In the process of vegetable planting, we should develop organic vegetable production, provide people with safe, high-quality and reliable vegetables, continuously meet people's demand for food safety, and finally realize the sustainable development and progress of agriculture in China. This is my academic paper on vegetable cultivation for your reference only!

Academic Paper on Vegetable Cultivation —— Production Technology of Organic Vegetables

The planting techniques of organic vegetables, including variety selection, production base requirements, fertilizer management, pest control techniques, etc., were expounded, which provided references for producing high-quality organic vegetable products.

Key words: organic vegetable variety selection production base requires fertilizer management, pest control.

China Library Classification Number: S4 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1674-098x (2013) 05 (c)-0135-01.

With the rapid development of urbanization in China since the beginning of the 20th century, it is estimated that the number of wealthy families in China will exceed 4.4 million by 20 15, which is second only to the United States, Japan and Britain. These families put forward higher requirements for the quantity, variety and quality of agricultural products such as vegetables. Food safety has become the enemy of people's health. Organic vegetables are more and more popular because of their less chemical residues and good quality and taste. According to the standards of organic production and the problems existing in organic vegetable production, the production technology of organic vegetables was summarized.

1 Selection of Special Varieties for Organic Vegetables

The first thing to pay attention to is to adapt to the local soil, climate characteristics and market demand; Secondly, it is forbidden to use pesticides and herbicides. Cultivation of organic vegetables. It is best to choose some kinds and varieties of vegetables that are resistant to pests and diseases. Thirdly, we should choose certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings, and prohibit the use of any genetically modified seeds. Finally, in the setting of vegetable varieties, we should collect as many varieties as possible to avoid the disadvantages brought by a single variety to production and sales.

2 organic vegetable field selection and soil preparation

2. 1 plot selection

Organic vegetable production base requires fertile soil, concentrated contiguous plots and complete plots, during which plots for conventional vegetable production shall not be mixed. The interval between organic plots and conventional plots should be more than 10 m, and rural roads, farmland forest nets or physical obstacles should be set as buffer zones to ensure that organic plots are not polluted. Generally, it takes two years to change from conventional production to organic production. The production base needs rich and high-quality irrigation water resources; At the same time, it is convenient for transportation and sales; The area is moderate, and rotation production can be carried out.

2.2 Crop changes

In order to create a good growth environment for the following crops after stubble cleaning, it is required to thoroughly clean up the fields, collect all plant residues and transport them out of the base for harmless treatment, or put them into the biogas digester nearby.

2.3 Soil preparation

The purpose of soil preparation after stubble replacement in general bases is to create a good topsoil structure and surface state, which is conducive to water storage and moisture conservation, coordinate the influence of water, nutrients, air, heat and other factors, improve soil fertility, and provide good conditions for sowing, crop growth and field management.

3 Fertilizer management

3. 1 fertilizer type

The production of organic vegetables requires higher disease, pest and weed control and fertilizer use than traditional vegetables. Permitted fertilizers mainly include: decomposed animal manure and residues, green manure, compost, marsh mud, decomposed cake fertilizer, plant ash, etc. Some minerals existing in nature, such as phosphate rock powder, potassium mineral powder and calcium chloride; In addition, there are organic fertilizers and some microbial fertilizers produced by some fertilizer plants certified by the state.

3.2 Harmless treatment of fertilizers

When using organic fertilizer prepared by retting or composting, it must be treated harmlessly 60 days before application. The main methods are as follows: first, mix the fertilizer with water, stir it evenly, pile it up and cover it with plastic film to fully decompose it; Second, give play to the role of biogas digesters and put organic fertilizer into biogas digesters for fermentation. Biogas slurry or biogas residue is a good organic fertilizer.

3.3 Fertilization methods

When using fertilizer on land, vegetable planting and fertilization should be carried out at the same time, and the dosage of plant fertilizer and animal fertilizer should be kept at 65,438+0: 65,438+0. Generally, 45,000 ~ 60,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare, and the organic special fertilizer15,000 kg is topdressing. In order to prevent the yield of organic vegetables from being affected by lack of fertilizer and element, the amount of organic fertilizer should be sufficient. Moreover, beneficial microorganisms in soil such as rhizobia can be used to accelerate the release and accumulation of nutrients and promote the effective utilization of nutrients by organic vegetables.

Two principles should be adhered to when applying fertilizer to organic vegetables that need topdressing: one is to apply sufficient base fertilizer, and 80% of the total amount of fertilizer is used as base fertilizer or evenly applied to the plough layer. According to the situation of the base, ditch should be dug before sowing or transplanting, and soil should be filled after fertilization; The second is to skillfully apply topdressing. Generally, there is a great demand for fertility in flowering period of vegetables, so topdressing should be carried out at this time. The application amount is 20% of the total fertilization amount.

