First, the correlation between cities and tourism resources
Since we talk about urban tourism resources, we must understand the relationship between cities and tourism resources, and first understand what a city is. There was no city in the primitive human era, and the city was the product of the development of productive forces, which prompted the emergence of surplus products. In order to protect their private property and prevent the invasion of foreign tribes, dignitaries and slave owners established the original cities. So the original city appeared. On the one hand, the ancient ancestors built cities to promote cities, which not only developed the political functions of cities, but also objectively played a certain role in the development of commodity exchange between urban and rural people and the protection of urban industry and commerce, and promoted the formation and development of urban population communities, the agglomeration of urban productive forces and the development of social division of labor. This not only creates favorable conditions for the economic development of the city, but also creates favorable conditions for the development of urban culture, making the city gradually become a political center, an economic center and a cultural center, and a cradle and carrier of advanced productive forces and culture. Of course, in the long process of the development of human social productive forces, the disappearance and reconstruction of cities is a major phenomenon left by history to cities. The ancient Mayan city was submerged in the vast forest, Epang Palace died in a raging fire, and the ancient Loulan city was swallowed up by rolling yellow sand, but another part of the new city was also being rebuilt at the same time. These newly-built cities have been forgotten by wars and historical changes. Vienna, a world famous city on the Danube, was an important port and traffic fortress of the Roman Empire in the first century, and later became the capital of Austria-Hungary and Austria. Duonao River runs through the city. There are dense forests and beautiful natural scenery in the western suburbs of this city. In addition, the ancient buildings such as St. Stephen's Cathedral and Bell Fandl Palace in the city set each other off. 180 1 year, the Vienna Opera House was completed and became the world opera center and the hometown of music. Beethoven and other world famous musicians have been edified in this beautiful city and become a generation of music masters. China cities such as Beijing, Nanjing, Xi and Hangzhou are not only the capitals of many dynasties, but also scenic spots. Penglai Fairy Island in our city has not only historical and cultural relics such as Penglai Pavilion, Yudao Village and Qi Jiguang's hometown, but also beautiful seashore and the legendary Eight Immortals. It is a world-famous seaside town. The wisdom, culture and history of human beings have left a series of marks in the city. With the passage of time, they have remained to this day and become a valuable legacy of human historical development. This not only has the value of archaeological relics, but also becomes an extremely precious humanistic tourism resource for us to pursue our ancestors' footprints. Therefore, in this sense, humanistic tourism resources are the twin brothers of the city.
Therefore, it is of great significance for us to understand the relationship between cities and tourism resources and their evolution characteristics in the contemporary era for us to consciously carry out urban planning and construction, functional zoning, rationally develop and utilize urban tourism resources and protect urban ecological environment.
Second, rationally develop and utilize urban tourism resources.
The tourism resources contained in the city are extremely valuable economic resources in contemporary times. In the era of natural economy, due to the low level of productivity, people's consumption demand is still limited to the stage of pursuing food and clothing. Subjectively, there is no urgent requirement to develop tourism resources, and objectively, there are no conditions in terms of manpower, capital and technology. So many valuable tourism resources have been sleeping for thousands of years. Now sleeping in the wilderness, even collapse and destruction. What's more, under the influence of foolish ideas, thousands of years of cultural relics and historic sites were artificially destroyed as "four old", which led to national tragedy. It can be seen that the rational development and utilization of urban tourism resources is not only influenced by ideological understanding, but also restricted by the development level of productive forces. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the development of productive forces and economic progress, China's tourism industry has developed rapidly, and tourism development fever has arisen everywhere. From a philosophical point of view, development and destruction are twin sisters, and development will lead to destruction. We can't let them destroy tourism resources because of development, and we can't stop developing tourism resources because of destruction. What we have to do is to control the damage of twin sisters to the development of tourism resources in the most reasonable range. This is particularly important for our city, which takes tourism as its pillar industry. Judging from the current situation, the rational development and management of tourism resources in our city should pay attention to the following problems.
