Eight common arguments in TOEFL composition
All-round view 1: health (nutrition, relaxation, physical fitness, food safety, living habits, alcohol and tobacco, physical injury, safety, life, industry)
Universal view 2: bento (saving time, being flexible at all times, transportation, leisure, entertainment, eating and drinking, shopping)
TOFEL Composition Universal View III: Communication (communication skills, communication with family, parents, friends, classmates, partners, leaders and netizens)
TOFEL composition omnipotence point 4: Habits and thoughts (customs, habits, hobbies, family, friendship, love, fun)
Universal view 5: sense of accomplishment (success, honor, wealth, pride, motivation, pressure, honor).
Universal view 6: Environmental protection (ecological balance, animal and plant protection, environmental pollution-water, air, light, noise, radiation ... ecological balance ",topic of TOEFL composition in new era)
All-round view 7: economy (wages, income and expenditure, funds, investment, savings, tourism, employment, profits and taxes).
TOEFL composition omnipotent view 8: quality (experienced, capable, intelligent, cooperative, persistent, self-motivated, independent, responsible, tolerant, optimistic, modest, brave and kind)
Experienced: experienced ...
Lean: ability, talent and competence ...
Cooperation: cooperation, cooperation ...
Perseverance: Perseverance, perseverance, perseverance. ...
Progress: positive and enterprising ...
Independence: independence ...
Responsible: Responsible, responsible ...
Forgiveness: tolerance, tolerance, tolerance ...
Ambitious: the best ...
As the saying goes, everything changes without departing from its original religion. TOEFL writing materials and opinions have always been based on these eight items. Students should know more about this information and master the latest common sense of social views, so that they can have evidence to fall back on when creating TOEFL composition topics and contents.
The Application of Universal Argumentation in TOEFL Writing
In the TOEFL test, the first thing is always very nervous. It takes half an hour to write an article of about 400 words; Secondly, in a very short time, we should come up with several reasons to support our views according to the topic, organize them in an orderly way, form an article, and speak in an authentic way. Therefore, candidates are very simple and anxious. Therefore, in order to avoid this situation, it is necessary for candidates to complete a high-quality article in a short time, and it is necessary to master some tips. It is necessary to use them flexibly. In a limited time, after establishing the basic idea that you want to write, you must come up with several points, quickly position yourself and quickly enter the writing situation.
For example: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, people put too much emphasis on appearance and fashion. Please give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
To solve this problem, we must first start from ourselves, how to write well, how to write simply, and judge our own position. If we start from an inconsistent point of view, from which angle should we demonstrate that we have not put too much emphasis on appearance and fashion? Candidates may scratch their heads at the scene and don't know where to start at the moment. At this time, we can use the 10 classification to verify one by one.
First of all, is it helpful to pay attention to the surface of fashion for our career preparation? Pay attention to the surface, pay attention to fashion to reflect their taste of the day, their temperament will be improved, will attract everyone's attention, will naturally bring them unexpected homework opportunities, and then carry out their own homework. You can give an example, because you have always paid attention to fashion and appearance, and your temperament is very good and impressive, but you stood out in the interview and successfully got a good job.
Next, from the other ten categories, we can quickly locate and find opinions. Countries and civilizations have a big field that can open up arguments. In terms of public welfare and compassion, you can give examples. Because everyone cares about fashion, they can also help others. For example, the recent "Brother Sharp Incident", from an ordinary vagrant and beggar, attracted everyone's attention because of his unusual clothes, and then helped him reunite with his family, attracted everyone's attention to the vulnerable groups, and then promoted social harmony.
The third "health and safety" can also be used. It can be said that everyone attaches importance to the surface of fashion and naturally advocates healthy skin care products and skin care products. If you pay attention to keeping in shape, you will pay attention to fitness and wear clothes with fabrics that are good for everyone's health, thus improving people's health.
Fourth, the economy. If you pay attention to appearance and fashion, you will spend a lot of money. You can use a set of data to prove the contribution of fashion industry to the economy. Consumption affects shopping malls, thus promoting economic development.
Fifth, happiness and emotion. The pressure of modern society is increasing. Everyone expects to relax and pay attention to fashion and superficiality, which will make everyone happy physically and mentally and reduce the pressure in homework. People just rely on fashion to relax themselves and make their lives more exciting, which is not too emphasized.
Application of subjunctive mood in TOEFL composition
Subjunctive mood in TOEFL composition;
When giving examples, we often say "if" and "suppose", that is, if. ...
No matter whether this example is good or bad, many of them are problematic from their own sentences.
The TOEFL writing guide summarizes some uses of if. Let's have a look before the exam.
First look at two TOEFL composition examples:
Sue lost her watch. She thinks it may be in Ann's house.
Sue: I think I left my watch at your house. Have you seen it?
Ann: No, but I'll have a look when I get home. If I find it, I'll tell you.
