① william morris (Charles William Morris, 190 1? American philosopher, one of the founders of modern "symbol learning". His major works include Logical Positivism, Pragmatism and Scientific Empiricism, Fundamentals of Symbol Theory, Symbol, Language and Behavior, Various Values of Human Beings, Meaning and Meaning, etc. He combined pragmatism with logical positivism, put forward "scientific empiricism" and founded the representation of numbers. Morris made a broad understanding of reference symbols, describing them as everything that refers to something, including not only the reference symbols in language, but also the non-verbal reference symbols. Numbering is a general theory about numbering and its application, taking the numbering process as the research object. Numerology can be divided into three types: pure type, descriptive type and applied type. Symbols include three kinds of relationships: the relationship between symbols and objects, the relationship between symbols and people, and the relationship between symbols, which belong to semantics, pragmatics and morphology respectively. Numbering is the generalization of three disciplines and the "meta-science" of all sciences. Symbol consists of two aspects: form and meaning, and has four types or ways of meaning: positioning, referring, evaluating and designating symbols. He further matched the way of meaning with four usages (informing, pricing, encouraging and system) and pointed out sixteen discourse fields of symbols, among which poetry was classified as "evaluation" (method) and "pricing" (usage). He pointed out that the aesthetic application of road signs is different from other applications. Those methods that can improve scientific clarity will weaken the possibility of aesthetic application of road signs. Assertion aesthetics studies image symbols that point to value. It is a subject about symbols composed of morphological, semantic and pragmatic components, and the differences between these components provide the basis for aesthetic criticism.
(2) william morris (1834— 1896) was a pre-Raphael painter, handicraft artist and designer in England.
William morris (1834— 1896) is a household name in Britain. For many British people, he may be the only designer that people can get rid of. [1l (Dan) However, this designer has his unique personality: he wants to design the whole world, and he wants to use traditional methods. (p) His core idea is what Engels called "emotional socialism".
Although Morris is a painter, he is mainly devoted to arts and crafts, making exquisite carpets with Edward Burne Jones's drawings, and painting glass, pottery, furniture, book binding and so on. In addition to these jobs, it cannot be forgotten that he participated in the "beautiful socialist movement" centered on Ruskin. It is said that "the contradiction of modern society and the ugliness of life are the inevitable results of the excessive prosperity of mechanical civilization and material civilization", and we should give people beautiful and artistic things because of material civilization. When people's hearts are nourished, social problems will naturally be solved. Therefore, daily household appliances, furniture, clothes, etc. We must make it cheap and exquisite, so arts and crafts have become an important aspect. The critic Edward Carpenter, the poet Keats and the playwright Wilde all took part in the movement, trying to publicize it throughout Europe.
Morris was born in a wealthy family in Essex on March 24th, 834. /kloc-when he was 0/7 years old, he went with his mother to visit the "Crystal Palace" international industrial exposition held in Hyde Park, London 185 1 year. On the one hand, the Expo fully demonstrated the achievements of industrial development in Europe and America, on the other hand, it also exposed various problems in industrial design, which stimulated the design reform from the opposite side. The architecture of the World Expo-"Crystal Palace" is the pioneer of modern architecture in the 20th century. However, the contents exhibited in "Crystal Palace" (Figure 2) are in sharp contrast with its buildings, reflecting a general enthusiasm for decoration, ignoring any basic design principles, and its abuse of decoration even exceeds that of goods produced for the market. Morris was disgusted with the exhibits exhibited at that time, which was closely related to his efforts to crack down on fake and inferior industrial products in the future.
William morris, an Englishman, was determined to follow God's work, but eventually took art and design as his lifelong career. He died on June 3, 1996 at the age of 62. Because of his original choice, the world lost a priest who may not be known, but gained a great forerunner of modern design who will always be admired by future generations.
William morris, the founder of the British Arts and Crafts Movement. It is an important design pioneer to truly realize john ross King's thought. Is a major member of the Raphael school. The pre-Raphael school advocated returning to the tradition of the Middle Ages, the tradition of handicrafts, and the purpose of design was honest art.
Strictly speaking, Morris is not the founder of modern design;
Because the focus of his exploration just denies the center on which modern design depends-industrialization and mechanized production. His aim is to revive old styles, especially medieval and Gothic styles. On the one hand, he denied the style of mechanized industrialization, on the other hand, he denied the Victorian style of excessive decoration. He believes that only Gothic and medieval architecture, furniture, articles, books, carpets and other designs are "honest" designs. Other design styles are artificial, if not ugly. But should be denied and overthrown. Only by reviving Gothic style and medieval guild spirit can we save the design and preserve its nationality, folk character and high taste. For him, both classical and modern styles are unacceptable, and the only sources that can be relied on are the Middle Ages, Gothic and Naturalism. He emphasized the combination of practicality and aesthetics, but for him, how to achieve this goal still depends on handicrafts and simple Gothic and naturalistic decoration. So his limitations prevented him from becoming the founder of truly modern design.
He repeatedly emphasized two basic principles of design, namely
1, product design and architectural design are for thousands of people in Qian Qian, not for a few activities;
2, design work must be a collective activity, rather than individual labor.
These two principles were carried forward in the later modernist design.
The "Red House" has achieved great success. It not only takes functional requirements as the primary consideration, but also absorbs some details of the British medieval style, especially Gothic style, so as to get rid of the complex architectural features of the Victorian era. At the same time, Morris designed the interior, furniture and so on of the whole building from a unified plan. The completion of the "Red House" has aroused widespread interest and praise in the design field, and made Morris feel the public's extensive demand for good design and design. He hopes to provide design services for the public, provide really good design for the society, change the popular artificial way in design, oppose the monopoly of Victorian style and resist the fierce industrial style.