1. has the correct guiding ideology. Tourism is a promising industry in the contemporary era. According to the prediction of some international famous economic institutions and authoritative organizations, it will become the largest industry in 2 1 century after the oil industry and automobile industry. To develop tourism in our city, we must first recognize this general trend of world industrial structure change in this century, raise awareness, seize opportunities and accelerate development. Penglai is rich in tourism resources, both human resources and natural resources, which have obvious advantages compared with small and medium-sized cities at the same level. Therefore, it is very important for Penglai to regard tourism as the pillar industry of urban development in 2 1 century. In the development of Penglai tourism resources, we can't just regard tourism as an economic undertaking, but ignore that it is also a cultural undertaking. Tourism reflects the civilization and fashion of a country or region. For example, in order to attract tourists, some cities publicize superstitious and even decadent things, which makes the sediment reappear. This phenomenon of making money without paying attention to the construction of spiritual civilization deserves attention. Other cities ignore the protection of national cultural heritage, and their short-term behavior is serious, etc., all of which reflect that rich and healthy national culture is not carried forward as the life of tourism when developing tourism. Therefore, we should learn this lesson when developing tourism in our city. We should coordinate the development of tourism and urban economy from the height of industry; We should also pay attention to protecting, promoting and developing the excellent cultural heritage and traditions of the nation from the height of improving the quality of the nation.
2. It is necessary to make overall planning, scientific layout and form characteristics.
Overall planning is the fundamental measure for the state to macro-control the coordinated development of cities and tourism. It includes three levels. First, do a good job in the comprehensive development planning of the city under the guidance of the comprehensive development planning of a higher level (country, big economic zone or province). Urban comprehensive development planning is the mother plan of urban development. It includes economy, society, science and technology, ecology and so on. Coordinate the proportional development of all industries and industries in the city horizontally. According to relevant statistics, tourism is related to more than 70 industries, which is the most widely driven industry, and its development itself is therefore restricted by related industries. Just like the six elements of tourism: travel, shopping, entertainment, food, housing and transportation. A single industry, that is, traffic problems, can determine whether the tourism development in a certain area is smooth or not. For example, the development of tourism in our city has not yet developed. A large part of the reason is that the traffic problem has not been well solved. Although road traffic extends in all directions, there is no direct railway to Penglai, let alone aviation. The traffic is inconvenient and the accessibility of tourists is poor. Facts have proved that the bottleneck of inconvenient transportation has hindered the development of Penglai's tourism economy, although government departments have paid attention to it. Therefore, simply developing tourism is unsustainable, and its development proportion, scale and structure must be coordinated with related industries. Only in this way can we improve the social, economic and ecological benefits of the city and create a good environment for the development of tourism. Second, market-oriented, do a good job in the overall planning of urban tourism development. The overall planning of urban tourism development is the sub-planning and departmental planning of urban comprehensive development planning. Under the guidance and constraint of comprehensive planning, it is necessary to clarify the strategic thinking, direction, focus and characteristics of urban tourism development and integrate it with comprehensive planning. When making the overall planning of urban tourism, we should pay attention to getting rid of the traditional planned economy and avoid purely technical static planning. We should not be what the government says, and the development of tourism resources and the construction of scenic spots should be dominated by the market economy. It is important to solve the relationship between market and characteristics. Giving full play to the characteristic advantages of urban tourism resources is inseparable from the market, especially from the demand of domestic tourism market. At present, China's tourism industry has not started for a long time, and most cities, especially inland cities, still take the domestic tourism market as the main source of tourism income. With the development of domestic economy, domestic residents' tourism will be a huge market. When planning the characteristics of urban tourism development for a considerable period of time, we should take into account the consumption level, consumption habits, history and culture of Chinese residents, and we should not blindly seek foreign countries and imitate foreign lifestyles and consumption habits. This is one aspect of the problem. On the other hand, starting from the market, we should also consider and make full use of the advantages of local tourism resources. Nowadays, many cities develop tourism and rush headlong into it blindly. Speaking of folk villages, some scenic spots in urban folk villages exceed10; When it comes to miniature landscapes, all over the world imitate this form, without forming their own characteristics. On the contrary, tourists are reduced and the market is lost. In this sense, without local tourism characteristics, there will be no broad tourism market. Our water city in Penglai is a sailor training factory in the Ming Dynasty, which people want to see, and it is the taste of ancient times rather than modern civilization. This also tells us that in the recent development of Shuicheng, we should properly handle the relationship between market and characteristics and develop Shuicheng into a truly historical and cultural heritage. Third, we should combine the overall tourism planning with the