation-the format of socio-economic report); Development of building seismic detection platform: establishing joint training courses for community earthquake prevention; Conduct small-scale earthquake drills and install alarms; Use GPS, GIS, VCD, car TV system for disaster prevention and relief; Shock prevention of high-tech equipment; Impact resistance of computer system; Earthquake prevention of lifeline system, including residential and public facilities; Distribute earthquake preparedness manuals; Individuals and companies participate in purchasing earthquake insurance; Construction sites should be earthquake-resistant, old houses should be reinforced, earthquake alarms should be selected, and self-rescue, self-protection and escape devices should be purchased; Group measurement and prevention; Compiling earthquake-resistant and disaster-prevention plans and preparation plans for cities, communities, companies, factories, families and individuals; Popularize teaching materials of earthquake theory and application; Atlas for disaster prevention and mitigation; Handbook of earthquake prevention; Volunteer organization for earthquake relief; Earthquake Charity Relief (Red Cross Disaster Relief Statistical Database); Experience and lessons of military emergency response.
How to do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation?
According to statistics, from 1960 to 1997, the types of major natural disasters have increased four times, and now there are 14 kinds; In the same period, the economic loss increased by 6 times and the insurance loss increased by 14 times. This trend shows that the efficiency of disaster reduction strategies and plans is lower than expected. There are more and more cities, more and more people, high-value facilities are concentrated, and people's prevention and rescue capabilities (knowledge, technology, investment, etc.). ) is weakening. In this case, our strategy should be expressed as attaching importance to earthquake safety and enhancing disaster reduction capacity, just like attaching importance to national security.
From the disaster prevention and mitigation actions of various countries, it can be seen that international cooperation and overall planning between the government and relevant departments are essential. The government can formulate disaster reduction measures from top to bottom, including:
Establish an earthquake prediction and early warning system; Establish a disaster assessment system; Establish emergency rescue system and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction system, combine research, development and practical application well, coordinate and achieve disaster reduction effect.
The government should also tell the public and decision-making departments what to do to prevent earthquakes and reduce disasters, including:
Learn from disasters; Buy earthquake disaster insurance and protect yourself by law; Popularize publicity and education and provide all kinds of anti-resistance brochures; Improve the dissemination methods and utilization of various seismic information; Increase the available technical means of prevention and rescue; Publicly admit the mistakes of human beings in the practice of prevention and rescue, and increase the awareness and knowledge of earthquake safety; Research and application of multidisciplinary prevention and rescue.
Summing up the above government practices, and summarizing the operational principles of disaster prevention and mitigation management, it can be divided into: a large number of talents, funds and materials; Effective information dissemination and transportation guarantee; Practical urban earthquake prevention and disaster reduction planning; Effective supervision and inspection and improvement.
The resulting disaster prevention plan should have the following characteristics
First of all, from a personal point of view.
(1) Recognize and acknowledge the existence of disasters;
(2) Using existing knowledge to actively maintain stability and order;
(3) The overall concept of disasters combining science and technology, politics, society, economy, law, psychology, military and international.
Second, from the relevant decision-making departments.
(1) the combination of theory and application, new concept and new technology rather than division;
(2) Coordinate and prepare emergency resources, make independent decisions and guarantee independently;
(3) Anticipate possible problems and difficulties, prepare solutions, and speed up rapid response in case of emergency.
Third, from the government.
(1) Organization and coordination: government, units, communities, families and individuals;
(2) Preparation, exertion, maintenance and transformation of urban functions;
(3) actual demand and supply