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3000 words of freshman management thesis on construction project management of building engineering.
Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of the real estate industry, the construction technology of building engineering has become more and more complicated, so the project management of building engineering has become more and more important. Successful construction project management can not only bring good economic benefits to projects and project enterprises, but also bring good social benefits to the country.
Keywords: construction engineering; project management
1. Overview of construction project management of architectural engineering
Construction projects are aimed at specific buildings, construction areas or independent unit projects. Construction project management is a dynamic and step-by-step management based on the size of the project. It is the whole process management from construction to turnkey and return visit service. The core of construction project management is to adhere to total quality management and whole process management. Its purpose is the dialectical unity of quality, construction period and cost. Cost and schedule constraints are the main objectives of project management. In the past, it was managed separately, and there was no close connection between them, which brought many reasons. For example, when the project reaches a certain stage, the cumulative cost is equivalent to the cumulative planned budget cost, but the actual physical quantity (progress) has not reached the planned quantity. When the project budget has been exceeded and there are still remaining quantities to be completed, it is necessary to increase more expenses to complete the project. At this time, it is too late to plan to complete the project within the budget for cost control. This shows that the comparison between the accumulated actual cost and the accumulated budget cost can only explain one aspect, and can not truly reflect the cost constraints of the project. The main characteristics of construction project management are: first, the construction project manager is a construction enterprise; Second, there is a time limit for construction project management; Thirdly, the content of construction project management changes with the stages and requirements; Fourth, construction project management requires strengthening organization and coordination.
2. The causes of construction project management
2. 1 The construction quality is not high.
The construction quality of building projects not only affects the normal use of buildings, but also concerns the safety of people's lives and property. In the reality of frequent serious accidents, the construction quality of construction projects has become a common concern of all parties in the whole society.
2.2 contract management is not standardized
Because the construction market in China is immature, even if the contract conditions exist? Unequal clause? Construction enterprises will also accept that enterprises often affect the quality of projects for profit; Breach of contract is serious. During the construction process, the contractor needs to temporarily modify the contract terms, which seriously affects the market order of engineering construction. Lack of standardized contract management and weak legal awareness of contract managers increase the legal risks of enterprises.
2.2 The quality of project managers is low.
Compared with western countries, the systematic research and industrial practice of project management in China started late, and the environment for training project managers was relatively backward, which led to the low quality of project managers and inadequate construction management. In the past, the training and qualification identification of project managers in China were mostly concentrated on the level of contractor engineers, while the training, assessment and qualification evaluation of project managers in the owner's side were still relatively weak. Moreover, the construction unit has violated the rules in bidding. Construction units often employ highly qualified project managers to bid. Once the project wins the bid, it will be subcontracted to other project managers. Some project managers are not even qualified, and the project manager himself is not in place, or does not go to war, thus causing the project manager to have no understanding of the project.
3. Measures to strengthen the management of construction projects
For real estate construction, the construction management mode can take different forms, but the purpose is the same, that is, to complete high-quality engineering projects with the fastest speed and reasonable cost. In order to achieve this goal, good project management must play an important role in construction quality, progress and cost constraints, that is, through measures such as construction qualification verification, bidding, on-site construction inspection (including material quality, construction technology and procedures, accuracy and safety, etc.), supervision by supervision units, and orderly payment of project funds. In view of the outstanding reasons of modern construction project management in China, we should make breakthroughs in the following aspects:
3. 1 Implement the project management responsibility system
Construction projects are usually large in scale, with many sub-projects or single projects, and construction management and contract management are often difficult. On the basis of refining the main body, we should further simplify the production relations, reduce the management level, and change pyramid management into flat management. Specifically. It is to establish a comprehensive index assessment responsibility system between the enterprise legal person and the project manager, including full staff management, price separation, index assessment, project accounting, ensuring payment, intensive efficiency improvement and excess reward. Scientific management of the project management department, macro-control mechanism at the company level, product quality improvement and safety monitoring mechanism are in place, ensuring the coordinated and orderly implementation of the project. Enterprises should use perfect market mechanism, employment mechanism, distribution mechanism, service mechanism and supervision mechanism to ensure the implementation of project manager responsibility system.