urban construction planning. The planning and layout of tourism development should be combined with the planning and layout of urban construction, which is an extremely important issue. On the one hand, the layout of urban construction forms the appearance and characteristics of the city, which is itself a kind of tourism resources and artificial environment, which is conducive to the development of urban tourism. At the same time, in the layout of urban construction, great attention should be paid to properly protecting ancient buildings, trees and other tourism resources and ecological environment. On the other hand, the overall layout of tourism should also become an organic part of the urban construction layout, so that the construction of scenic spots can be integrated into the urban construction layout planning. In this way, the construction of scenic spots and scenic spots can be coordinated in all aspects of urban construction. In this regard, the construction of many ancient cities and famous cities has created valuable experience. The capital Beijing is not only the national political and economic center, but also a world-famous cultural city. In recent years, people attach great importance to the combination of urban construction and tourism development. It is reported that the entire urban construction in Beijing is centered on Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City. In this way, the modernization of the city has maintained the elegance and elegance of Kyoto and the solemn style of the ancient capital. In specific construction projects, many buildings pay attention to inheriting and maintaining the palace-style architectural art in Kyoto, and attach great importance to protecting cultural relics and natural ecology. Let the new and old buildings in Beijing blend together. It not only has the great spirit of modernization, but also maintains and broadens the characteristics and styles of ancient architecture in China. For example, the construction of Qingdao is also very distinctive, and the urban architectural style is very different from other cities. Scientifically absorbed the essence of foreign architectural forms and formed the characteristics of China coastal cities. The architectural layout and design of the whole city are in harmony with the ecological environment of the blue sea, which makes people feel that every building in Qingdao is a beautiful scenery against the sea, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. There is also the restoration of the ancient city of Tang dynasty in Xi' an, which has the charm of the ancient capital Chang' an for thousands of years. These experiences of organic combination of urban tourism master planning and urban construction planning are worth learning and attaching importance to in other cities. Compared with the urban construction of Penglai, there is a little gap. Let's say Penglai Pavilion, which is the main creator of Penglai's economic income. In front are fishermen from Shuicheng, who use Swordfish Village for development. When the weather gets warmer, fishing boats will shuttle through it, and garbage and strange smell will fill it, which will make people avoid it. It is built with Dengxian Bridge, which leads to Penglai Pavilion. Look at those houses surrounded by Bao Penglai Pavilion. It's a waste of tourism resources. Let's take a look at the open seashore of Qingdao and the highway around Xiamen. If it is a very difficult job to relocate residents, how can Xiamen relocate a naval base without developing island roads? Therefore, the combination of tourism city construction and tourism development deserves in-depth study in order to kill two birds with one stone.
3. Deep development, combining tourism with economy and trade, combining characteristic development with comprehensive development. Under the condition of market economy, the rational development and utilization of tourism is not only reflected in its own virtuous circle, but also can play the role of tourism and promote the development of urban economy. In practical work, this has formed a development model of "building a stage for tourism and singing opera for economy and trade". In this regard, some cities have created a lot of good experiences, facing the world, highlighting their characteristics, starting from a high point and achieving good benefits. In recent years, Hunan Province has formed "three festivals and one meeting", namely Yueyang International Dragon Boat Festival, Zhangjiajie International Forest Festival, Changde Taohuayuan International Peach Blossom Festival and Hengyang Nanyue Traditional Temple Fair. The International Kite Festival in Weifang, Shandong, the Zibo Ceramic and Glass Art Festival, the International Confucius Culture Festival, and the ode to peace in our city have great influence. They have made great contributions to the introduction of foreign capital and the development of foreign trade, and promoted the opening up of the city. At present, this in-depth development based on urban tourism resources has also made new progress in the design and development of tourism projects. The combination of characteristic development and comprehensive development has developed to a deeper level, promoted national culture and attracted a large number of tourists at home and abroad. For example, following the successful development of miniature landscape "Brocade Rusted Porcelain" in Shenzhen, "China Zhouyi Villa" was recently launched in Beijing. Some famous mountains have launched mythical "cultural tourism to worship heaven". Other cities and scenic spots have launched scientific investigation tourism, adventure tourism, drifting tourism, ancient culture tourism, investigation tourism, calligraphy tourism, cooking tourism, TCM rehabilitation tourism, rural eco-tourism and so on. It reflects the trend of tourism to a higher level of spiritual and cultural consumption. In recent years, our city has begun to pay attention to this change. At present, the city has developed from historical and cultural sites such as Penglai Pavilion and beautiful coastal city scenery into a comprehensive tourist area with sightseeing, recuperation, ethnic customs, folk customs and advocating peace as its main contents. This kind of mixed comprehensive development is more conducive to giving play to the deep-seated functions of tourism and promoting the continuous improvement of people's internal quality, which is worth advocating.