Topdressing can be combined with watering, soil cultivation and other methods for soil topdressing and foliar topdressing. In the growing period, according to the needs of plant growth, bio-organic foliar fertilizer was selected and sprayed 2 ~ 3 times every 7 ~10 d.

4. Prevention and control techniques of diseases, pests and weeds in organic vegetables

The technical standard of organic food production is the criterion that must be followed in the whole process of organic vegetable production. That is, genetic engineering technology is not used to interfere in the production process, and synthetic substances such as chemical pesticides and growth regulators are not used at all, so the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds in organic vegetables will be a major technical problem. In production, we insist on? Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment? According to the principle, biological control, chemical control, physical control and agricultural control are mainly used to achieve the purpose of controlling diseases, pests and weeds.

4. 1 biological control

Biological control is a method to control plant pathogens, pests and weeds by using organisms and their metabolites. In agricultural activities, on the one hand, natural enemies of pests can be used to prey on and control pests, such as predatory mites, ladybugs, paederus nigripes and so on. On the other hand, insect pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and their metabolites can be used to control pests; In addition, microorganisms or their metabolites can be used to control plant pathogens; Finally, herbivorous insects and pathogenic bacteria parasitic on weeds can be used to control weeds.

4.2 chemical control

The special period of organic vegetable production can be coordinated with chemical control. First of all, lime water, stone sulfur mixture and Bordeaux mixture can be used to control diseases; Secondly, a small amount of copper preparations, plant extracts and vinegar can be used to prevent fungal diseases. Third, biological agents can be used to spread diseases.

4.3 Physical Prevention and Control

In the cultivation of organic vegetables, it is advocated to control pests by releasing parasitic predatory natural enemies (such as predatory mites, ladybugs and Trichogramma). The inherent phototaxis, taste and color stimulation of some insects can be used to carry out a large number of concentrated trapping or repelling, thus killing pests and protecting beneficial insects.

4.4 Agricultural control

In the agricultural production process of organic vegetables, farmers generally adjust and improve the growing environment of crops by selecting disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, so as to control, avoid or reduce the harm of diseases, insects and weeds. If agricultural control can be coordinated with biological, physical and chemical control, better results can be achieved.

refer to

Li, Li Zhanbin. Organic Vegetable Planting Technology [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 20 10(8).

Xu Chuangji, Ma,, et al. Protecting the environment and developing ecological agriculture [J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (1): 27-29,48.

[3] Dechun Zhang and Liu. Thoughts on certification and quality management of organic vegetables [J]. Vegetables in China, 2007 (6): 4-6.

Zou Hui, Liu Maifeng, Cao Qing, et al. Study on production technology of organic vegetables [J]. Vegetables in China, 2002 (5): 56-57.

The second part of the academic paper on vegetable cultivation is the cultivation technology of organic vegetables.

Abstract: With the continuous improvement of people's material living standards, people's requirements for food safety are getting higher and higher. In the process of vegetable planting, we should develop organic vegetable production, provide people with safe, high-quality and safe vegetables, and constantly meet people's demand for food safety, so as to finally realize the sustainable development and progress of agriculture in China. In this paper, the planting techniques in the process of organic vegetable planting are discussed and discussed, hoping that the research in this paper will be helpful to better carry out organic vegetable planting.

[Keywords:] organic vegetable cultivation techniques

[China Library Classification Number] S63 [Document Identification Number] A [Contribution Number]1003-1650 (2014) 07-0183-01

The development of modern agriculture has brought people more material wealth and civilization, but at the same time, in the process of agricultural production, the unreasonable use of chemical substances such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides has also brought serious threats to the environment and human health. In the process of agricultural development, the development strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and education, Scientific Outlook on Development's theory and viewpoint and sustainable development strategy were implemented, and finally the harmonious development and progress of agricultural ecology were realized. Based on this, organic vegetables were born. The organic vegetables mentioned here mainly mean that in the process of vegetable production, chemical synthetic pesticides and fertilizers are not used, and genetically modified organisms and products are not used as the main ways of organic vegetable cultivation. Instead, in the process of vegetable planting, we should follow the natural growth law and ecological principles, adopt sustainable agricultural technology, coordinate various balances in the process of vegetable planting, maintain the stability of agricultural ecosystem, and issue organic vegetable certificates to them after being certified by professional evaluation institutions.