If I find ..., I will ...
Ann said: If I find a wallet in the street, I will give it to the police.
If I find out ... I will ... (not if I find out, I will ...)
The two sentences here have different meanings. The former shows that Ann thinks it is really possible for her to find the watch. That's why she said that if I found ..., I would ... ..
The latter is a completely different situation. Here, Ann does not consider the possibility of reality; She doesn't think she can really find a watch in the street in a fictional TOEFL composition situation. That's why she said, if I find …, I will …
The difference between what I do and what I do.
If+ past tense (if I find out/if you are/if we don't wait. ) to express virtual work, not work that happened in the past:
What would you do if you won a million pounds?
I don't really want to go to their party, but I may go. If I don't go, they will be angry.
Sarah has decided not to apply for the job. She is really not qualified to do it, so if she applies, she probably won't get it.
The If clause usually does not have to be:
If someone points a gun at me, I will be very angry. (not if someone will point out)
If I don't go to their party, they will be invited (not if I don't go)
If ... ……would can be used to beg or someone to do something:
I would appreciate it if you could send me your brochure as soon as possible.
"Shall I close the door?" "Yes, please, if you like."
Would(' d)/would not is used in the main clause (not the if clause) of a sentence.
If you do more exercise, you may feel healthier.
Do you mind if I use your phone?
I'm not tired enough to go to bed. I can't sleep.
In addition, if-guided conditional sentences can also lead to inversion, which is also a plus item if used in composition:
Look at the normal word order first.
If the negotiation fails, it will be a serious setback
If you need more information, please call our headquarters.
If Alex asks, I can help.
Flip-chip is to save if
If the negotiation fails, it will be a serious setback.
If you need more information, please call our headquarters.
If Alex asks, I can help.
Inverted sentences are more formal than if clauses.
But in negative sentences, abbreviations cannot be used.
take for example
If he hadn't resized, we would have been forced to fire him (without him ...)
By the way, in the new TOEFL writing, I hope we can also write examples when giving examples, because examples have their particularity and unique lines. Of course, if you haven't experienced it, don't make a mistake by giving an example of a virtual scene.
Concession writing method of TOEFL independent writing with five-paragraph structure
An analysis of TOEFL's independent writing thought
When writing one-sided articles, most candidates like to use the classic five-paragraph writing method, that is, the first paragraph, the last paragraph and the middle three paragraphs. Of course, this way of writing is understandable, but most students will encounter two problems. First, I can only think of two reasons. What if the third reason can't be written? Second, I wrote all three reasons, but what if the number of words is not enough to 300? Such a situation requires our lifeline "concession section" to appear.
What is the wording of the concession paragraph?
In the concession section, the significance of literature is to take a step back. Is it more important to have a good relationship with others than to study hard at school for further success in your career? After choosing the position of agreement and writing three reasons for agreement, I can write a small concession paragraph to explain the idea of the opposing side, that is, it is important to study hard at school. Writing concession paragraphs has many advantages. One is the most practical use mentioned above-collecting words. The other is that writing concession paragraphs can also see the tightness of candidates' thoughts from the perspective of writing logic. As long as time permits, why not try this multi-pronged approach?
Interpretation of concession paragraph in TOEFL independent writing
However, the writing of concession paragraph also needs to follow certain standards. When writing, candidates should stop according to the trilogy: 1) write an opposing point of view 2) stop weakening to a certain extent 3) reiterate my point of view.
1. Write the concept of the other party.
Most students have done a good job in this step, but before putting forward opposing views, you can add some cohesive words, such as true, however and so on. Taking the previous topic as an example, is it more important to have a good relationship with others than to study hard at school for the further success of your career? It is also important to study hard in the concession period. When the first step leads to the other person's idea, it should be written: admit that getting excellent GPA is an important proof of your ability, because "learning" is one of the main tasks that students are supported to complete in school.
2. Stop weakening to some extent.
This is a step that most students will ignore. Many students like to skip the second step and reiterate their ideas directly when writing concession paragraphs, but this kind of writing will be far-fetched logically and rigid. Therefore, we should stop weakening when putting forward the opposing views. For example, after writing the above sentence, you should add: How, excellent grades can only prove students' intelligence, while emotional intelligence, to a great extent, is reflected in your relationship with others and plays an extremely important role in future career success.
3. reiterate my thoughts
This step is very important, because the concession section is only an episode, and what matters is my own concept. Don't forget my position after writing the concession paragraph, which means that the gains and losses are equal. Therefore, after writing the above two sentences, it is necessary to add a sentence. Here, I think it is more important to have a good relationship with others than to get high marks in school.
In the writing of concession paragraph, we should pay special attention to two points: 1 is the second weakening process, which can make the article look less abrupt and smoother. Second, we should also pay attention to the control of the number of words. The concession paragraph must not be written beyond the length of the previous paragraph, otherwise there will be suspicion of unclear concept.