Third, protect urban tourism resources.
Tourism resources are non-renewable resources. In particular, some urban cultural tourism resources are priceless, even priceless, and once they are destroyed, they will no longer be owned. In recent years, tourism has developed greatly. Due to our neglect of the protection of tourism resources, predatory management and the disorderly construction of scenic spots, a large number of tourism resources have been destroyed. According to relevant data, the top of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in Jilin Province is the only tundra in China, which has been destroyed due to the surge of tourists and poor protection. Jinan, the spring city, used to be "every spring, every household hangs willow." The beautiful scenery of my hometown no longer exists, and even the famous Baotu Spring and Pearl Spring are on the verge of waterless and serious pollution. Guilin, where mountains and rivers are the best in the world, and Suzhou and Hangzhou, a paradise on earth, are all overcrowded, and the beautiful mountains and rivers are also polluted. Another example is the theft of many ancient tombs, which is quite common. At this time, the situation urges people to reflect on the utilization and protection of tourism resources. If we do not properly handle the utilization and protection of tourism resources, only pay attention to immediate interests and ignore long-term interests, many valuable tourism resources in China will be destroyed. In order to protect China's tourism resources and continue to use them, many people of insight loudly say that protection is more important than development. At present, the protection of tourism resources should focus on the following three aspects, especially the protection of ecological environment.
1. Protection of scenic spots. This is a direct protection of tourism resources and is easily accepted by people. The main problem in this regard is the predatory development of landscapes and scenic spots, which directly destroys tourism resources. I think we can take two protective measures in this respect. First, strengthen the maintenance and repair of scenic spots. Especially for humanistic tourism resources, we should strengthen protection. At present, there are still many valuable human resources that have not received due attention and protection. For example, the ancient buildings in some cities are in disrepair and will collapse, and many historical sites are demolished or submerged in urban buildings, which is really a pity. The Three Immortals Gate in Penglai was demolished for some reason and replaced by Stonehenge of Eight Immortals, which is neither fish nor fowl. If the symbol representing Penglai is Penglai Pavilion, then Stonehenge in the Eight Immortals on the east side of Penglai Pavilion is a little unknown. If the Eight Immortals culture is the representative of Penglai tourism culture, this stone statue should also be at the Eight Immortals crossing. I wonder if the Eight Immortals stone statue that suddenly stands at Penglai Pavilion and the Eight Immortals crossing is a bit awkward and has its own existence. Second, we must resolutely implement the Regulations on the Administration of Scenic Spots formulated by the State Council, and on this basis, formulate corresponding rules and regulations for the protection of scenic spots in a timely manner, strengthen law enforcement and supervision, and put an end to vicious incidents that destroy scenic spots.
2. Ecological protection of tourist cities and scenic spots. This is an indirect protection of tourism resources, which is easily ignored by people. As we know, ecosystem is the unity of interaction between all living things and physical environment in a specific area. In this unity, living things and non-living things exchange substances, making the ecosystem a stable system. As far as human beings are concerned, it is a biological community in this ecosystem. Ecological environment is also the natural environment and earth space on which human beings depend for survival and development. Therefore, human beings are bound by nature while demanding from it. The laws of nature have not lost their functions because of human existence. When transforming nature, we must pay attention to following the laws of nature and protecting the ecological balance. Otherwise, we will reap the consequences and be mercilessly retaliated by nature. Generally speaking, the development of tourism, like the development of industry, leads to the increase of resource consumption and pollutant discharge, which directly destroys the ecological environment. The problem is that we should control this destruction within the limits of the assimilation and self-purification ability of the ecological environment, so that the ecosystem can still remain stable. Otherwise, regardless of unplanned predatory management and over-exploitation, the ecological environment will be degraded. In the end, the benefits we ask nature are far from making up for the price we will pay. In particular, the ecological environment itself is an organic part of tourism resources. If it is destroyed, it is tantamount to "tourism suicide". The destruction of the tundra at the top of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and the depletion of Jinan spring water are two examples of natural punishment for destroying the ecological environment. The ecological protection of tourist cities and scenic spots should start from the following aspects.
