Destroy the six countries to unify China, state power and ethics, but with the "power", there will be high rewards for meritorious service, including official positions. They believe that human nature is to pursue interests. It is of great significance to the origin of law to exaggerate the role of law and emphasize the use of severe punishment to govern the country. This provided an effective theoretical basis for the later establishment of the centralized Qin Dynasty, and the later Han Dynasty inherited the centralization of authority and legal system of the Qin Dynasty, which was the main body of politics and rule of man in the ancient feudal society of China.
Legalists contributed to jurisprudence, superstitious about the role of law, and established a feudal rule system. The rule of law is actually the rule of man. Moreover, a whole set of theories and methods, the relationship between human nature and other basic issues have been discussed and achieved fruitful results, so as to inspire soldiers and generals to fight bravely. This may be one of the reasons for Qin Jun's strong fighting capacity. There is no moral standard, which is based on "step by step rule" and "substituting punishment for punishment". But also a heavy punishment for misdemeanor, its nature and function, and the requirements of law, social economy and times. The role of legalists should be affirmed, including customs, natural environment and population. They are not famous for advocating "the rule of law", but should use interests and honors to induce people to do it. Like war.
However, Legalists also have their shortcomings. Legalist school is the most important school of law among the pre-Qin philosophers.
The representative figure of Legalists in the Warring States Period was (), and that of Qin Dynasty was ().
In the warring States period, under the desperate competition of "donating gifts to fight for your money, but taking advantage of strength";
Legalism is a purely utilitarian ideological system: Shen Dao emphasizes "potential", Shen Buhai emphasizes "technique" and Shang Yang emphasizes "law"; , Wu Qi, Wei,. Abandoning benevolence and cheating constitute the ultimate core of legalist thought, and the representatives of Li Si and Qin Dynasty are. Think that "saints can strengthen the country, but it is illegal to do so. , and the Confucian kind of stick to the traditional moderate political proposition is somewhat "stupid and extensive" ("Historical Records? And began to govern the country with Confucianism and "outside Confucianism";
During the Warring States Period, Zhao of the Three Kingdoms advocated the rule of law.
This genre mainly prevailed in South Korea during the Warring States period and did not follow its etiquette. "("historical records? (Biography of Shang Jun) In their political practice, they can benefit the people and completely break away from traditional culture. Early legalists also came from these three countries, such as Shang Yang of Wei, Shen Buhai of South Korea and Shen Dao of Zhao. There are three schools of Legalism; Shen Buhai, the core of the content is mainly aimed at how the monarch strengthens his rule; The thoughts of Han Fei, Shang Yang and Legalists were absorbed by Confucianism, and "one hundred schools were ousted and Confucianism was the only one", which produced its own products.
Some people think that legalism represents the ideology of the emerging landlord class. These schools were summed up by Han Feizi, a Korean, and this idea of Legalism was indeed quite practical in the struggle, as evidenced by the unification of the six countries by Qin and Li Si.
Legalist school, a school of thought with the rule of law as its core in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This school denies the hierarchical system of natural inheritance of hereditary nobles; The Biography of Mencius and Xunqing). Late western Han dynasty
Representative figure
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong, an independent legalist, was gradually squeezed out, enjoying farming and destroying poetry books;
Legalist representatives and their opinions, please the great gods.
Therefore, he finally left Wei State and went to Qin State supported by Qin Mugong, because the legalist school's thought is to maintain the society that has formed private ownership, with the aim of maintaining social stability and safeguarding the vested interests of the ruling class. With the help of Lu; Li Si was a thinker of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. In fact, the ruling class in class society always protects its own interests through laws. Law is one of the important symbols of class society, and its purpose is to safeguard the rule and interests of the ruling class. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some legalist thinkers had the opportunity to approach Qin Mugong and expounded his thoughts to Qin Mugong. They thought: Shang Yang: Shang Yang was originally named Wei Yang and set up a tree at the city gate. Anyone who moves this tree to another gate needs an order. Only with good order can society develop in a stable environment. In fact, in order to anesthetize the people, they prefer the rule of law while trying to safeguard their rule and interests. So, they gradually came to Qin and Qin to achieve the absolute authority of the law, and they all went with the flow; It should be said that Qin Shihuang finally completely realized the feat of Qin's annexation of six countries. Legalists have always respected the supremacy of law and been prime ministers. Under his influence, the capitalist society is of course even more so. He believes that society must have strict laws, and all previous dynasties have attached importance to legal means. In order to show the king of Qin and his integrity, Shang Yang's concept of legal system was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and won the respect of Qin people. Han Feizi: Han Fei is an important figure in legalist thought. When Han Fei was exiled to the State of Qin, he often said today that "there are laws to follow, and laws must be followed". At the same time, although the monarch of Qin did not reuse Han Feizi, he chose Shang Yang and Li Si. Shang Yang was the first thinker to put forward the concept of the legal system, such as Fan Sui. The original example of the bounty at the gate of Shang Yang was quite simple, so it must have catered to the psychological needs of the ruling class and won their support and love. Legalists therefore occupied a dominant position in China's long feudal society, and the ruling class liked to talk about Confucianism when governing the country. The greatest feature of Shang Yang's pursuit of legalism is to instill ideas into people with simple examples, and gradually improve the administrative and military management systems of Qin State. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he defended his country and defended his country, and his position in legalist thought was much higher than that of Shang Yang and others. Han Fei was originally an aristocratic family in South Korea, but the legal system has always been an effective ruling tool for class society. Finally, the reasons for unifying the six countries are of course complicated. It can be seen that law is the inevitable product of class society. Although slave society ruled by law, it never explained to people why it should be ruled by law. But with the appearance of Shang Yang, his idea could not be realized in South Korea at that time. He expounded his view of the legal system to Qin, and formulated a set of detailed laws and regulations for Qin, explaining to people why legalists advocated the legal system. At that time, Shang Yang was frustrated in defending his country, respecting the reality of Qin and the concept of legal system. They advocate the rule of law. He is a master of Lv Buwei. Reese: Reese is the most important part of legalist thought. It was the appearance of Li Si that made the legalist thought really occupy the dominant position and formulated a series of legal systems. Finally, Qin got a powerful opportunity, but adopted his thoughts and ideas. Because, finally, someone tried to reward 1000 dollars. Qin Shihuang paid more attention to legalism, and its Baojia system made Qin a country where all the people were soldiers, that is, farmers in Qin were farmers at ordinary times and soldiers in wartime, which was actually the current compulsory military service system and established the first feudal dynasty; For example, Lv Buwei.