3.2 Improve the professional level and comprehensive quality of the project manager.
The quality of construction projects is closely related to the technical level and quality of project managers. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the technical training of construction managers and improve their professional level; On the other hand, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of professional quality and professional ethics of project managers. The practical experience of developed countries proves that it is very important to cultivate the comprehensive quality of project managers, while the training of project managers in China is relatively weak in environment and strength. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of project management talents in China, we should often carry out exchanges and discussions on project management disciplines at home and abroad. Colleges and universities should set up disciplines, master's and doctoral programs, and cultivate a group of high-quality project management talents with strong professional knowledge, understanding of economy, understanding of law, good management and proficiency in computers and foreign languages. In addition, standardize project management training and qualification identification.
3.3 Strengthen cost management and quality control
The core of project management is cost management, and the responsibility system and operation mechanism of cost management must be established and improved. We should establish the concept of low cost, high quality and high efficiency. Taking enterprises as the core of cost control. From the project manager, technical director to the site administrator, we should implement the responsibility of cost management, clarify the responsibility, and know what the content of our management is, what constraints we should achieve and how to constrain it. The project cost accounting system is also an important aspect of cost management constraints, and it is necessary to adhere to the principle that enterprises take profits as the center and projects take costs as the center. Reasonable division of responsibilities and rights between enterprises and projects, project accounting system should adhere to separate accounting for each project, implement responsibility accounting system, strengthen effective cost control, strengthen project cost prediction, apply the principle of value engineering to cost analysis, and scientifically reduce project cost. If an enterprise wants to be in an invincible position in the competition, it must correctly handle the relationship between cost and quality, scale, scheme, design, prediction and decision-making, and realize the best combination of the above factors and the best benefit of cost management.
3.4 Improve the relevant laws and regulations of project management.
At present, China's construction market is chaotic, and its daily management is extremely irregular, with laws to follow, laws not to be obeyed and lax enforcement. In order to strictly regulate and rectify the construction market, we must implement the relevant policies of the state and establish and improve various laws, regulations and systems for the management of the construction market. The categories are complete and support each other to avoid overlapping, omission or vacancy. At the same time, government departments should also give full play to and use the means of laws and regulations to cultivate and develop China's construction market system, and ensure that all activities of construction projects from pre-planning, survey and design, project contracting, construction to completion are brought into the legal track, so that there are laws to follow, law enforcement must be strict, and offenders will be prosecuted.
3.5 Establish an appropriate incentive and restraint mechanism
3.5. 1 Implement strict audit supervision system.
On the basis of feasible management methods, sound organizational system and clear tasks and responsibilities, we will focus on auditing the projects under construction, completion and subcontracting, auditing the annual and final accounts of projects with large scale and long construction period, and auditing the transfer of project managers and the disintegration of project departments. The key point is to do a good job in auditing major reasons such as business responsibility and effect, legitimacy of business activities, and financial discipline.
3.5.2 Do a good job in organizational supervision of the Party and democratic supervision of workers.
The project department must uphold and maintain the collective leadership of the party, adhere to the principle of democratic centralism, and implement the system of collective discussion of major reasons, notification of important work and instructions for major reasons in accordance with the requirements of party spirit. The project manager does not make personal decisions. Adhere to the principle of relying on the masses of workers to run the project well, promote the openness of project affairs, enhance the transparency of project management, and give full play to the role of democratic supervision of workers.
4. Concluding remarks
In recent years, the rapid economic development in China has promoted the vigorous development of the real estate industry, but it has also brought fierce competition to the real estate industry and the construction industry. If real estate development enterprises want to survive in the competition, they must gain a sustainable competitive advantage. This requires real estate developers to standardize the project management of construction projects, take excellent human resources as the foundation, innovative construction technology as the support, take advanced management mode as the core, effectively restrain the planning and design, planning and operation, construction and property management stages, take operating costs, project progress and project quality as the principles, constantly improve their operations, enhance the competitive strength of enterprises, and take customer satisfaction as the standard to continuously provide them with high-quality products and services.
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