The first is to raise awareness of the ecological protection of tourist cities and scenic spots. It is necessary to educate and publicize the whole people, update old ideas and raise awareness of ecological protection. For example, we should change the concept that tourism is a "smokeless industry" for a long time and ignore tourism pollution. Generally speaking, tourists consume more energy and materials and produce more waste pollution than local residents. The development of tourism has brought a sudden increase in people flow, which is concentrated in tourist cities and scenic spots, resulting in some elements of the ecological environment, such as air, water and surface pollution. This kind of pollution is no less than industrial "smoke and dust" pollution. The dirty, chaotic and poor conditions of many tourist cities in China are a proof. That is, for tourism resources, due to the deterioration of ecological environment, landscape degradation, and even physical and chemical changes. For example, due to too many tourists, many caves developed by tourism in China emit carbon dioxide that exceeds the self-purification ability of scenic spots or attractions, and the stalactites in the caves turned white into black. These pollution and destruction of tourism resources are more expensive than the treatment of industrial "three wastes". In addition, the idea that tourism resources are renewable resources is also a wrong idea that hinders ecological protection. Except for man-made scenic spots and landscapes, tourism resources are generally non-renewable resources, but its loss is not easy to be noticed for a while. After the destruction of natural scenery, it no longer exists, and after the destruction of human resources, it cannot be restored. Although some ancient buildings and cultural relics can be rebuilt or copied, their cultural values have been lost. For example, although the Wang Teng Pavilion in Jiangxi has been rebuilt, it is no longer a Millennium Gu Lou and has no cultural value. Don't let our Penglai Pavilion repeat the same mistakes. Therefore, with the spirit of patriotism and a high sense of responsibility for future generations, we should do everything possible to protect the beautiful ecological environment and humanistic tourism resources of the city, so that they can be passed down from generation to generation and used permanently for the benefit of the people.
Second, prevention is more important than cure. When developing tourism projects, we should carefully evaluate the impact on the environment. The key to protect the ecological environment of tourist cities and scenic spots is to control the development of tourism projects and prohibit the development of tourism projects with serious ecological damage. This is more important than treating the environment after causing pollution. The main measure of "prevention" is to seriously carry out the environmental impact assessment of tourism projects. The so-called environmental impact assessment is to predict and evaluate the biological and physical impact of development projects on the natural environment with scientific methods and procedures. The evaluation content includes the positive and negative impacts of the development project on all aspects of the natural environment and man-made environment and their degrees, and on this basis, a scientific evaluation conclusion is formed as an important basis for the decision-making of relevant departments. Through environmental impact assessment, measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent and control projects with slight environmental pollution and damage; It is forbidden to develop or implement projects that seriously pollute and destroy the environment. In this way, protect the ecological environment from the source, put an end to the generation of pollution sources, ensure the rationality of the development and utilization of scenic spots, and make the development of tourism resources not only conducive to promoting economic development, but also conducive to protecting the ecological environment. For example, in tourist cities, we should develop more green projects and less polluting industries, and prohibit the establishment of industrial projects that seriously damage the ecology. Don't set up an industry in the center of the scenic spot. For tourism projects in different scenic spots, we should choose different development directions and scales, control the total number of people, and protect the ecological environment and natural landscape. The Bohai Oilfield to be developed soon is understandable economically, but it will bring many unfavorable factors to the environment of our city after development.
Third, take comprehensive measures to protect the ecological environment. First, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the ecological environment of tourist cities and scenic spots and control the pollution sources in time. It is necessary to establish and improve the ecological management and monitoring institutions of tourist cities and scenic spots, formulate a scientific ecological protection index system, cultivate and improve the professional and technical team of ecological protection, and use advanced technical means to monitor and control. The second is to establish an ecological environment protection fund. In addition to the appropriate allocation of tourism income by the state, it is mainly paid by tourists and tourism business units to make up for the consumption of ecological environment resources. Eco-environmental funds should also establish a paid use mechanism to realize value-added. The third is to protect the ecological environment according to law. At present, the State Council has promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the Administration of Scenic Spots, the Environmental Protection Law, the Forest Protection Law, the Marine Protection Law and other ecological protection laws and regulations 10, and a Tourism Law is being formulated. Local governments and tourism management departments should formulate local laws and regulations on tourism development and ecological environment protection in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, combined with local conditions, gradually set up ecological law enforcement teams, publicize ecological legal system, seriously deal with cases that damage ecology, cultivate citizens' ecological legal concept, and promote ecological protection to the legal track, which has become an important aspect of social spiritual civilization construction. In this way, the development of urban tourism resources and the protection of ecological environment in China can achieve a virtuous circle.