The ancient prose movement is a movement to innovate the style of writing, style and literary language. Through this reform, prose has become the dominant position of literature, and at the same time, it has freed the world from the complicated shackles of parallel prose, making people's words more able to express their thoughts instead of playing crossword puzzles repeatedly. This made an indelible contribution to the development of literature at that time and later generations. The ancient prose movement promoted the development of legendary novels at that time, and the Tang Dynasty became the heyday of legendary novels. When the practice and theory of prose creation began to show signs of change, there were some new changes in the imperial examination, which related to the future of scholars and affected the humanistic style of reading. In the second year of Baoying (763), that is, the year when the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Yang Wan and Jia Zhi advocated the abolition of poetry and fu, the removal of classics from the imperial examination, and the emphasis on meaning and purpose, so as to promote people to truly understand the Confucian spirit and change the flashy style of writing; In the first year of Jianzhong (780), Hu Ling presided over the wise founder's attempt to persuade him to learn, and began to adopt the form of prose. These facts, on the one hand, show that the idea of writing style reform has begun to penetrate into the heart of the imperial examination host, which proves that it has formed a trend of thought; On the other hand, it can be inferred that because the imperial examination allows the form of prose, it must be a powerful driving force for the change of writing style. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, although the examinations were mainly based on poems and essays, people solicited opinions from officials and threw papers at examiners, but prose was widely used. For example, Han Yu used prose to write letters. Han Yu, an Old Book of Tang Dynasty, said that he "raised scholars among officials and wrote articles, so Xiang Qing Yu was quite famous, so he was very famous at that time." It can be seen that although the selection of poems and fu has not been abolished, both examiners and candidates attach great importance to prose.

The role of the New Culture Movement made vernacular Chinese replace classical Chinese, and at the same time enabled new punctuation marks, making the article easier to read. At the same time, the new culture movement also requires people to seek truth from facts, rather than deliberately pursuing form, which makes people get rid of the shackles of the framework and fully reflect their thoughts and views in the text. More importantly, the new culture movement has incorporated anti-feudal colors. . Almost all Lu Xun's articles lashed out at feudal ethics, dogma and feudal dross. Let people wake up through the article and rise up against feudalism. The New Culture Movement not only improved the literary form, but also contributed to the survival of the nation. After 192 1 year, new literature entered the development stage. With the different trends of May 4th writers in environmental influence, aesthetic taste and cultural pursuit, the differentiation of "literary revolutionaries" became inevitable. If the pioneers in the early and climax of the May 4th New Culture Movement faced the "human" desert caused by the long-term feudal cultural tradition, they consciously United at the cultural level and reached a high degree of "unity", then when they went deep into all aspects and levels of literary creation and expression, the development of the concept of "human literature" appeared different aesthetic trends. As mentioned earlier, in the concept of "human literature" in the May 4th Movement, humanism and individual humanism are intertwined. Both of them are theoretical weapons that can not be ignored in the anti-feudal movement, but they are two distinct ideological trends. Humanism pays attention to people's observation, examination and reflection on themselves, while personal humanism emphasizes the independence and freedom of personality. Specifically, in literary creation, the former pays attention to the relationship between literature and readers and social objects, while the latter pays attention to the relationship between literature and writers; The former emphasizes the social function of literature, while the latter pays attention to the ontological significance of literature's "self-expression". The "Life School" represented by the Literature Research Association (including Xinchao Society and Diaosi Society). ) and the "art school" represented by the creation society (including the lakeside poetry school, the sinking bell society, the crescent society, etc. ) rise from these two sides and stand tall in the world. They carried out outward expansion and inward excavation in the development of "human literature" respectively, thus promoting the enrichment and maturity of "human literature"

