Zhu Kezhen, 1890 was born in Dongguan Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province on March 7th. As a child, Zhu Kezhen received a good family education. 19 10, Zhu Kezhen was qualified to study in the United States with excellent results. When choosing a major, he considered the importance of agriculture and chose to study agriculture at the College of Agriculture of Illinois State University.
In the process of studying, he felt that meteorology had a great influence on the development of agriculture, but in China at that time, meteorology was still blank, so after graduating from the Agricultural College, he came to Harvard University to specialize in meteorology.
During his stay in the United States, Zhu Kezhen studied very hard and was very concerned about the situation in the motherland. He carefully read all the reports about the motherland in the newspapers and recorded the meteorological and natural disasters one by one. When he saw that typhoons, droughts and floods had brought great losses to the people of the motherland, he felt very sad and felt his responsibility was very great. He is determined to study the rainfall and rainstorm in China, carefully collect and sort out relevant information, and make in-depth analysis and thinking. 19 16 published the first meteorological paper: Rainfall and Storm in China. 19 18, Zhu Kezhen received his doctorate from Harvard University with his thesis "Some New Facts of Typhoon Center".
After receiving his doctorate, Zhu Kezhen returned to the motherland hopefully. However, what greeted him was the decline of warlord melee, and the meteorological reasons were almost zero. Zhu Kezhen is not discouraged in the face of difficulties. 192 1 taught in southeast university and led students to establish the first weather station in China in the southeast corner of the campus. Subsequently, he established more than 40 weather stations and 100 rainfall observation points all over the country, and established a large-scale meteorological observation network, which laid the foundation for China's modern meteorological cause.
From 65438 to 0925, Zhu Kezhen served as the director of the National Meteorological Institute. At that time, the Institute of Meteorology was located in the Arctic Pavilion in Nanjing, and the conditions were very simple. After Zhu Kezhen came here, he built a meteorological observatory himself. No matter whether it is cold or hot, windy or rainy, he always insists on field observation and data recording on the front line.
In addition, Zhu Kezhen also released high-altitude balloons for observation 160 times, finally mastered some laws of weather in Nanjing, and wrote a paper entitled "Wind direction and weather forecast at 3000m in Nanjing".
Zhu Kezhen also attached great importance to the observation and study of phenology. In the long-term observation, he found that peaches and plums in Nanjing bloomed around March 3 1, while peaches and plums in Beijing didn't show their petals until April 19, with a difference of nearly 20 days between north and south, but after late May, the phenology between Nanjing and Beijing was different by several days. What is the reason? Zhu Kezhen analyzed the climate. He thinks that China has a typical continental climate. In late winter and early spring, the temperature difference between north and south is quite large, but it is relatively small after early summer. For example, the temperature difference between Nanjing and Beijing reached 4 degrees Celsius in March, but there was almost no obvious difference in May.
Later, Zhu Kezhen wrote a monograph "Phenology" based on his decades of observation and research on phenology, which is also a great contribution to China meteorology. Zhu Kezhen not only left us a lot of scientific works and papers, but also left a diary of 8 million words. From 1936 to 1974 on February 6, * * * counted 38 years and 37 days, almost without interruption, while the diaries before 1936 were scattered in the process of moving. Zhu Kezhen's diary is extremely rich in content and good in literary talent. Many diaries, as long as they are sorted out a little, are a wonderful scientific and technological article.
Zhu Kezhen has a habit of carrying two treasures with him: a thermometer and an altimeter. Everywhere he went, he used these two treasures to observe and write them down with a pen and notebook, which became an important content of his diary. His rigorous academic spirit for decades is what many people lack and what we need to learn.
1February 6, 974, Zhu Kezhen was seriously ill and bedridden. When he woke up from the coma, he was listening to the weather forecast in Beijing on the radio. He wrote the last diary in his diary with trembling hands: "The temperature, the highest is MINUS 1 degree Celsius, and the lowest is MINUS 7 degrees Celsius. Dongfeng 1-2. Sunny to cloudy ... "