1. Instructional design
(1) Analysis of Teaching Object
The purpose of teaching object analysis is to understand learners' learning preparation and learning style, provide basis for the selection and organization of learning content, the definition of learning objectives and the choice of teaching strategies, and make the website truly meet learners' needs.
The analysis of learners' readiness includes three parts. First, the general characteristics of learners, including age, gender, education level, cognitive level, life experience, learning motivation, etc. Second, learners' attitude towards the learning content and the relevant knowledge and skills they have mastered; The third is the ability of learners to use computers and networks.
Learners' learning style also has a great influence on the website. In order to truly realize personalized teaching in online education, it is necessary to analyze learners' learning styles. For example, some students like logical and orderly teaching organization, and programmed teaching and step-by-step guidance are what they like; Some students like to draw conclusions from exploration experiments, and a little guidance and trial and error are their favorite; Some students are good at grasping the relationship between knowledge and like to grasp knowledge as a whole, so structured teaching will appeal to them; Some students are good at logical thinking, and their knowledge with tight thrust and strong logic is more popular with them. This website is aimed at all kinds of people. Only by knowing your favorite style can the website meet the needs of people at different levels.
(2) Analysis of teaching content
Teaching content is the soul of education website, and learners can learn the teaching content by browsing and downloading, so as to achieve the teaching purpose of teachers. According to the theory of distance education, the content of online teaching is "non-contact communication language", which is one of the important means for students to acquire knowledge. Therefore, the quality of content directly affects the teaching effect of network teaching.
The determination of teaching content should be based on the content and syllabus of the whole subject. Through the analysis of the teaching syllabus, we can understand the basic requirements of the teaching purpose, task, content, scope, depth, system and teaching methods of this subject, and deeply grasp the teaching content. Next, the textbook is analyzed to understand all its contents and organizational structure. Doing so can not only provide suitable materials for developing websites, but also combine physical knowledge and rely on the characteristics of the network to cultivate students' methods, abilities and interests. 3) Teaching content organization
Traditional teaching content, such as text textbooks, has a linear information organization structure, that is, the information content is arranged in a single order. However, human memory is a network structure, and associative retrieval will inevitably lead to different cognitive paths. Hypertext uses a nonlinear network structure similar to human associative memory structure to organize information.
First of all, we divide a course into several learning units according to the content, and the content of each unit should be concentrated and appropriate. Through these units, we try to cover all the contents of a course. Units are related to each other according to certain clues, and some units establish jump relations based on a certain keyword. Learners can freely enter and exit the learning content through the relationship between units and many set keywords.
At present, the content organization structure of the website has tree structure and mesh structure.
Linear structure
Dendritic structure
net structure
(4) Teaching strategies
Teaching strategy design includes teaching process design and students' autonomous participatory learning design. This content will be explained in detail in the next chapter.
(5) Learning evaluation
Learning evaluation includes self-evaluation, collective evaluation and teacher evaluation. This part will be introduced in detail in the next chapter.
2. Website structure design
The website is rich in information, and all kinds of teaching information it contains form a complex network according to the structure of hypertext and hypermedia. If a large number of information resources are not properly arranged and navigated, learners will often get lost in the learning process, which will bring great inconvenience to readers. Therefore, a reasonable website structure can guide students to study effectively and improve learning efficiency. The structural design of the website includes two aspects: hyperlink design and navigation design.
(1) hyperlink design
First of all, let me briefly talk about hypertext and hypermedia.
Hypertext embeds optional reference items in the text; Hypermedia is a reference item that contains non-text sound and graphics in hypertext system. Hypertext hypermedia system can organize and display information resources out of order.
The reference mentioned above is a hyperlink, which is a pointer to another document embedded in one document. Users can open another document immediately by clicking this hyperlink with the mouse. Hyperlinks seamlessly connect some related contents, allowing students to "jump" freely from one article to another when consulting materials.
(2) Navigation design
A large number of hyperlink designs make the website form a complex network structure. How to make students not "get lost" in the process of browsing the web, navigation is very important as a guiding means.
This website is guided by a navigation bar. The website * * * has 12 columns, and each column has a navigation bar similar to the one below. Students can clearly understand their position in the whole network through the navigation bar. Moreover, with it, students can jump freely from one column to another.