First, the choice of varieties.

In the early stage of planting organic vegetables, you can choose the conventional method without the treatment of prohibited substances. In the process of planting production, according to the previous planting experience, we should choose suitable plots and suitable climatic environment for planting, and ensure that the planted vegetables are resistant to pests.

Second, make an organic vegetable rotation plan.

Rotation technology refers to a form of multiple cropping in which different kinds of vegetables and different types of crops are planted on the same land in a planned way. In the process of planting organic vegetables, crop rotation is one of the key problems to be solved first. Only by comprehensively and effectively solving this problem can we completely get rid of the excessive dependence on pesticides in agricultural production, so crop rotation is the most basic requirement and characteristic in the process of organically cultivated vegetables planting.

Whether it is soil fertility or pest control, crop rotation technology is the first. In the production process, crop rotation technology can effectively utilize various nutrient elements in soil, effectively combine agricultural land with cultivated land, continuously improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the biodiversity of soil, and gradually improve soil fertility and soil environment. Secondly, crop rotation can greatly improve and reduce the threat of various pests and diseases caused by continuous cropping; Thirdly, reasonable rotation will worsen food conditions, reduce hosts and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Finally, in the process of planting, reasonable rotation technology can also promote the activities of microorganisms resistant to pathogenic bacteria in the soil to a certain extent, thus effectively inhibiting the breeding and development of pathogenic bacteria.

Third, clean the land.

The clean-up mentioned here is mainly a comprehensive clean-up and thorough ploughing of the land environment. In the process of vegetable growth, weeds, diseased leaves and diseased fruits should be pulled out in time. After the harvest of crops, the pests and diseases should be thoroughly cleaned up, and the rotten branches and leaves in the field should be transported out of the field for centralized destruction or deep burial to keep the field hygienic. This can greatly reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and has a positive effect on reducing the survival of pests.

Fourth, supporting cultivation techniques.

In the process of planting organic vegetables, through cultivating strong seedlings, ridge cultivation, straw mulching, fertilizer regulation and reasonable pruning, plants can make full use of sunlight and nutrients in the soil to achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the use of fertilizer

Before using fertilizer, it is necessary to comprehensively measure soil fertility and use fertilizer according to local conditions. In the process of fertilizing organic vegetables, the use of organic fertilizer is advocated, and the use of chemical fertilizer is not emphasized. In the production process, the demonstration field should strictly abide by the operating rules, and a small amount of mineral fertilizer can be used. For example: potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, etc. In the process of choosing organic fertilizer, we must choose certified, fully fermented and degradable decomposed organic fertilizer. In the process of fertilization, compost should be used to eliminate and degrade chemical pesticides, chemicals, eggs and other substances that may exist in compost. Composting time is generally maintained at about 3 months, which can ensure effective fermentation, thus ensuring that the fertilizer meets the requirements of vegetable planting. In the process of using fertilizer, the main methods of use include the following. First, we should control the amount of fertilization. In the process of fertilization, the amount of organic fertilizer should be sufficient. Under normal circumstances, about 45 ~ 60 tons of organic fertilizer can be applied per mu; Secondly, applying base fertilizer, using about 80% of the total amount of fertilizer as base fertilizer, and combining with deep tillage treatment of the land, uniformly mixing the fertilizer in the soil to ensure the nutrients needed for plant growth; Finally, topdressing should be reasonable. After the vegetables grow to 3-4 leaves, you can furrow or open holes for fertilization and water them in time.

Six, pest control

First of all, limestone, sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, vinegar and potassium permanganate are mainly used to control diseases in the process of organic vegetable planting. At the same time, the mixture of baking soda and vegetable oil can control powdery mildew, which can have a good control effect. Third, control pests. It is advocated to control pests and diseases by releasing parasitic and predatory natural enemies. In the process of pest control, botanical insecticide is used for pest control, and inducers and instruments can also be used for key pest control.

label

Developing organic vegetable production can realize the harmonious development of agriculture and ecology and provide more high-quality, safe and nutritious vegetable products for human beings. It is a project that benefits the people, and it has extensive popularization value and strong vitality in the process of agricultural development.

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Yu Changshui, Zhou Tianhao, Li Jing,. Planting techniques of organic red pepper in Yongle Town, Zunyi County [J]. Tillage cultivation .2013 (01).

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Wang Weiping, Zhu Fengxiang, Chen Xiao, Hong Chunlai, Wu Chuanzhen, Xue Zhiyong. Fertilization technology and waste treatment of organic vegetable cultivation soil [J]. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences.2010 (03)