As a realistic literary trend of thought in China in the mid-1920s, the literary concept of "for life" is not only different from other literary trends (such as romanticism and modernism), but also different from western realism, ancient China and realism after the 1920s. It is the ideological fruit nurtured by the cultural soil of "human" under the macro background of the great collision and intersection of Chinese and foreign ancient and modern cultures during the May 4th Movement. Therefore, the understanding of it can not only stay in the general understanding level of "reflecting reality", "serving life" and "objective reality", but must go deep into the texture from the surface to reveal its fundamental and unique characteristics of the times. First of all, it embodies a strong populist cultural spirit. The concept of "civilian literature" advocated by Zhou Zuoren was influenced by the "great humanism" popular in Europe after the First World War, which bears a certain degree of generality and abstraction. By the time of the Literature Research Association, theorists had a more detailed and profound understanding of the civilian spirit of literature. When Shen Yanbing advocated "sweeping away the face of aristocratic literature and releasing the spirit of civilian literature", he emphasized that new literature should sympathize with the "fourth class" and love the "injured and insulted". In particular, 10 claims that although works can write personal thoughts and feelings, "these thoughts and feelings must really belong to the people and all mankind", and even asserts that literary works are "the only tool to communicate human feelings and appeal to all mankind". 1 1 In their view, writers can neither put themselves above the broad masses of the people, nor be detached from social life, but should integrate themselves into the broad masses of civilians and naturally exchange "feelings" (in Zheng Zhenduo), so that the spirit of populism can run through the writer's subjective consciousness from the object of literary description. Secondly, it refers to the art of life. In a sense, the May 4th New Literature Movement itself was initiated to solve problems in real life. Although Chen Duxiu's so-called "national literature", "social literature" and "realistic literature" are relatively traceable in content, they undoubtedly refer to the literature closely related to social life at that time, so one of his biggest problems in criticizing old literature is that his "vision" is too narrow. Although Hu Shi initiated the literary revolution mainly from the aspect of language form, he also strongly opposed the separation of literature. Mao Dun's exposition is the most comprehensive. When commenting on the equal discussion of old and new literature, he clearly pointed out that new literature should have three elements, one is universality, the other is the ability to express and guide life, and the third is for the common people, not for the ordinary special class. In the early days of the literary revolution, people emphasized "people"-the realization of people's desires, values and meanings in literature. Taking this as a theoretical weapon to overthrow the feudal concept of "inhumanity" in literature, then the realistic literary trend of thought at this time not only takes the realization of "man" as its spiritual connotation, but also emphasizes the realistic "life", especially the word "for life", that is to say, the value of literature can not only be satisfied with describing and reflecting the problems of "man" and "life", but is more fundamental.

Five, the shortcomings of the two sports

Although the ancient prose movement has made great breakthroughs in style, the content of this movement has been reformed. On the contrary, there is the idea of "taking Tao as the text". It is the negative point of the ancient prose movement to advocate the use of ancient prose as a tool to publicize the Confucian way, establish the orthodox position of Confucianism and maintain the feudal ruling order.

The New Culture Movement not only made a breakthrough in style, but also incorporated anti-feudal ideas. So that people can realize this. However, the combination of the new culture movement and the people limited the cultural movement to the circle of intellectuals, which made the real purpose of the movement unable to be fully realized. In addition, the New Culture Movement made a formalistic mistake. They swept away the heritage of the motherland without analysis, and at the same time, regardless of the dross, everything was made to serve China. This is another reason why the new culture movement can't be completely successful.

An overview of intransitive verbs

Both the ancient prose movement and the new culture movement have made great contributions to China literature. At the same time, they also have many defects. The ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The new culture movement introduced the new culture view: first, it confirmed the value of literature to the social and historical position, that is, it regarded literature as a sharp weapon to "serve life" and "improve life"; Firstly, it proves the role of literature in the aesthetic expression of the subject, that is, literature is established to express people's inner requirements and emotional experiences. These two aspects are indispensable spiritual qualities for the modernization of literature. However, in comparison, the literature research society and the fashion society mainly reflect the humanistic and social values and aesthetic consciousness with modern quality, and the rise of the creation society undoubtedly makes the content of the latter army typical. The persistent pursuit of personality liberation, the praise of the subject's personality value, and the expression of modern people's life consciousness and the true meaning of modern life are precisely the modern qualities that literature can best embody the May 4th style and truly arouse people's modern perception.