"Students are the main body of learning" is a teaching principle that teachers generally understand. But it has not been well implemented in education and teaching. Facing the new curriculum, we must keep in mind what Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: "The responsibility of teachers is not to teach, but to teach students to learn." It is necessary to change the habit of letting students follow behind and guide students to learn independently. The main battlefield of students' learning is the classroom, and classroom teaching is a bilateral activity process. Only by creating a strong autonomous learning atmosphere, arousing students' subjective consciousness and stimulating students' learning needs can we really mobilize students' learning potential, conduct autonomous learning and truly become the masters of classroom learning. First, create a reasonable situation to make students willing to learn. In classroom teaching, creating situations reasonably can not only stimulate students' interest in learning, help students understand the contents of textbooks, deepen their impressions and improve teaching efficiency, but also awaken all students' cognitive systems, expand their thinking and become the masters of learning. For example, in the teaching of "encounter problem", students are first required to understand the meaning of "encounter problem" and form the view that two objects move; The second is to ask students to learn to analyze and understand the quantitative relationship of "problems encountered" and master the ideas and methods of solving problems. I used to study the motion of one object, but now there are two objects in motion. Some students ignore the meaning of terms in solving problems, such as two places, simultaneous, relative, meeting, etc., so they don't know the meaning in solving geography problems very clearly, which leads to learning difficulties. When I was teaching, I created a dynamic picture with the help of multimedia technology: first, the whole process of two cars starting from two places at the same time, then the two cars moving towards each other until they met, and by means of flashing and sounding, the movement process was changed from "static" to "dynamic" in time, so that students could fully understand the meaning of "two places meeting at the same time" and clear the way for learning calculation methods later. With the help of modern information technology, the realistic situation of "meeting topics" is vividly, vividly and scientifically virtualized by computer, and the abstract is concrete, and the static is dynamic, so as to create a good learning atmosphere, arouse students' curiosity, make them fully prepared to participate in new curriculum learning activities, and sincerely want to learn and master new knowledge with teachers and classmates. 2. Inducing students' thinking and making them enjoy learning mathematics is the gymnastics of thinking, and thinking is the core of intelligence. "Mathematics teaching in primary schools should enable students to gain knowledge and wisdom," said Spencer, a British educator. "Children should be guided to explore and reason by themselves. We should tell them as little as possible and guide them to discover as much as possible. Therefore, in the process of mathematics teaching, teachers should make use of the laws and attractive mysteries of mathematics itself to better induce students' thinking, help students build cognitive structure, improve students' comprehensive problem-solving ability as a whole, and let students enjoy learning. For example, when I calculate the teaching area, I inspire students to realize that the area calculation formulas of plane graphics are all derived from the rectangular area calculation method; Square is a special case of rectangle; The parallelogram is transformed into rectangle by cutting and filling method, and the area calculation formula is derived. The triangle and trapezoid are combined into a parallelogram, and the area calculation formula is derived. Instruct students to think in these key places, systematize the knowledge of area calculation, which not only communicates the internal relationship between areas, clears up ideas, but also permeates mathematical ideas such as translation and transformation, develops students' thinking and improves their self-learning ability. When teaching "the area of a circle", students are required to explore the formula for calculating the area of a circle through the experiment of "turning a circle into a square" and put forward the exploration question of "how to calculate the area of a circle", so that students' thinking can be focused on the area. Then, by using teaching methods such as group discussion, experimental operation and observation, students' attention can be focused on "the area remains unchanged" and the relationship between the circumference and radius of a circle and the length and width of a rectangle can be noticed. In the whole process, teachers are in the leading position and students are in the main position, which reflects the value of education and teaching. Thirdly, self-evaluation analysis makes students' learning and teaching evaluation an important part of classroom teaching. Teachers should encourage students' feedback and self-evaluation, and carry out mutual evaluation among students. For example, "Does this classmate's topic meet the requirements?" "Why doesn't it meet the requirements?" So how should we change it? "Which of these answers is the most reasonable?" ..... Through mutual feedback and evaluation, students learn to evaluate others and themselves, because when evaluating others, students must first make their own judgments and find out where they are inconsistent or wrong. In the process of evaluation, students change from learning to learning. For example, when teaching addition formula: 6+6+6+4 is added, it is required to be rewritten as multiplication formula. Results Most students did (1)6*4+4 (2)6*5-2, but one unexpected student did 7*4. I warmly praised his bold innovation, and my classmates immediately opposed it. In this way, students unconsciously participated in the debate. At this time, the whole class's learning enthusiasm and classroom atmosphere are warm and active. I instruct students to evaluate these formulas in time. Which formula is correct? Which is the easiest? Organize students to discuss and communicate in groups, take students as the leading factor, and let students' thinking form a situation of mutual agitation. In this way, in a democratic and harmonious atmosphere, students' psychological pressure can be relieved, their self-esteem can be fully respected, their personal strengths can be effectively brought into play and their creative thinking can be fully developed. They can not only actively learn mathematics knowledge, but also be good at solving problems by using what they have learned, which has the effect of drawing inferences from others and is rich in independence. Four, hierarchical guidance training, so that students are good at learning. Because students in a class have different learning ability and cognitive level, teachers should consider the different characteristics of students, conduct hierarchical training and guidance, and mobilize the enthusiasm of all students as much as possible, so that outstanding students can "eat well" and underachievers can "eat" fully. According to the students' actual situation and learning ability, I divide the students into three levels: upper, middle and lower, and the number ratio is 1: 2: 1. The front and rear seats are proportionately combined into a four-person study group. According to the content of teaching materials and the requirements of teaching syllabus, the learning objectives of students at all levels are determined respectively. The teaching organization form is the whole class teaching, combining hierarchical teaching with individual guidance, and adopting various teaching methods and means to enable students at all levels to learn, develop and forge ahead independently in the nearby development zone. For example, when teaching "division with remainder", I thought of such a question: There are 50 oranges in the basket, and (1) are distributed to 8 students on average. How much is each and how much is more? (2) For an average of nine students, how much should I add at least? (3) If you take a few, you can give them to seven students equally. There are three problems in this problem, which can be practiced in layers: students with learning difficulties do 1 problem; Middle school students do the second question; Top students do the third question. Encourage several adjacent students to discuss, through the study of problems, so that students at all levels can inspire each other, promote thinking, improve the ability of analyzing and solving problems, and make each student gradually learn to learn and be good at learning. And with the enhancement of enterprising consciousness, it will continue to advance to a higher level. Teaching practice has proved that students have a strong desire for autonomous learning and great potential for active development. They need to control the classroom and their autonomous learning ability needs to be cultivated and improved. As long as teachers fully trust and respect students, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm as the premise, focus on teaching students learning methods, promote students' intelligence improvement as the core, treat students as the masters of classroom and learning, and give them enough time to read, ask questions, operate, observe, think, discuss, practice and evaluate, students can gradually form the basic quality with strong regenerative ability, so as to learn more actively.